Power generated in GGSSTP=(210*6)=1260MW Amount of coal consumed per year=6.29MTPA Amount of ash generated per year(30-40%)=2.2MTPA Amount of fly ash generated per year(80%)=1.76MTPA Amount of bottom ash generated per

year(20%)=0.44MTPA Energy density of coal is 6.67Kwh/kg and taking 30%

efficiency of coal power plants it becomes 2Kw.h/kg. Gives us about 1260Mwh of power generated from (625-650)Tons of fuel burnt each hour.

example, running one 100-watt light bulb for one year requires 876 kw.h (100 W × 24 h/day × 365 day/year = 876000 W.h = 876 kw.h). Converting this power usage into physical coal consumption:876/2=438 kg of coal

Bottom ash is 20% of the ash content. It is collected from the bottom of the boiler and mixed with water and flyash to form pond ash.

Fly ash(80%) of the ash content. It is collected from the emmisions with help of ESP’s. There are 6 in series and 7 in parallel making 42 ESP’s for each boiler.So that most of the flyash from exhaust can be captured.

The fly ash trapped in the ESP’s is pumped into 2 large tanks called silo with the help of vacuum generated by pumps.

FLY ASH Collected in ESP’s. Fine in size Possess Pozzolanic Properties(Pozollana is a Siliceous or Siliceous and

Aluminous material, which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, Chemically react with Calcium Hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cementitious properties.

BOTTOM ASH Collected at the bottom of furnace. Coarse in size. Useful as drainage material.

POND ASH Fly Ash or bottom ash or a mixture of Bottom ash & Fly Ash in any

proportion with water. Conveyed in the form of water slurry

Collected in ash Pond.

Ash is an excellent resource material for construction industry.

Ash utilization helps conserve natural resources like clay, limestone, sand required for making cement-thus saving environment.

Ash is an excellent fill material for road / rail embankment construction.

Ash is suitable for reclamation of both Open cast & under ground mines. De-coaled area can be reclaimed for agriculture / floriculture / afforestation.

Used as Micro nutrient and for soil amendment.Used as Micro nutrient and for soil amendment. For Agriculture. For Wasteland Development.

High Value Applications.High Value Applications. For manufacture of Ceramics, Paints, Synthetic wood.

Recovery of Metals.

Cenospheres(small low density spheres of silica and

alumina basically filled with air or inert gas and used in the

formation of low density cement)

This is a concrete dam in India built with roller compaction technology.  Now, for a concrete dam, it is vital that the heat of hydration be reduced to the minimum. The Bureau of Indian Standards restricts the replacement of cement to maximum 35% with fly ash. For the upper dam, 70% fly ash was used with 30% Portland cement. Of course, this was possible due to the roller compacting technology employed and definitely not be advised for other regular structures.

Fly ash has a high amount of silica and alumina in a reactive form. These reactive elements complement hydration chemistry of cement. Fly ash make concrete more denser and hence less permeable. So it is also used to produce floor tiles.

Flow able Fill (CLSM) being laid in road cut area Self levelling can be seen CLSM is a fluid mixture made of 90-95% fly ash & 5-10% Portland Cement and sufficient quantity of Water.

Fly Ash Doses of 50 to 200 Tons per Hectare every five years helps to: Improve Soil Texture. Reduces bulk density of soil Improves water holding capacity. Optimizes pH value. Improves soil aeration. Reduces crust formation. Provides micro nutrients like Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, B

etc. Provides macro nutrients like K, P, Ca etc.

Improves the yield by 10 to 40%

SOx, NOx and CO2 usually go untreated into the atmosphere and can only be controlled by proper burning of fuel and using of limited amount of excess air.And better dispersion of pollutants is also required for which height of stack need to be large these are of 200ft. height.

Thermal power plants have many uses i.e fly ashcan be used for bricks, tiles, as filling material etc.,Bottom ash is being used for rail embankment, makingflyovers and filling, cenospheres can be used formaking low density cement, Ash can be used forincreasing the yield of agricultural land and so on.Therefore we should make the most of it as there isTrillion tons of coal and earth and is supposed to bedepleted in next few decades so we should make themost of it and not destroy our environment.