Discrimination and Discrimination and SegregationSegregation

America: ‘Equality and Justice’ or America: ‘Equality and Justice’ or ‘Discrimination and Segregation’?‘Discrimination and Segregation’?

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Connecting the Experience to Connecting the Experience to HistoryHistory

Do you think the way the pretest was handled was Do you think the way the pretest was handled was fair? Why or why not?fair? Why or why not?

How did you feel about the materials you were given? How did you feel about the materials you were given? Why? Why?

How did you feel as a member of the underprivileged How did you feel as a member of the underprivileged group? As a member of the privileged group?group? As a member of the privileged group?

How did you end up in the privileged or How did you end up in the privileged or underprivileged group? How is this similar to how underprivileged group? How is this similar to how people have historically ended up in such groups? people have historically ended up in such groups?

Can you think of any times in history when some Can you think of any times in history when some groups were discriminated against and others held groups were discriminated against and others held privileges as a product of birth? Why did these privileges as a product of birth? Why did these historical circumstances arise?historical circumstances arise?

T-ChartT-Chart Connecting Experience to History Connecting Experience to History

In-Class Experience Historical Discrimination and Segregation

What is Segregation?What is Segregation?

Separation of people based on raceSeparation of people based on raceEarly immigrants wanted freedom but Early immigrants wanted freedom but

Americans denied it…..why?Americans denied it…..why?Economic gain, Economic gain, Political gain, or Political gain, or Prejudice brought from home countryPrejudice brought from home country

What groups in the past have been What groups in the past have been discriminated against in the US?discriminated against in the US?

Native AmericansNative Americans White settlers wanted their land…Manifest DestinyWhite settlers wanted their land…Manifest Destiny How did they exterminate the “Indian menace” ? Deceptive/false How did they exterminate the “Indian menace” ? Deceptive/false

treaties, enslavement and forced migration to reservationstreaties, enslavement and forced migration to reservations 1826, Bureau of Indian Affairs…maintain the reservations1826, Bureau of Indian Affairs…maintain the reservations 1838, Trail of Tears…2000 miles for the Cherokee…Indian Removal 1838, Trail of Tears…2000 miles for the Cherokee…Indian Removal

ActAct 1876, Battle of Little Bighorn, Custer’s Last Stand…natural resources1876, Battle of Little Bighorn, Custer’s Last Stand…natural resources 1887, Dawes Act…broke up reservations for assimilation1887, Dawes Act…broke up reservations for assimilation

In 1973, the occupation of Wounded Knee in South Dakota was one In 1973, the occupation of Wounded Knee in South Dakota was one of several civil rights protests led by the of several civil rights protests led by the A. Black PanthersA. Black Panthers B. American Indian movementB. American Indian movement C. United Farm WorkersC. United Farm Workers D. National Organization for WomenD. National Organization for Women

Irish ImmigrantsIrish Immigrants Came seeking opportunity in 1830’s thru 1850’s (potato Came seeking opportunity in 1830’s thru 1850’s (potato

famine)famine) Other Push or Pull Factors ?Other Push or Pull Factors ? backbreaking manual labor on railroadsbackbreaking manual labor on railroads poverty level, low wages, Tammany Hall?poverty level, low wages, Tammany Hall?

In the late 19In the late 19thth century, immigration most affected century, immigration most affected American cities by contributing to which of the following?American cities by contributing to which of the following? A. Overcrowded housingA. Overcrowded housing B. Movement to the suburbsB. Movement to the suburbs C. Development of city parksC. Development of city parks D. Financing railroad constructionD. Financing railroad construction

Chinese ImmigrantsChinese Immigrants

1850’s, ________________ Island1850’s, ________________ Island worked in mining and rail industryworked in mining and rail industry 1882, Chinese Exclusion Act: limiting 1882, Chinese Exclusion Act: limiting

Chinese immigrationChinese immigration

Jewish ImmigrantsJewish Immigrants

Throughout 20th century, they fought anti-Throughout 20th century, they fought anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) stereotypesSemitic (anti-Jewish) stereotypes

discrimination and violence (defacing of discrimination and violence (defacing of headstones and attacked by KKK)headstones and attacked by KKK)

Japanese Immigrants Japanese Immigrants (Americans)(Americans)

Dec. 7 1941Dec. 7 1941________________ Camps, forced from ________________ Camps, forced from

their homes and forced heretheir homes and forced here1941, Executive Order 90661941, Executive Order 9066Hiroshima and Nagasaki…Why the bomb?Hiroshima and Nagasaki…Why the bomb?

