Sanitation in Developing Countries
18
20 January 2013 Key Issues in Sanitation and Pit-emptying Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) University of Bristol – Feb, 2013
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Transcript of Sanitation in Developing Countries
20 January 2013
Key Issues in Sanitation and Pit-emptying
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
and Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) University of Bristol – Feb, 2013
Mansoor Ali
What is Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)? – Is it a hope?
Why 2.5 billion people do not
have access to improved
sanitation?
Discussion on Two Major
Approaches on Improving
Sanitation
Rural; Community Led Total
Sanitation (CLTS)
Urban; Orangi Pilot Project on Lane
Sewers
What do we mean by sanitation
improvement?
CLTS and OPP Framing of the
problem
Lack of demand
Do not have money
Do not like toilets
Expensive technologies
Lack of organisation
Waiting for government and donors
Do not understand health impact
CLTS – Key Features
Key - triggering through shame – talk shit
Focus on natural local leaders
No upfront subsidy for material etc.
Villagers take the collective responsibility
Entire village becomes “Open Defecation
Free (ODF)”
People decide technologies and standards
Possible reward after ODF declaration
Village to village replication
How CLTS is different from conventional approaches? Conventional Approach;
•Starts with data, planning and design
• Technical designs and costing set the pathway for the action
• Government role and regulation are important
• Operation and maintenance is planned
• Up-front subsidies are part of investment
• Large investments needed
CLTS Approach
•Starts with the addressing the change in attitude with triggering
• Community takes the responsibility and design themselves
• Community processes are more important
• Community will do this themselves
• Subsidies are discouraged
• Small investments needed
OPP – Key Features
Motivational meeting in the community
Lane organisation and lane manager
Technical support; plan, designs, cost
estimate, supervision, tools and shuttering
No subsidy and no reward
Lane group collect and manage money
Lobby for government support
Health, education and loans available
A demonstration area/ physical model
20 January 2013
20 January 2013
Technology Differences
OPP low cost lane sewers with a septic tank
CLTS – mainly on-site with community
deciding the standards
People behind CLTS and OPP
Kamal Kar
Robert Chamber
Lyla Mehta
Akhtar Hameed Khan
Arif Hasan
Perveen Rahman
Sources of Further Information
IDS, University of Sussex
Orangi Pilot Project
Akhtar Hameed Khan Trust
Water and Sanitation Programme
(WSP
UNICEF
Book; Shit Mattter
Books; Various by Arif Hasan
Choose your debate
Debate 1; CLTS allows people to
choose technologies and
standards, although this
empowers them, but end-up with
very poor quality toilets – so no
health impact?
Agree, disagree, continue,
change
Choose your debate
Debate 2; OPP only transfers wastewater (the problem) from lanes to large drains, although this systems empowers people but creates problems for others? Agree, disagree, continue, change
