Satu selvinen 2011
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Transcript of Satu selvinen 2011
• Finnish Riding Therapy
• Perception
• Sensory processing
• Body schemas
• Neuronal Group Selection Theory
• Central Pattern Generators
• Multisensory processing
• Postural Balance
• Mirror neuron mechanism
Gent 12.3.2011
Neurophysiological background for the effects of EAT based on studies in brain research
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Riding therapy is functional in its nature. It exposes the patient as a whole person to a total experience. This experience includes the entire body, its feelings, thoughts into a continuous sensory and motor experience. An experience shared by the rider, the horse and the total environment. A truly holistic experience.
FINNISH RIDING THERAPY
Monday, March 21, 2011
FINNISH RIDING THERAPY
Monday, March 21, 2011
Horse in therapy
Written study work
RIDINGTHERAPIST
Physiotherapeutic and occupational use of horse in
therapy
ORIENTATION
PRACTISE + SEMINAR
Educational, developmental and psychological use of horse in therapy
ORIENTATION
PRACTISE + SEMINAR
PRACTISE + SEMINAR
ORIENTATION
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
PERCEPTION
Perception refers to the person’s ability to understand, or make meaning out of the sensory input received through the sensory organs (such as the eyes and ears).
The perceptual process occurs through mechanisms in the brain that link the current sensory information with memories and past experiences with similar sensory information.
Kandel, E., Schwartz, J. & Jessell, T.(2000)
Monday, March 21, 2011
PERCEPTION
STIMULUS
SENSATION
INTERPRETATION
COMPREHENSION
Monday, March 21, 2011
PERCEPTION
Perception depends on both learning and maturation. Babies are not given the perceptual world with all its categories at birth. They actively create it through they experiences, memories and cognitive processes.
We have to learn how to see and hear with meaning. We develop our sensory processing skills and achieve the comprehension through interaction with the enviroment.
Bogdashina 2003
Monday, March 21, 2011
Human development is a blend of nature and nurture, genes and environment.
There is no cognitive, perceptual, emotional, or motor skill that is not influenced by both of these factors.
Brain development is "activity-dependent," meaning that the electrical activity in every circuit--sensory, motor, emotional, cognitive--shapes the way that circuit gets put together.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
The brain is made of nerve cells or neurons, which are
specialized to carry messages in our body.
The human brain has about 100 milliard neurons.
NEURONS
Monday, March 21, 2011
SYNAPSE
Information from one neuron to another flows
across a synapse.
Every neuron has thousands of connections
with other neurons.
Every synapse is able for hundreds of operations.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
ENTEROCEPTORS/ FAR SENSESseehearsmelltaste
EXTEROSCEPTORS/ NEAR SENSEStouch
pressuretemperature
pain
INTEROCEPTORS/INNER SENSESproprioception
vestibular
SENSORY SYSTEMS
Monday, March 21, 2011
TACTILE SYSTEM
MECHANORECEPTORS OF THE SKIN
Monday, March 21, 2011
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
Monday, March 21, 2011
RECEPTORS OF VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS AND OTOLITH ORGANS
Monday, March 21, 2011
PROPRIOCEPTION
GOLGI TENDON ORGAN MUSCLE SPINDEL
Monday, March 21, 2011
Sense organs start to work when something stimulates receptors.
Once stimulated, the receptors send nerve impulses along sensory nerves.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Most of the sensory information (except smell) passes through the thalamus and then to the opposite hemisphere of the cortex.
The signals from each sensory organ are processed in specialized areas of the brain.
When the information reach the cerebral cortex we become conscious of the stimuli and the brain tell us what the stimulus is.
Monday, March 21, 2011
BODY SCHEMAS
Monday, March 21, 2011
• Body schemas are the internal representations of the anatomy and dynamics of the body in the brain.
• They are built up by sensory information.
