BY-HIMANGSHU SHA RMA

DEPT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,

DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY

SEMINAR ON INFLUENZA

INTRODUCTIONVirus cause influenza.Another name is “Orthomyxovirus”.These

are spherical,enveloped viruses containing negative senses.

Three types of influenza : a)type A b)type B c)type C

CONTD….

Type A virus was isolated in 1933,by intranasal instillation of throatwashings of patients .

Type B virus was isolated along with type A in cell culture in 1940.

Type A virus is differ from type B in that they have animal reservior and further divided into subtypes.

SPREADING & INCUBATION

Influenza spreads in seasonal epidemic worldwide,particularly in the cooler winter.

Influenza is transmitted through air from the respiratory tract of an infected person.

It can also be transmitted by direct contact with respiratory droplets.

Incubation period is usually 2 days.

SYMPTOMS

Abrupt onset fever,Aching muscles,Sore throat,Non-productive cough,Runny noseHeadacheBurning sensation in the chestEye pain

COMPLICATIONThe most frequent complication of influenza

is bacterial pneumonia.Inflammation of the heart & worsening of

pulmonary diseases(eg:bronchitis).Reyes syndromes is also occurs.

PREVENTION

The best way to prevent is with annual vaccination.Covering our mouth & nose with sleeve or tissue paper during sneezing.Washing our hands often with soaps & water

specially after sneezing or coughing.Staying away from people from sick people.

PREVENTIVE DRUGS

There are four antiviral agents approved for prevention of influenza.

Oseltamivir & Zanamivir will offer protection against both A&B.

Amantadine & Rimantadine also offers protection but only against type A.

But their use is limited to situations .

VACCINEVaccines are made from inactivated viruses.Contains 3 strains of influenza virus.For the inactivated vaccines,the viruses are

inactivated, purified & packaged in- syringes.Live- -virus vaccine is packaged in a special

nasal sprayer.

REFERENCE

• Chakraborty P,a textbook of microbiology,chapter Orthomyxovirus.ed 2nd,pg no.:563-572

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