SANIMAS SYSTEMIN INDONESIA

1

Yuyun ISMAWATIBALIFOKUS Foundation

Presented at International Year of Sanitation Follow Up ConferenceTokyo, 25-27 January 2010

PROBLEM OVERVIEWAbout 45% of the population live in urban areas  2020: about 60%Lack of basic sanitation infrastructure endangers public health especially of vulnerable women and children in poor urban settlements Public sanitation utilities providers found it increasingly difficult to supply services to poor settlements due to social and economic barriers

2

PROBLEM OVERVIEW IN FIGURES• 75 million people in Indonesia lack of basic sanitation• Less than 5% of the population served by conventional 

sewerage systems• About 19% of children below 3 death cases per year due 

to diarrhea• The economic loses due to inadequate sanitation and 

sewage treatment infrastructure is estimated to be about US$ 47 billions per year (about 2% from GDP)

• About 400 septage sludge treatment plants in many cities are not functioning well

• 54.16% non‐piped water and 33.34% of piped water inmost of urban centers are contaminated by E.Coli

UMBRELLA POLICY SIGNED 5 MINISTRIES (2003)

• Water and environmental sanitation type of services:– Type A ‐ Institutional‐based: 

PDAM, BLUD, private, etc.– Type B ‐ Jointly‐based: 

neighborhood scale, managed by community, connected to the city system managed by PDAM/ BLUD, etc.

– Type C ‐ Community‐based: managed by community, infrastructures provided by governments

COMMUNITY‐BASED SANITATIONSANIMAS (Sanitasi Oleh Masyarakat)

(SANITATION BY COMMUNITY)

Sanitation framework (incl. methodology, technology, organization, operation & 

maintenance) that aims to improve hygiene behavior and sanitation infrastructure 

sustainable manner in specific, poor and densely populated areas and hence reflects the preferences of the target communities. 

CBS SANIMAS OBJECTIVES

To improve the sanitation condition of the urban poor communities with participatory approach

To promote and implement community‐based sanitation as one of the city’s sanitation options by the municipality

6

SANITATION SERVICE OPTIONS AND LEVELS

Access Level Infrastructure Type

Infrastructure Owner

Investment Decision

Maker

Options for Service

Operators

Household Level

Household infrastructure (e.g. septic tanks; VIP or Pour Flush latrines)

Private household ownership

Household Donors Government

HH self-provision Private NGO

Neighborhood/Community Level

Feeder infrastructure (e.g. feeder sewerage; community treatment plant)

Private community good or Community public good

Community ownership with exclusive rights

Government NGO

Community (informal or formally established)

Government Donors NGO

Formal/Informal Community Mgt.

Private NGO Local government

agency Central

government agency

Citywide Level

Trunk Infrastructure

Public good Local Government

ownership

Local Government

PDAM BPAL Private

SANIMAS FILLS THE GAP

Costs

Conveni ent

OnOn‐‐site sanitationsite sanitation

Conventional sewerage

CBS / SANIMAS

MAIN CBS SANIMAS OPTIONS

Simplified SewerageSystem

Shared Septic Tank

Community Sanitation Centre

No SANIMAS YEAR SOURCE OF FUNDS PROVINCE CITY/ REGENCY

LOCATIONS

1 SANIMAS 1 2001‐2003

AusAID, Local Govts.BORDA, communities

2 6 7

2 SANIMAS 2 2004 BAPPENAS, Local Govts.BORDA, communities

2 7 8

3 SANIMAS 3 2005 Min.of Public Works, Local Govts. BORDA, communities

4 13 15

4 SANIMAS 4 2006 Min.of Public Works, Local Govts. BORDA, communities

15 67 79

5 SANIMAS 5 2007 Min.of Public Works, Local Govts. , Provincial govts., BORDA, communities

17 68 86

6 SANIMAS 6 2008 Min.of Public Works, Local Govts. Provincial govt. BORDA, communities

12 61 96

SANIMAS 2003‐2008

SANIMAS IMPLEMENTATIONS UNTIL 2008

Banten East Java

West Java

North Sumatera

Central Java South Sulawesi

Yogyakarta Bali

West Sumatera

NTB

South East Sulawesi

East Kalimantan

South KalimantanCentral Kalimantan

NTT

GorontaloNorth Sulawesi

Riau Bangka Belitung

12

13

SANIMAS BENEFICIARIES AND WASTE WATER TREATED UNTIL 2009

14

YearNo. of 

Households

No. beneficiaries (populations)

Waste water treated and discharged (m3/day)

2003 450 2.558 2192004 489 2.369 1772005 898 4.010 2532006 3.481 15.587 1.2002007 6.671 33.021 2.3872008 3.962 28.728 2.1122009 3.249 24.800 2.381

