Segregation & Discrimination

Changes in American Life1880-1914

Chapter 21 Section 3

Essential Questions:

• Why do people discriminate against each other?

• Why did Southern “Whites” create Jim Crow Laws?

• What impact did Plessy vs. Ferguson have on the United States?

• How did Civil Right Activists differ in their approaches for Civil Rights?

Racial Discrimination

• Different Treatment of People on the Basis of Race

4 Cultures Facing Discrimination in the U.S.

(1865-1914)

United States Reconstruction:

(1865-1877)• The Civil War Ended

(1865)

• North Occupied the South (U.S. Army)

• Passed the 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments

• Helped African Americans Gain More Equality & Freedoms

13th, 14th, & 15th United States Amendments

Southern Whites Take Away African American Political Power (Voting

Rights)• Literacy Tests

– Exams Given in Latin to Prevent African Americans from Voting

– Most African Americans in the South Were NOT Educated

• Poll Taxes– Pay a Tax in Order to

Vote– Most African

Americans Could Not Afford the Tax

3 Methods Continued…• The Literacy Test &

the Poll Tax Prevented Poor Uneducated Whites From Voting

• Southern States Passed the Grandfather Clause:– Totally MESSED UP!– Stated if You Had an

Ancestor that Could Vote BEFORE 1867, Then You Could Vote

– Why do African Americans NOT Have Ancestors that Voted Before 1867?

Why Are White Southerners Afraid of African Americans

Voting?• African Americans

Would Vote for Other African Americans or Whites That Supported Equal Rights

• Pass Laws to Promote Equality

• Southern Whites Would Lose Political Power!

Jim Crow Laws

• Laws Passed by Southern States to Enforce Segregation

• Segregation– Separation of

Whites & Blacks in Public Places (Parks, Schools, Libraries, Movies, Bathrooms, etc…)

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

• #4 of the 7 Supreme Court Cases YOU MUST KNOW!

• Homer Plessy Sued a Railroad Company for Segregated Seating on Railroad Cars

• Claimed it Violated 14th Amendment (Everyone is Equal)

Supreme Court’s Rulingon

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

• U.S. Supreme Court Ruled AgainstAgainst Plessy

• “Separate BUT Equal”

• HUGE Mistake by the Supreme Court!

Impact of Plessy vs. Ferguson

• Segregation Was LEGAL!

• All Public Places Could Be Separated by Race

• Segregation & Discrimination INCREASED!

• What a MISTAKE!

Separate But Equal?

Segregated Schools

• Schools Were NOT Equal!

• Whites Controlled Government Positions

• Put $$$ into White Schools & Facilities, Not African American Ones

Booker T. Washington• Former Slave

• Founded the Tuskegee Institute (Teacher)

• Wanted African Americans to Gain Equality Through Trades/Learning Skills/Getting Jobs & $$

• Did NOT Challenge/Fight Against Segregation:– Figured Whites Would

Support the Tuskegee Institute if He Did NOT Fight Segregation

W.E.B. Du Bois

• Harvard Educated

• Totally REJECTEDREJECTED Segregation!

• Founded the NAACP in 1909

• NAACP Fought to End Segregation ASAP!

“The Talented 10th”

• Du Bois Believed Educated African Americans Would End Segregation

• Top 10% of Educated African Americans Would Lead the Way

• Why do You Think He Believed This?

• Was He Right?

NAACP• The National

Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• Founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois

• Fought Against Segregation in the 20th Century

• Fights for Equal Rights!

KKK• Used Violence to

Keep African Americans from Voting

• Used Violence to Keep Segregation

• Scared/Intimidated Anyone Who Wanted to End Segregation

Ida B. Wells• African American

Journalist (Memphis Tennessee)

• Exposed Problems of Lynching – Lost 3 Friends

• Had to Leave Because of KKK

• Read Her Story (Page 624)

Lynching

• Extremely Powerful Images!

• Makes Me Too Nauseous to Show You!

Discrimination in Northern States

• Many African Americans Moved to Northern States (No Jim Crow Laws)

• However, African Americans Could NOTNOT Get Housing in White Neighborhoods

• Denied Jobs

• Still Faced Violence

Racism Towards Asians

• Chinese Exclusion Act

• Chinese Workers Got Lower Pay $$$ Than Whites

• Faced Violent Attacks

Racism Towards Mexicans

• Mexicans Were Forced into Peonage

• Forced to Work Until You Work off Your Debts:– (Washing Dishes at

Restaurant)

• Very Similar to Slavery

Nature vs. Nurture(Racism)

Tolerance

We Could Learn A lot From Crayons…..

Essential Questions:

• Why do people discriminate against each other?

• Why did Southern “Whites” create Jim Crow Laws?

• What impact did Plessy vs. Ferguson have on the United States?

• How did Civil Right Activists differ in their approaches for Civil Rights?