African AmericansAfrican Americans

Arrived 1619 in Jamestown, beginning Arrived 1619 in Jamestown, beginning nearly 250 years of state sanctioned nearly 250 years of state sanctioned slaveryslavery

Separated from families, back breaking Separated from families, back breaking work, no pay, horrible living conditionswork, no pay, horrible living conditions

Forbidden to read and writeForbidden to read and writeTreated with brutality and violenceTreated with brutality and violence

African Americans African Americans Separate But EqualSeparate But Equal

Civil War ends slavery, their lives improve Civil War ends slavery, their lives improve briefly….briefly….

Jim Crow laws: Jim Crow laws: Local laws designed to keep former slaves from Local laws designed to keep former slaves from

enjoying new rights as US citizensenjoying new rights as US citizens1896, Plessy v. Ferguson: “Separate But Equal” 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson: “Separate But Equal”

didn’t violate constitution…didn’t violate constitution…Jim Crow laws and this case led to racially Jim Crow laws and this case led to racially

segregated nation the first half of the 20th segregated nation the first half of the 20th centurycentury

How Were African Americans’ How Were African Americans’ Separated?Separated?

Separate seating at movies Separate seating at movies Sat at rear of buses Sat at rear of buses

(front reserved for whites and could board bus first, if crowded they would be (front reserved for whites and could board bus first, if crowded they would be forced to give up their seat for whites)forced to give up their seat for whites)

Banned interracial marriage Banned interracial marriage Drinking fountainsDrinking fountainsPark benchesPark benchesKKK used arson, rape and lynchings as KKK used arson, rape and lynchings as

tools of terror keep AA powerless in Southtools of terror keep AA powerless in South

Segregation of SchoolsSegregation of Schools Black schools vs. white schools Black schools vs. white schools

Races would be forced to travel to ‘their’ school, no matter the Races would be forced to travel to ‘their’ school, no matter the distancedistance

At AA schools, there were fewer teachers, desks, supplies At AA schools, there were fewer teachers, desks, supplies Schools had no heat, no a/cSchools had no heat, no a/c Books were old and usedBooks were old and used Often no running water, and…Often no running water, and…

No buses for AA students, No buses for AA students, Often had to walk miles to schoolOften had to walk miles to school Whites received busing, best books, most qualified Whites received busing, best books, most qualified

Schools received $179/month for white students vs. $46/month for black Schools received $179/month for white students vs. $46/month for black studentsstudents The law stated that “Separate But Equal” was legal b/c technically the White The law stated that “Separate But Equal” was legal b/c technically the White

residence of town paid higher property taxes.residence of town paid higher property taxes.

Black schools vs. white schools Black schools vs. white schools Races would be forced to travel to ‘their’ school, no matter the Races would be forced to travel to ‘their’ school, no matter the

distancedistance At AA schools, there were fewer teachers, desks, supplies At AA schools, there were fewer teachers, desks, supplies Schools had no heat, no a/cSchools had no heat, no a/c Books were old and usedBooks were old and used Often no running water, and…Often no running water, and…

No buses for AA students, No buses for AA students, Often had to walk miles to schoolOften had to walk miles to school Whites received busing, best books, most qualified Whites received busing, best books, most qualified

Schools received $179/month for white students vs. $46/month for black Schools received $179/month for white students vs. $46/month for black studentsstudents The law stated that “Separate But Equal” was legal b/c technically the White The law stated that “Separate But Equal” was legal b/c technically the White

residents of town paid higher property taxes.residents of town paid higher property taxes.

Segregation of SchoolsSegregation of Schools

Brown v Bd of EducationBrown v Bd of Education