TOTAL  19.200 111.073 8.729

MULTI‐SOURCES OF FINANCING

Year

Community contribution Local 

Government Provincial 

Government Bappenas/ PU  BORDA   TOTAL 

(x 1000)  (x 1000)  (x 1000)  (x 1000)    (x 1000)  (x 1000)   

In‐kind  In‐cash  In‐cash  In‐cash  In‐cash Capacity building

2003 39.519  41.140.    986.044  ‐ 448.362  29.073  ‐ 1.544.139 

2004 51.862  32.930  1.008.879  ‐ 552.825  350.115  200.000  2.196.613 

2005 92.920  43.797  1.687.126  ‐ 856.783  299.182  275.000  3.254.809 

2006 502.912  292.912  8.330.124  ‐ 4.900.000  1.175.000  1.800.600  17.001.548 

2007 610.659  382.922  15.538.842  250.000  8.400.000  ‐ 2.345.000  27.527.425 

2008263.175 

394.763  14.866.166  750.000  9.045.000  ‐ 3.050.000  28.369.105 

2009370.586 

336.897  20.298.825  750.000  10.131.355  ‐ 4.320.000  28.369.105 

TOTAL  

1.931.633  1.484.221  62.716.006  1.750.000  34.334.325  1.853.370  11.990.600  108.262.744 (x1000 IDR)

TOTAL (US$) $     207.703  $        159.594  $     6.743.657  $         188.172  $     3.691.863  $     199.287  $ 1.289.312  $    11.641.155 

500% INCREASED

16

CBS/SANIMAS PRINCIPLES

• Demand Responsive Approach

• Self‐selection process• Informed Choices • Multi‐sources of financing

• Participatory• Capacity building

17

DEWATS(Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System) 

DEWATS is modular treatment plant, part of the the modules have effective technical standard, reliable 

and affordable.

DEWATS CHARACTERISTICS

Functioning efficiently in affordable price

Prioritizing the easiness for maintenance

No energy input required

Cannot be turn ON or oFF 

Shock load resistant

DEWATSMODULES 

Biodigester as settler unit Septick tank as settler unit

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor unit Anaerobic Filter unit

Horizontal Gravel Filter unit Aerobic pond unit

INFORMED CHOICES

Disposal/Reuse

Component

COMMUNITY-BASED SANITATIONWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM OPTIONS

TreatmentComponent

PipingComponent

Toilet Component

Options

Options

Options

Options

Operation &MaintenanceComponent

Options

22

COMPONENT 1: TOILET

Simple

Convenient

Cheap

Expensive

Non‐permanent toilet outside the house

Permanent toilet outside the house

Inside the house

23

COMPONENT 2: PIPING SYSTEM

Simple

Complicated

Open channel

Simplified sewerage system

Conventionalsystem

Cheap

Expensive

24

COMPONENT 3: TREATMENTPrimary, secondary and advance treatment

Low efficiency

High efficiency

Septic tank

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Cheap

Expensive

25

R T. 03 RW II, L IN G K UN G AN M A SJID , K EL UR AH A N K AU M A N K O TA BLITAR

K ET ER A NG A N

IPA L

R U M A H PEN D U D U K

M U SH O LA

S EK O LA H

7,7 m

8000 400 16001200 2000

U

1

Sung

ai L

ahar

IP AL 36

31

29

27

8 ,4 m

30

28

54

P 16

11,7 m56

16 ,6 m

55

P8

14 m

46

35

5,5 mP9 47

2 ,7 m

P 10

26

25

24

P0

P 6

10,63 m22 23

35 m1 2 43

30 m

3216 m

33 34

P 5

7

5

8

P 49

6

12,5 m

Design ini dibuat o leh T eam DEW A TS Project IndonesiaDilarang m em perbanyak tanpa se ijin D EW AT S Project Indonesia

64

63

51

P 12'

5758

P 15 16 m

59 60

49

P 10'

50

11,5 m42

43

P 13

61 62

52

53

44

4512,5 m

Jl. M

asj id

Ut a

ra

3 9

12

3837

22,3 m

13

11

10

20

P 1

40 41

18 19

1614 15 17

Jl. A rjuna

18.80 m

12,3 mP 2

P 3

21

48

13,30 mP 11

P 12

P 14

P6

A . S uyosin

R om adhonS ukardiSuw ardiM unaw ir

Yatun / Agus

BasukiSundari

Tusiyar

S unardiW arsini

M ariah

A nw ar

Siti .A

W agiran

SupartiR ohm iW idji

Eko H P

Imron

Sofyan

Suw andi

W akim un

S uw arti

PuryantoA dib ASujono

Purnom o

Edi Suy itnoSeiroji 2

Siti

U mb ari II

L asm i

H . Suyitno

G iono M ukayat W ariyoto

Sum arlanTamyis N ari

Suparm an

K asto K ham id

Eko PrisBanjar

Toha

Y anu arso S tot Sanjaya

K em ato

S uw arji

W ahyu Im am B M iko Sum ini Sanim an B udiono S utrisno M anirah Edi L

Supriyono

R u di

Zaena l F .

