Shade Webinar 12 Jan 2010
Transcript of Shade Webinar 12 Jan 2010
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Shade Measurement Topics
Site analysis considerations
Why measure shade?
Terminology
Shade measurement strategies
Live demo
Common problems and solutions
State rebate requirements
Resources, Questions and Answers
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Founded in 2005 20 employees
Headquarters in Sebastopol, CA Mission: to improve the effectiveness of solar systems
and those who install them by providing high quality,- -
Solmetric Corporation
,
know-how.
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Basic PV System
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Why measure shade?
Choose optimum location for panels
Identif issues earl in the rocess
Ensure sufficient energy production Ensure optimum state rebate
Note: Shading can have disproportionate
impact on energy production
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Shading: a little bit goes a long way
% Production
100 Actual performancedepends on:
Modules bypass
% Shading
50
50 100
Panel configuration #strings affected
Best case
Real world?
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PV Simulation Model (string)
Insolation, temp., wind speed
Sun Az/El, panel tilt/Az
Module-section-level shading
Module parameters
Inverter parameters
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PV Simulation Model (string)
Typical module: 24 cells in 3 strings Bypass diode for each cell Shading disrupts current flow Module output is reduced
String output is reduced
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Shading: a little bit goes a long way
100%73%
Business Card
covering halfof one cell
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Sun path interaction
Maxaccess
No access
Reducedaccess
SunPath
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Annual sun path example
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Hemisphere view (Skyline)
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Solar Resource Terms
Insolation. Incident Solar Radiation, kWh/m2
Solar Access. Insolation compared to no shading, in field of
view of the panel. Tilt and Orientation Factor (TOF). TOF is the solar insolation
at the actual tilt and orientation divided by the insolation at, .
Total Solar Resource Fraction (TSRF). TSRF is the ratio ofinsolation available accounting for both shading and TOF,compared to the total insolation available at a given location
at the optimum tilt and orientation and with no shading.TSRF is also expressed in percent, according to the followingequation: TSRF = Solar Access * TOF.
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San Diego insolation
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Solar Resource Terms
Optimum Annual
InsolationTOF
TSRF
o ar ccess Loss due to sub-optimal tilt/azimuth
Loss due toshading
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Solar Resource Example
Optimum Annual
InsolationTOF
TSRF
o arAccessLoss due to sub-optimal tilt/azimuth
Loss due toshading
Good Solar Accessmeans little shade,but not necessarilythe best solar
production.
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Obstruction Geometry
D/H as high as possible
D/H > 2 is California Minimal Shading ~26 degrees D/H > 3+ is shade free 9-3
r = TAN-1( (H/D)
H/D = TAN (r)
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Shade measurement strategies
Take multiple point readings Spacing between readings
Look for worst case Array corners
Points closest to obstructions
Average solar access readings
Obstruction elevation angles
Note: Be sure you meet the requirements ofyour state program and rebate calculators
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Using the Solmetric SunEyeTM
Copyright SolmetricCorporation, 2008
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Steps for measuring solar access
1. Point south*
Bubble LevelCompass
2. Hold Level
* Point south in the northern hemisphere; point north
in the southern hemisphere.
3. Press the button
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Introducing the Solmetric SunEyeTM 210
Whats New?
Easy one-handed operation
Brighter, higher Res. Display (4x) Electronic compass & inclinometer
Dynamic Site-survey mode
Integrated stylus holder
Integrated GPS option
Impact resistant molded case
2 year warranty
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Comparing to the original SunEye
Whats the same?
Easy to use and navigate user interface
Powerful shade analysis software On-board editing tools for What-if
Results viewable right on the SunEye
,
Sunpaths, Monthly Solar Access
Obstruction Elevation Angles
Desktop Companion Software included
( Proven after shipping thousands of Model 110 SunEyes )
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Built-in Inclinometer
Measure Tilt and Azimuth
1. Set SunEye on plane of solar
array.2. Point arrow towards array
heading.
3. Read tilt and azimuth from
display.4. Enter into panel orientation
fields.
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Site-Survey Mode
Find optimum moduleplacement
1. Find prospective solar site.2. Survey potential module
locations by:
-.
survey button.2. Scan area while observing
obstructions entering thesunpath.
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Steps for measuring solar access
1. Point south*
ElectronicBubble Level
ElectronicCompass
2. Hold Level
* north in the southern hemisphere
3. Press the button
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SunEyes Key Benefits
Accuracy and repeatability
Calibrated fisheye lens
Multiple users, different situations, same results
Speed and convenience
Full Sky Preview mode
One shot for the entire skyline
Point and shoot capability
Data transfer
Solmetric PV Designer
Other Programs
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Live indoor measurement example
(for academic purposes) Sky Simulator facilitates indoor use (demos and training)
Small tree toward the east; larger tree toward the west
Example azimuth=150; tilt=20
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SunEye position
Always: Level, toward magnetic South
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Roof
line
SunEye Example
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Dealing with Shade
Optimize Shade-Free production
Avoid shade whenever possible
Find the best location for the desiredseason/time-of-day
Tree removal
e uce s a e
Minimize debris
Module Level MPP
Incorporate new technologies that
mitigate shade impact Micro-inverters
Power Optimizers
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The SolarMagic Power Optimizer
SolarMagic Input
High speed MPPT algorithms maximize
panel energy harvestWide-input range accommodates almostall panel types
SolarMagic Output
Automatically scales output current and
voltage to optimize power of the entirestring.Wide output range maximizes flexibility
Slide courtesy of:
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Predicting energy production
Solar Calculators:
PVWatts by NREL
Vendor web sites
State rebate calculators
CSI Incentive Calculator (EPBB Calculator)
NSHP Calculator
Commercial software products PV*SOL, PV-Syst, Laplace, Maui
On-grid, CPF Tools, Clean Power Estimator
Etc.
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Solmetric PV Designer
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SunEye GPS Add-On
GPS option integrated into 210
Detects latitude/longitude forsession location and automaticsunpath generation
data set collected Reports include file for Google
Earth
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SunEye GPS output to Google Earth
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Data transfer to computer via USB
SunEye stores more than100 Skylines in memory
Transfer data to PC forfurther analysis
View and edit data in same
way as on hand-held Create reports and export
files to design tools
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Solar Access and Shade Report
All session data is combinedinto a single hypertextdocument
ClientInformation
Converts to MS-Word View, Email, or print
Installer businessinformation/logo
d f l
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Access raw data files
Import data files into design software
Excel spread sheet, OnGrid,PVOptimize, PV*SOL, T*SOL, PVSyst,QuickQuotes, CPF Tools
Month
Day Jan Feb Mar
1 54.17 54.99 67.64
2 54.17 54.99 67.64
3 54.17 54.99 67.64
4 54.17 54.99 67.645 56.63 54.66 67.77
6 56.63 54.66 67.77
7 56.63 54.66 67.77
8 56.63 54.66 67.77
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Resources
Users Guide accessible via desktop software
Help>Solmetric SunEye Users Guide
Knowledge base at: http://www.solmetric.com/knowledgebase.html
Technical Support
1-877-263-5026, opt 2
Dec-Jan issue:Solar Site Evaluationwww.solarprofessional.com
phoberg
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Questions?
Solmetric Corporationwww.solmetric.com
1-877-263-5026