Seminar on Thermal Waste Treatment

IWMF Hong Kong

Development of Thermal Waste Treatment Facilities in Larger German Cities and

Possible Application to Hong Kong

JW Marriott HotelHong Kong

March 07, 2008

Seminar on Thermal Waste Treatment

Authors: Dr-Eng Gerrit ErmelDipl-Eng Holger SchroederDipl-Geogr Michael Ruestmann

Engineering Group Dr Born – Dr ErmelAchim, Frankfurt, Dresden (Germany)Sofia (Bulgaria)Kuching (Malaysia)Hong Kong SAR (P.R. China)

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Content of Presentation

1. Introduction of Engineering Group Dr Born – Dr Ermel

2. Development of Thermal Waste Treatment and Measures of Emission Control in Germany

3. Climatic Relevance of Thermal Waste Treatment

4. Example of WTE Plants in Larger German Cities:City of Frankfurt

5. Recommendations for Hong Kong

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Development of Thermal Treatment Facilities in Large Cities of Germany and


Introduction

Engineering Group Dr Born – Dr Ermel

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Waste-to-Energy PlantCity of Kiel

Sanitary Landfill Hoefer

Mechanical-Biological Treatment Plant

Asslar

IntroductionEngineering Group Dr Born – Dr Ermel

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Development of Thermal Waste Treatment and Measures of Emission Control

in Germany

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Development of Thermal Waste Treatment in Germany

First WTE Plant established in Hamburg in 1893

Development of WTE Capacity since 1965: • 1965: 7 WTE plants with 718,000 tons per year• 2007: 75(*) WTE Plants with 17.8 million tons per year

(*) including RDF Plants

• In future: > 90% of Solid Waste to be treated thermally

Continuous development of emission control regulations in Germany and the EU, especially since 1970

Major Milestones:• Technical Instruction Air (1974/1986) – TA Luft• 17th Ordinance to Federal Emission Law (1990/1999/2003) –

17. BImSchV• EU-Regulation 2000/76/EG – Adoption of 17. BImSchV

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Parameter TA Luft(general demand)

13th BImSchV(for Power Plants

> 300 MW)

17. BImSchV(for WTE)

Operational Emission Data of WTE(*)

Ctot (mg/m³) 50 --- 10(daily average)

<5

CO (mg/m³) 100 200 50(daily average)

<20

HCl (mg/m³) 30 not relevant 10(daily average)

<5

HF (mg/m³) 3 not relevant 1(daily average)

<0.5

SO2 (mg/m³) 350 200 50(daily average)

<10

NOx (mg/m³) 350 200 200(daily average)

<100

Dust (mg/m³) 20 20 10(daily average)

<1

PCDD/PCDF (ng TE/m³)

0.1 0.1(mean during sampling)

<0.005

Comparison of Legal Emission Limits and Operational Data(*) average of all existing WTE in Germany

Development of Measures for Emission Control

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Options of Flue Gas Treatment Standard installation

• Emission parameters acc. to actual legal limits

• High operational security

• Low operational costs and investment

Flue gas from boiler

Recirculation

Bag-Filter

StackInduced Draught

Fan

Water

Reactor

Lime, active carbon

Filter ash

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Options of Flue Gas Treatment

Multi-stage installation

Flue gas from boiler

Water

Reactor Induced Draught Fan Stack

CatalystHeat Exchanger

Wet Scrubber

Lime, active carbon

Recirculation

• Emission parameters < 30% below actual legal limits

• High operational efforts

• High operational costs and investment

Bag-Filter

Filter ash

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Dioxin balance of a modern WTE Plant

Input by Waste: average 60 µg TE per ton(11 – 255 µg/ TE per ton)

Residues from flue gas cleaning: 50 µg TE per ton

Flue gas: 0.5 µg TE per ton(Legal Limit of 17. BImSchV)

Slags: 4 µg TE per ton

Environmental Impact of WTE EmissionsExample Dioxin

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Climatic Relevance of Thermal Waste Treatment

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Comparison of Specific CO2-Emissions by Electricity from Waste

Electricity from Waste

6,589

0,578 0,337 0,195 0,1010

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Landfill andbiogas

engines

WTE(conventional)

WTE(optimised)

WTE(conventional

+ CHP)

WTE(optimised +

CHP)

kg C

O2/

kWh

Climatic Relevance of Thermal Waste Treatment

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WTE in combination with residential area

Introduction: Environmental Impact of WTE Emissions

WTE

Heat for Households and Commercial Areas

40 – 50%

District Cooling for Households and

Commercial Areas50 – 60 %

Electrical Energy25 %

>= 65 – 75 %

>= 75 – 85 %

WTE in combination with steam consumers

WTE

Steam for Industry

Steam for Power Plants

> 90 %

> 95 %

Efficiency:

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Examples of WTE Solutionsin Lager German Cities

WTE Plant in the City of Frankfurt

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WTE Plant FrankfurtWhy do we normally find WTE Plants in the City Centres in Germany?

• Location near the gravity centre of waste generation avoids transport traffic which will effect additional air pollution

• Modern WTE Plants with appropriate flue gas cleaning equipment are commonly accepted as necessary infrastructure in Germany andEurope

• City Centres are perfect locations for distribution of district heating and/or process energy for industrial purposes

• More than 30 years of experience with such installations prove no significant impacts both to environment and humans

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WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt

Druckluft

WasserKalkhydratHerdofenkoks

Reststoffe

Reingase zum Saugzug

Abgasaus Dampferzeuger

RezirkulationReaktionsmittel

GewebefilterR kstrom-wirbler

3

12

1

2

3

45

6

7

89

11

12

1413

16

1710

15

2 M l -Krananlage

3 Aufgabeschacht

4 Dosierst廲 el

6 Feuerraum

7 St zfeuerung

8 Kesselanlage

10 Gew ebefilter

11 Saugzuggebl酲 e

12 Kam inanlage

14 Entsch lacker

15 Schlackelager

16 Kesselentaschung

M l

R ost-schlacke

Dam pf-abgabe R kst鄚 de

GereinigtesR auchgas

1 M lbunker 5 Verbrennungsrost 9 W irbelsch ichtreaktor Rostdurchfa llf顤derung13 17 R kstandssilo

WTE Frankfurt

Scheme of WTE plant

Scheme of flue gas cleaning device

Scope of Engineering Work:

Increase of capacity of WTE Plant up to 4 x 20 tons/hour with thermal capacity of 4 x 57 MW (640,000 tons/year)

Implementation of incinerationand flue gas cleaning technologyaccording to state of technique

Connection of WTE and Power Plant to a common facility by making use of any available operational, energeticand economical synergetic effect

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WTE Plant of the City of FrankfurtSite situation

Power PlantWaste-to-Energy Plant

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Optimization of Energy Efficiency:

Increase of steam parameters of WTE plant considering critical corrosive conditions (60 bar at 500°C)

Implementation of high-capacity turbine inside the Power Plant with high power output (i.e. 55 MW electrical power)

Extension of district heating grid by acquisition of additional industrial clients and town districts

Assembly of Turbine

Corrosion diagram


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Overall energy efficiency of former existing setup:

approxapprox. . 3737 %%

Overall energy efficiency of re-engineered facilities:

approxapprox. . > 70> 70 %%

Guarantee of recycling plant of WTE Frankfurt with the possibility of flexible response to entire waste market (access to thermal recyclable waste from commercial and industrial sources)


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New Boiler House


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Construction Site

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View of WTE Plant Frankfurt

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Neighbouring residential area

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Adjacent public infrastructure

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Recommendations for Hong Kong

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Recommendations for Hong Kong

WTE site requires suitable connection to traffic infrastructure(e.g. transport by sea cargo)

Recommended economical capacity of WTE is ≧1,000,000 tons/year

Optimized use of energy shall be considered (electrical/heat/cold)efficiency target > 70%

Operationable thermal system (proven technique: moving grate)

Efficient steam parameters (<60 bar, 450 deg. C)

Flue gas cleaning acc. to state of technique (European standard)

Compliance with above criteria will enable economical and environmental friendly thermal waste treatment

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Thank you for your kind attention!

For further information please contact:

Dr Born – Dr Ermel Engineering Ltd.Suite 2207-09, Tower Two Lippo Centre

89 Queensway, AdmiraltyHong Kong SAR

email: [email protected]

Seminar on Thermal Waste Treatment

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