Segregation and Segregation and DiscriminationDiscriminationSummer School – Day 2Summer School – Day 2

Jim CrowJim Crow

southern southern Racial Racial SegregationSegregation in in place in schools, place in schools, hospitals, parks, hospitals, parks, and and transportation transportation systems. systems.

Ida B. WellsIda B. Wells

““Lynching and Lynching and the Excuse for it.”the Excuse for it.”

Pg 286Pg 286

Plessy and Jim CrowPlessy and Jim Crow

Voting RestrictionsVoting Restrictions

Poll TaxPoll Tax – annual tax that must be paid – annual tax that must be paid before qualifying to vote.before qualifying to vote. Excluded black as well as white Excluded black as well as white

sharecroppers.sharecroppers. Literacy TestLiteracy Test – had to prove literacy to be – had to prove literacy to be

able to vote. able to vote. Grandfather ClauseGrandfather Clause

For those who couldn’t pass literacy test or For those who couldn’t pass literacy test or pay poll taxpay poll tax

Can vote if you, your father, or grandfather Can vote if you, your father, or grandfather could vote before January 1, 1867 could vote before January 1, 1867

Plessy v FergusonPlessy v Ferguson

Separation of races in public was Separation of races in public was legal and did not violate the 14legal and did not violate the 14thth Amendment.Amendment.

Established the doctrine of Established the doctrine of “Separate but Equal.”“Separate but Equal.”

Legalized segregationLegalized segregation

IndustrializationIndustrializationSummer School – Day 2Summer School – Day 2

Industrialization Industrialization

1.1. Wealth of natural resourcesWealth of natural resources

2.2. Government support for businessGovernment support for business

3.3. Growing urban populationGrowing urban population Cheap laborCheap labor New MarketsNew Markets

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

Black Gold Black Gold

Oil boom Oil boom started in started in 1859.1859.

Titusville, PN Titusville, PN

Edwin Drake Edwin Drake successfully successfully drills for oil. drills for oil.

Bessemer Steel ProcessBessemer Steel Process

Iron is a soft metal.Iron is a soft metal.

Bessemer Steel ProcessBessemer Steel Process When carbon is removed, makes steel. When carbon is removed, makes steel. Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process – efficient process – efficient process

for making steel. for making steel.

Uses for steel.Uses for steel.

RailroadsRailroads Barbed wireBarbed wire Farm machinesFarm machines

Steel changed the Steel changed the face of the nation.face of the nation. Brooklyn BridgeBrooklyn Bridge SkyscrapersSkyscrapers

Inventions and ChangeInventions and Change

Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Light bulb (1880)Light bulb (1880) Electric PowerElectric Power

Electricity began to be used to run Electricity began to be used to run machines in factories and later machines in factories and later became available to homes. became available to homes.

Inventions spark changeInventions spark change

Christopher Sholes - Typewriter in 1867Christopher Sholes - Typewriter in 1867 Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone

18761876 Mass production of clothingMass production of clothing

New advances in technology increased New advances in technology increased standard of living and expanded the standard of living and expanded the availability of affordable products. availability of affordable products.

Ch 6, Sec 1 - ResourcesCh 6, Sec 1 - Resources

Age of RailroadsAge of Railroads

Railroads made local Railroads made local transit and westward transit and westward expansion possible expansion possible for people and for people and business.business.

Promontory, Utah Promontory, Utah May 10, 1869May 10, 1869 First Transcontinental First Transcontinental

RailroadRailroad

RailroadsRailroads

Railroad companies Railroad companies gave immigrants a gave immigrants a source of source of employmentemployment

Central Pacific Central Pacific RailroadRailroad Chinese Chinese immigrantsimmigrants

Union PacificUnion Pacific Irish immigrantsIrish immigrants

Railroads economic impactRailroads economic impact

Rapid increase in industry due to Rapid increase in industry due to railroad demands: iron, coal, steel, railroad demands: iron, coal, steel, lumber, glasslumber, glass

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion Nationwide new towns grew around Nationwide new towns grew around

the railroad lines. the railroad lines. Allowed people to move westward Allowed people to move westward

and maintain contact with the east.and maintain contact with the east.

Growth of RailroadsGrowth of Railroads

Interstate Commerce ActInterstate Commerce Act

Farmers fought with railroads for Farmers fought with railroads for fixing prices. fixing prices.

Interstate Commerce Act, 1887Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 – – gave the federal government the gave the federal government the right to supervise railroad activities. right to supervise railroad activities.

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

Carnegie Steel CompanyCarnegie Steel Company

1.1. Incorporated new machinery Incorporated new machinery and techniquesand techniques

2.2. Got talented people by offering Got talented people by offering stock in the companystock in the company

3.3. Tried to control as much of the Tried to control as much of the steel industry as possible. steel industry as possible.

Horizontal and Vertical Horizontal and Vertical IntegrationIntegration

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

Darwin’s theory of “natural selection”Darwin’s theory of “natural selection” Best-adaptive survive, weaker is weeded Best-adaptive survive, weaker is weeded

outout

Riches were a sign of God’s favorRiches were a sign of God’s favor

J. P. MorganJ. P. Morgan

Ran trust companiesRan trust companies

TrustsTrusts – businesses – businesses who buy stock in who buy stock in other businesses other businesses and run them as one and run them as one company. company.

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

Rockefeller controlled about 90 of Rockefeller controlled about 90 of crude oil production in 1880.crude oil production in 1880.

Ran competitors out of the market Ran competitors out of the market and raised prices. and raised prices.

Rockefeller and his counterparts Rockefeller and his counterparts became known as became known as Robber BaronsRobber Barons

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

Sherman Antitrust Act, Sherman Antitrust Act, 18901890

Made it illegal to form a trust that Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free tradeinterfered with free trade

Labor UnionsLabor Unions

Poor working conditions, long Poor working conditions, long hours, and no benefits were hours, and no benefits were common in Northern Industries.common in Northern Industries.

Unsafe conditions ledUnsafe conditions ledto injuries and deathto injuries and deathin factories. in factories.

Labor UnionsLabor Unions

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers was president of was president of the AFL.the AFL. American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor

Used Used collective bargainingcollective bargaining to get to get increases in pay, benefits, and increases in pay, benefits, and working conditions. working conditions.

Unions for Unskilled Unions for Unskilled WorkersWorkers

Eugene DebsEugene Debs American Railway UnionAmerican Railway Union

Skilled and semiskilled workers. Skilled and semiskilled workers.

Industrial Workers of the World Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)(IWW) Skilled and unskilled workers together.Skilled and unskilled workers together. Opened membership to African Opened membership to African

AmericansAmericans

Skill-builder ActivitySkill-builder Activity

1.1. What messages What messages do the images do the images and slogans and slogans convey to you?convey to you?

2.2. What do you find What do you find most persuasive most persuasive about this about this poster? Why?poster? Why?

Violence and StrikesViolence and Strikes

Great Strike of 1877Great Strike of 1877 President Hayes used federal troops to President Hayes used federal troops to

end the strike.end the strike.

Haymarket AffairHaymarket Affair Gathered in Chicago’s Haymarket Gathered in Chicago’s Haymarket

Square to protest police brutality of Square to protest police brutality of strikersstrikers

7 police and strikers were killed in 7 police and strikers were killed in chaos.chaos.

Union MembershipUnion Membership

American Industrial American Industrial RevolutionRevolution