BODY SCHEMAS
Monday, March 21, 2011
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
SENSORY HOMUNCULUS
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
PROPRIOCEPTION
AUDITIVE
VISUAL
TASTE
TOUCH
BODY SCHEMAS
VESTIBULAR
TEMPERATURE
Monday, March 21, 2011
PROPRIOCEPTION
AUDITIVE
VISUAL
TASTE
TOUCH
BODY SCHEMAS
VESTIBULAR
TEMPERATURE
SMELL
PRESSURE
Monday, March 21, 2011
• Body schemas are needed for the awareness of the body and for motor planning, they are essential to all voluntary movements.
• Body schemas have essential properties required for multisensory integration.
• They are a key element of self-conciousness and they form a basis for social cognition.
BODY SCHEMAS
Monday, March 21, 2011
4 y 9 m 11 y
DRAW A PERSON TEST (Cook 1988)
Monday, March 21, 2011
4 y 9 m 11 y
DRAW A PERSON TEST (Cook 1988)
Monday, March 21, 2011
• Sensory profile provides a standard method for measuring and reporting sensory processing abilities in everyday life.
• It provides a tool for linking performance strengths and barriers with sensory processing patterns.
• Each measure describes a person's response to various sensory experiences.
• Caregivers complete the questionnaire.
SENSORY PROFILE ( Dunn 2001)
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Refer to the amount of stimuli required for a neuron or neuron system to respond.
When the nervous system responds really quickly to a sensory stimulus, there is a low threshold = hyper-responsive (or overresponsive)
When the nervous system responds more slowly than expected, there is a high threshold = hypo-responsive (or under responsive) for responding.
Dunn 2003
NEUROLOGICAL THRESHOLDS
Monday, March 21, 2011
• The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Sensory Profile (SP) were completed by teachers and parents to assess social functioning at three times: pre-and-post intervention and a two month follow-up.
• The means between the treatment and control groups at post-test indicated significant group differences on the following SP scales: Sensory seeking, emotionally reactive, inattention/distractibility, and sensory sensitivity.
The Effects of Equine Assisted Activities on the Social Functioning of Children with Autism
Margaret M. Bass, Ph.D. Maria Llabre, Ph.D.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Sensory information is critical not only for the development of the central nervous system but also for the adaptation to the surrounding world and for
moving and learning.
The ability to relate sensory input to motor output forms the basis of posture control development.
Hadders-Algra 2005
SENSORY INFORMATION
Monday, March 21, 2011
SENSORY INPUT
MOTOR OUTPUT
Monday, March 21, 2011
Normal development is coded by genes until 4 months of age.
Feedback of child’s own moving is important to the normal development.
This selection process creates favored muscle synergies or functional strategies for performing movements associated with desired actions from among the many combinations of movements that could be effective.
Hadders-Algra 2002
Monday, March 21, 2011
The development of postural muscle activation patterns in sitting infants.
NEURAL CONTROL OF HUMAN MOTOR DEVELOPMENT (H.Forsberg )
Monday, March 21, 2011
Locomotion and other rhythmic motor behaviours are based on the activity of spinal functional networks generating the rhythm and shaping the pattern of burts of motoneurons.
These networks are called central pattern generators, CPGs, which are capable producing coordinated movements which require afferent and supraspinal input.
(Grillner, 1986, Forsberg and Dietz 1997)
CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATORS (CPGs)
Monday, March 21, 2011
The evidence for existence of CPGs comes from newborns; infant stepping is initiated or triggered by peripheral stimuli. (Zehr and Duysens 2004)
Another evidence is in persons with paraplegia; locomotor EMG activity and movements can be both elicited and trained. (Dietz 1997)
CPGs are active controllers of human rhythmic movements.
CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATORS
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
• The fine regulation of rhythmic human movements typified by locomotion can be understood as the sublime interaction of a triparte system consisting of supraspinal input, spinal central pattern generating circuits (CPG), and sensory feedback (Zehr 2004)
• Sensory feedback is an integral part of the over all and is critical in modifying CPG-generated motor programs in online adaptations to environment (MacKay-Lyons 2002, Dietz 2003)
• The control of locomotion involves the use of afferent information from variety of sources in the visual, vestibular, tactile and proprioceptive systems (Dietz 2003)
SENSORY FEEDBACK
Monday, March 21, 2011
It is well documented that rhythmic and repetitive proprioceptive and tactile input indicates changes in the anatomy and function of the sensomotor cortex. (Kaas JH et al,1999)
Also passive repetitive proprioceptive stimulation change the representation of the used body part.
Lewis GN 2004
SENSORY INPUT
Monday, March 21, 2011
To be effective, the sensory information must be meaningful for the person; the activity must produce pleasure or lead to the wanted goal.
If the brain of a person cannot give meaning for the sensory information produced by the means of an activity, the brain slowly ignores the
Monday, March 21, 2011
Movement, in it´s effectiveness, can take place of any other modality, but no therapeutic modality in the world can replace the effect of movement.
Clemens Josef Tissot 1750-1826
Monday, March 21, 2011
As research techniques and technology become more sophisticated, scientists and practioners gain knowledge and achieve a better understanding of the complexity of the CNS.
Monday, March 21, 2011
University of Rostock, Germany 2011
Basic neurobiological and psychological mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of Equine Assisted Activities (EAA/T)
The activation of the oxytocin system is indirectly operationalized via measuring a set of indicators capturing the well investigated effects of oxytocin on stress (cortisol, heart
rate), trust, and social behavior.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Vanderbuilt Brain Istitute, Multisensory Research Laboratory, USA 2011
Altered Multisensory Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
A better characterization of some of the fundamental aspects of (multi)sensory processing will represent an
important step forward in our understanding of ASD, and should shed important insights into the neural substrates of this complex developmental disorder, as well as inform the design of more effective interventional strategies. Both
sensory and multisensory processes are impacted in Autism.
Monday, March 21, 2011
PLASTICITY
Plasticity is the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways on the basis of new experiences.
Learning and memory are classical examples of neuroplasticity.
Monday, March 21, 2011
MULTISENSORY INTEGRATION
= MULTIMODAL INTEGRATION MULTISENSORY PROCESSING
A STUDY HOW DIFFERENT SENSORY MODALITIES ARE INTEGRATED BY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
HOW HOW THEY INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER AND ALTER EACH OTHERʼS
PROCESSING.
Monday, March 21, 2011
• The International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF) facilitates communication between scientists who work with sensory systems in which more than one sense modality plays a role. We seek to include any and all sense modalities, species, scientific disciplines, and perspectives (anatomical, cognitive, behavioral, computational, developmental, engineering, physiological, and others).
www.imrf.info
Monday, March 21, 2011
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175.0000
350.0000
525.0000
700.0000
Auditory MultisensoryVisual
*
Multisensory Enhancement
• Performance enhancement is larger for multisensory than unisensory stimuli
• Selective attention modulates multisensory integration
• Altered multisensory processing in dyslexia
Wake Forrest University
Monday, March 21, 2011
Multisensory enviroment
MS is an interactive environment that generates real time stimuli of different senses.
SNOEZELEN
Snoezelen is a non-directive therapy and can be staged to provide a multi-sensory experience or single sensory focus, simply by adapting the lighting, atmosphere, sounds, and textures to the specific needs of the client at the time of use.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Multisensoring marketing
Joshua G. Giordimaina 2008
Multisensory marketing and sensory branding is based on the idea that we are most likely to form, retain and revisit memory when all five senses are engaged.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Entering the subconscious
Multi-Sensory Marketing
Monday, March 21, 2011
www.magicofnuuksio.com
Monday, March 21, 2011
”Sometimes when other kids spoke to me I would sc arcely hear, then sometimes they sounded like bullets.”
”I did not see whole. I saw hair, i saw eyes, nose, mouth, chin…not face”
” Together, the sharp sounds and the bright lights were more than enough to oveload my sense. My head would feel tight, my stomach would churn, and my pulse would run my heart ragged until i found a safety zone.”
Monday, March 21, 2011
Rubber Hand IllusionEhrsson, Spence, & Passingham (2004)
Monday, March 21, 2011
THE PINOCCHIO ILLUSION
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Spatial, temporal and physical characteristics of the sensory
stimuli that are combined critically determine how they are synthesized.
Thus, multisensory stimuli that are in close physical proximity, that occur at or near the same moment in time, that are weakly effective on their own, and that are contextually similar result in enhanced neural activity
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Poor balance is often associated with neurological disorders and behind balance problems there are often impairments in sensory systems and body awareness.
Deficits in sensory integration processes are often suspected as an underlying source of balance disorders in individuals who have sustained brain changes due to disease, trauma or aging.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
INTEGRATION OF SENSORY INPUTS
Monday, March 21, 2011
INTEGRATION OF SENSORY INPUTS
MOTOR PLANNING
Monday, March 21, 2011
INTEGRATION OF SENSORY INPUTS
MUSCULAR EXECUTION
MOTOR PLANNING
Monday, March 21, 2011
INTEGRATION OF SENSORY INPUTS
ATTENTIONMUSCULAR EXECUTION
MOTOR PLANNING
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
VISUAL SYSTEM
photoreceptors of the retina
Monday, March 21, 2011
VISUAL SYSTEM
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
photoreceptors of the retina
receptors of semicircular canals and otolith organs
in the inner ear
Monday, March 21, 2011
VISUAL SYSTEMTACTILE SYSTEM
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
photoreceptors of the retina
mechanoreceptors of the skin
receptors of semicircular canals and otolith organs
in the inner ear
Monday, March 21, 2011
VISUAL SYSTEMTACTILE SYSTEM
VESTIBULAR SYSTEMPROPRIOCEPTION
photoreceptors of the retina
mechanoreceptors of the skin
receptors of semicircular canals and otolith organs
in the inner ear
proprioreceptors of muscle spindles, golgi
tendon organ and joints
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
Monday, March 21, 2011
CAN YOU HEAR AND FEEL THE SMILE?
Monday, March 21, 2011
MIRROR NEURON MECHANISM
• Enables us to understand all the aspects of other´s behaviour, which is the basis for the social organization.
• Enables imitation learning, which is at the basis of human culture.
• Play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation.
• There is relationship between the mirror-neuron system and language.
Monday, March 21, 2011
MCGURK EFFECT
BA + GA = DA
Monday, March 21, 2011
• Primary problems in CNS, Brain injury, upper motor neuron lesion
• Intact peripheral nerves, muscles, bones and joints; abnormalities secondary due to development, abnormal use and growth
• Not only a motor problem and the level of severity in motor and additional problems varies
• Often hyper- or hyporesponding sensory systems
CP
Monday, March 21, 2011
• the child uses what she/he finds useful using compensatory patterns
• the child has no experience of normal movement patterns
• the child has not born spastic but the spasticity develops with function
CP
Monday, March 21, 2011
• To increase awareness of the trunk/limb
• Functional goals/ selective movements
• Reciprocal movements/agonist-antagonist
• To increase muscle strength and balance
NeuroMuscularElectroStimulation on sensory level Helena Mäenpää 2010
Monday, March 21, 2011
Bivelee it or not, rcesrhaeers at Cmabrigde hvae dirvoseced taht the oredr of ltteers in a wrod deson't rlaley matter. The olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer are in the rghit pclae. Eevn if the rset are tolatly julebmd up you can sitll raed it. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn barin deos not raed ecah lteter invuddilialy, but inesatd renisgoecs the wrod as a wlohe.
Monday, March 21, 2011
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BEDANKT EN TOT ZIENS !
Monday, March 21, 2011