Shradha Maheshwari_24!04!10_4g Wireless Technology

7/30/2019 Shradha Maheshwari_24!04!10_4g Wireless Technology

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Seminar

on4G wireless technology

Presented By-

Shradha

Maheshwari

CS-08



What is 4G?

One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC.

It will provide a comprehensive IP solution wherevoice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an

“anytime , anywhere” basis.

It includes several types of broadband wireless

communication system access including cellular

telephone system.



History of 4G technology

Technology1G 2G 3G 4G

Design began

Implementation

1970

1984

1980

1991

1990

2002

2000

2010?

Services

provided

Voice

transmission,

text message

Associated

with GSM

service

Global

Roaming,

interactivemedia

Higher

capacity

,completelyIP oriented,

multimedia.

Data bandwidth 1.0Kbps 144Kbps 2Mbps 100Mbps



Why 4G is required?

Due to substantial growth in overall number of

subscribers.

Due to massive demand of new services like

data , audio , image or video .



Features of 4G Technology

Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and

wireless internet.

Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates.

Global mobility and service portability.

Support for previous wireless technologies.

High internet speed.

Tight network security.

Better spectral efficiency.



Problems with the Current

System

• Cellular networks do not have available

bandwidth needed to handle data serviceswell.

• Data transfer tends to come in bursts.



Transmission system



Technology and hardware

used in 4G

OFDM

UWB

Smart antennas

IPv6

Software defined ratio



OFDM (orthogonal frequency

division multiplexing)

It is based on the concept of FDD (Frequency division multiplexing).

It works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals

By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference can be

avoided

. Here modulation can be performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently as an

IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.



UWB (ultra wide band)

. An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.

It is typically detected as noise.

It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.

It uses less power as it transmits pulse instead of continuos signal.

Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.



Smart antennas

• A digital wireless communication antenna system thattakes advantage of diversity effect at source,

destination or both.

• They can send back signals in the same direction thatthey came from.

• They can fall into SIMO, MIMO and MISO.



Antenna as both transmitter

and receiver



Smart antennas can be broadly divided

into two categories:

• Switched beam antenna

• Adaptive array antenna



Switched Beam Antenna



Adaptive Array Antenna



Software defined radio (SDR)

A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any

radio or frequency standard through the use of software.

The phone should automatically switch from operating on aCDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required.

It can be dynamically updated with new software without any

changes in the hardware and infrastructure.



Packet Layer

• Splits the data into small packets.

• Without this there would be a need of separate connection

on each computer with a separate network and routing

equipment.

• They follow rules how they are formatted.



IPv6

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol throughwhich data is sent from one computer to another on the

internet.

It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP

address in IPv4. Understanding of IPv6 in 4G-

- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9

- 216.37.129.9 may be written like 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001

- the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like216.37.129.9,79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120

- all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.

- the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the

“home address” purpose.



IPv6 continue……

The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be

declared as the “care-of address”.

The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed asmobile IP address.

The last set of IP address(192.168.5.120) can be localnetwork address.

There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique

address.



Advantages of Packets

• More secure

• More flexible• More reliable

• Proven technology

• Easier to standardize• Extensible



QOS (quality of service)

In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the

measure of the performance for a system reflecting itstransmission quality and service availability.

4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%.

In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-

Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction

and the packet loss rate.

Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .

User-level QOS

depends on user mobility and application type .



An imagined view of 4G mobile phone



Barrier to progress

• Nobody makes the conversion to 4G.

• Everyone makes the conversion to4G.

• Some of the players make the

conversion to 4G.



Applications

1. Virtual Presence

2. Virtual Navigation

3. Tele geo processing application

4. Telemedicine and education



continue…..

5. Crisis management

6. Multimedia video services.

7. Traffic control system

8. Admission control in cellular packetnetworks



THANK YOU



Any queries??

Shradha Maheshwari_24!04!10_4g Wireless Technology

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