Indah

N urhadi

Seiroji 1

H aryonoM arkun L anjar

K asw an

Jarno

Um b ari I

42S ugianto

COMMUNITY MAPPING

26

Construction

Pelatihan & Pemberdayaan Masyarakat USERS’ AWARENESS CAMPAIGN

29

30

Pasuruan - I Denpasar - IBlitar - I

Blitar - II

Denpasar - II Denpasar - III

In general, the upper structures are in good condition

All of the system managed by Community‐based Organization committee

Some of them used for public spaces

Buleleng- I

INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT QUALITY

31

Pasuruan ‐ I Blitar ‐ I Denpasar ‐ I

Blitar ‐ II

INFLUENTEFFLUEN

T

Denpasar ‐ II

EFFLUENTINFLUENT

Denpasar ‐ III

OUTLET

INLET

BOD5 effluent = < 50 mg/l (national standard BOD5 = 100 mg/l)

SANIMAS I

Pasuruan Mojokerto Kediri

SANIMAS II

Mojokerto I – ABR 5&6 Pasuruan II – ABR 8&9

Kediri II – AF last chamber

Sidoarjo II – ABR 4&5 Pamekasan II – ABR 4

Sidoarjo III – ABR last chamber

ABR & AF

34

OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE COST

SIMPLIFIED SEWERAGE SYSTEM – FOR 1 CBS UNIT SERVED 750 P.E

OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE COST IDR/month

I.   Toilet  Responsibility of each householdII.  Household connection

III. Main pipe and Wastewater treatment plant maintenance

1. Operator fees, 4 times a month, @ Rp. 25.000,‐ / inspection

100,000.00

2. Desludging every 2 years (Rp. 500.000,‐/24 months) 21,000.00

3. Miscellaneous 45,000.00

Total O&M Cost 166,000.00

Retribution / HH/ Month 1,952.94

Rounded 2,000.00

Retribution / HH/ Month US$ 0,22

35

OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE COST

COMMUNITY SANITATION CENTER – FOR 250 P.E

I.  OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE COSTS

ITEM REMARKS IDR /MONTH*

1. Operator  salary Based on the city’s standard 420,000.00

2. Electricity 1300 Watt (for water pump and lightings)

180,000.00

3. Desludging every 2 yrs Rp. 500,000,‐/ 2 years 21,000.00

4. Cleaning utencils Soap, etc. 60,000.00

5. Pump reparation Rp. 100,000,‐ / year 9,000.00

6. Others Miscellaneous 75,000.00

Total O&M Cost 765,000.00

II. REVENUES

FACILITY Rp. / Use

1. Bathroom 150 ‐ 500

2. Toilet 150 ‐ 500

3. Washing and water use 150 ‐ 500

* Note: 1 Yen = 100 IDR

LESSONS LEARNTMonitoring:

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) conducted every 6 months  the index improved up to 20%Monitoring forms (technical, institutions, financing) submitted every month  SANIMAS AwardSanitation Jamboree will be attended by 1000 CBOs members (AKSANSI) and field facilitators

Maintenance:Minor maintenance done by community, major maintenance bear by the relevant agencyDesludging service covered by relevant agencyEffluent monitoring done by relevant agency

36

THE WAY FORWARD2010 – 2014: open defecation free achieved through the provision of 5% sewerage system, 5% communal sanitation system, and 90% septic tanksBudget plan:projected to be increased up to 500% of the 2009 national budgetLaw enforcement, regulations and local political willAdequate city sanitation facilities Monitoring, evaluation and asset management issuesReplicability in other countries: India, Philippine, Zambia (P‐LOCSAN)

37

BORDA Partner Network Indonesia

Jl. Angga Jaya I No.282, Condongcatur, Yogyakarta. Telp/Fax: 0274 – 881751. Email: dewats@idola.net.id, www.lptp.or.id

Komplek Sastra Plaza Blok A Kav. 25 Jl. Gatot Subroto No.31 Tangerang 15134. Telp/fax: 021-55650129. Email: best.126@dnet.net.id, www.best.or.id

Mandalawangi No. 5, Jl. Tukad Tegal Wangi – Sesetan, Denpasar 80223. Telp/fax: 0361-233520. Email: balifokus@balifokus.asia, www.balifokus.asia

Kayen 176, Jl. Kaliurang Km. 6.6, Yogyakarta 55283 - IndonesiaTlp/fax: 0274 – 888273, Email: borda@idola.net.idURL: http://www.borda.de/borda-sea

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION