Seminar on

4G wireless technology

Presented By-

Shradha Maheshwari

CS-08

What is 4G?

One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC.

It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where

voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an

“anytime , anywhere” basis.

It includes several types of broadband wireless

communication system access including cellular

telephone system.

History of 4G technology

Technology 1G 2G 3G 4G

Design began

Implementation1970

1984

1980

1991

1990

2002

2000

2010?

Services provided

Voice transmission, text message

Associated with GSM service

Global Roaming, interactive media

Higher capacity ,completely IP oriented, multimedia.

Data bandwidth 1.0Kbps 144Kbps 2Mbps 100Mbps

Why 4G is required?

Due to substantial growth in overall number of

subscribers.

Due to massive demand of new services like data , audio , image or video .

Features of 4G Technology

Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless internet.

Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates. Global mobility and service portability. Support for previous wireless technologies. High internet speed. Tight network security. Better spectral efficiency.

Problems with the Current System

• Cellular networks do not have available bandwidth needed to handle data services well.

• Data transfer tends to come in bursts.

Transmission system

Technology and hardware used in 4G

OFDM

UWB

Smart antennas

IPv6

Software defined ratio

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)

It is based on the concept of FDD (Frequency division multiplexing). It works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference can be

avoided . Here modulation can be performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently as an

IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.

UWB (ultra wide band) .An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology. It is typically detected as noise. It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. It uses less power as it transmits pulse instead of continuos signal. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

Smart antennas

• A digital wireless communication antenna system that takes advantage of diversity effect at source, destination or both.

• They can send back signals in the same direction that they came from.

• They can fall into SIMO, MIMO and MISO.

Antenna as both transmitter and receiver

Smart antennas can be broadly divided into two categories:

• Switched beam antenna

• Adaptive array antenna

Switched Beam Antenna

Adaptive Array Antenna

Software defined radio (SDR)

A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software.

The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required.

It can be dynamically updated with new software without any changes in the hardware and infrastructure.

Packet Layer

• Splits the data into small packets.

• Without this there would be a need of separate connection on each computer with a separate network and routing equipment.

• They follow rules how they are formatted.

IPv6

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol through which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet.

It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.

Understanding of IPv6 in 4G-

- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9

- 216.37.129.9 may be written like 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001

- the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like 216.37.129.9,79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120

- all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.

- the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the

“home address” purpose.

IPv6 continue……

The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as the “care-of address”.

The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as mobile IP address.

The last set of IP address(192.168.5.120) can be local network address.

There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique address.

Advantages of Packets

• More secure

• More flexible

• More reliable

• Proven technology

• Easier to standardize

• Extensible

QOS (quality of service)

In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability.

4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%.

In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-

Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction

and the packet loss rate.

Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .

User-level QOS depends on user mobility and application type .

An imagined view of 4G mobile phone

Barrier to progress

• Nobody makes the conversion to 4G.

• Everyone makes the conversion to 4G.

• Some of the players make the conversion to 4G.

Applications

1. Virtual Presence

2. Virtual Navigation

3. Tele geo processing application

4. Telemedicine and education

continue…..

5. Crisis management

6. Multimedia video services.

7. Traffic control system

8. Admission control in cellular packet networks

THANK YOU

Any queries??