SAMPLE Biomechanics PowerPoint · If weight is small, and air resistance is large then the flight...
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OCR Physical Education AS / A-Level Biomechanics PowerPoint Summaries This resource has been written by Ali Woodward for PEfocus and has been designed to support teaching and learning of the ‘new’ OCR AS and GCE/A-Level PE specification for teaching from September 2016. All content mirrors the OCR biomechanics specification perfectly. The resource comprises: ü40 full colour / fully animated teacher slides üStudent slides as PDFs – with gaps to fill ( üTeacher slides as PDFs – with ‘answers’ This resource can be used to present new work, for summing up topic areas and for consolidation at the end of the course. We really hope that you and your learners will find it both engaging and helpful. Here are just a few sample slides – we hope you love them! Both teacher and student slides are included (the latter will be supplied as PDF file for photocopying)
Transcript of SAMPLE Biomechanics PowerPoint · If weight is small, and air resistance is large then the flight...
OCR Physical EducationAS / A-Level BiomechanicsPowerPoint SummariesThis resource has been written by Ali Woodward for PEfocus and has been designed to supportteaching and learning of the ‘new’ OCR AS and GCE/A-Level PE specification for teaching fromSeptember 2016.
All content mirrors the OCR biomechanics specification perfectly.The resource comprises:
ü40 full colour / fully animated teacher slidesüStudent slides as PDFs – with gaps to fill (üTeacher slides as PDFs – with ‘answers’
This resource can be used to present new work, for summing up topic areas and for consolidationat the end of the course.
We really hope that you and your learners will find it both engaging and helpful.
Herearejustafewsampleslides– wehopeyoulove
them!Bothteacherandstudent
slidesareincluded(thelatterwillbesuppliedasPDFfilefor
photocopying)
Biomechanics – student slides
The aim is for students to build their own bank of biomechanics knowledge that can be used throughout the course as well as at the end for review.
A favoured layout is to print two slides per A3 sheet; this appeals to students who often find the large visual style manageable, engaging and valuable as a supplement to their other notes and resources.
Sets of these student slides (PDFs) can be given to students as they start a topic area. They can work on the set slide by slide as each element of work is completed (e.g. Newton’s Laws); or as a whole topic area once it has been ‘covered’. This can be done in class or as a homework / private study task
Student slides can be posted on secure areas of centres’ intranet/moodle platforms for easy access and further assimilation.
It is highly recommended that students check the accuracy of their work/completed worksheets against a printed copy of the teacher slides. (NB – agreed Terms and Conditions limit access to the full colour animated PowerPoint slides to staff only)
Definition:Theacceleration(orrateofchangeinmomentum)ofabodyisproportionaltothesizeoftheforceappliedandtakesplaceinthedirectioninwhichtheforceacts.
f=ma
Definition:Foreveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.Thereactionforceisequalinsizeandopposite indirectiontotheactionforce.
Example1:theaccelerationofanetballduringapassisproportional totheforcefromtheplayer’shandsandisinthesamedirectionastheforce.
Example1:whenserving ,atennisplayerpushesdownwardsontheground(actionforce)andthegroundpushes upwardsontheplayer(normalreactionforce).
Example2:Arunnerwillremainatconstantvelocityinthemiddle ofaraceunless anunbalanced forceactsonthem.Therunnerwillaccelerateforwardsifanunbalancedforwardsforce(friction)acts.
Example2:Theaccelerationoftherunnerduringthesprintfinish isproportional tothesizeofthefrictionforcegeneratedandinthesamedirectionasthatforce(forwards)
Example1:afootballwillremainatrestonthepenaltyspotuntilaforceisappliedfromtheplayersfoot.
Biomechanicalprinciples:Newton’slawsofmotion1.1
Newton’sfirstlaw:Lawofinertia
Newton’ssecondlaw:Lawofacceleration
Newton’sthirdlaw:Lawofreaction
Definition:Abodywillremaininastateofrestoruniformvelocityunlessacteduponbyanexternalorunbalancedforce.
Example2:Therunnerpushesbackwardsonthetrack(actionforce)andthetrackpushesforwardsontherunner(reactionforce,inthiscasefriction)
Definition:Theacceleration(orrateofchangeinmomentum)ofabodyis...
Definition:Foreveryactionthereis...
Example1:theaccelerationofanetballduringapassisproportional ...
Example1:whenserving ,atennisplayerpushesdownwardsontheground(actionforce)andthe...
Example2:Arunnerwillremainatconstantvelocityinthemiddle ofaraceunless…
Therunnerwillaccelerateforwardsif…
Example2:Theaccelerationoftherunnerduringthesprintfinish isproportional to…
Example1:afootballwillremainatrestonthepenaltyspotuntil...
Definition:Abodywillremaininastateof...
Biomechanicalprinciples:Newton’slawsofmotion1.1
Newton’sfirstlaw:Lawof…………………
Newton’ssecondlaw:Lawof……………………..
Newton’sthirdlaw:Lawof………………..
Example2:Therunnerpushesbackwardsonthetrack(actionforce)and…
Elbowextension
F
L
E
Levers:Classesofleverandmechanicaladvantage2.2
Leversareclassifieddependingontheorderofplacementofthefulcrum,loadandeffortinthelever
Toidentifytheclassoflever,lookatwhichfeatureisbetween theothertwo…FLE123
Middlefeature:Fulcrum=Firstclass
Middlefeature:Load=Secondclass
Middlefeature:Effort=Thirdclass
Elbowflexion
FLE
FL
E
Plantarflexion:fulcrumistheballofthefoot
AlmostallleversinthehumanbodyarethirdclassMechanicaladvantageofsecondclasslevers
Theeffectofaforcewithinaleversystemdependsontwofactors:
1.Thesizeoftheforce:greaterforce=greatereffect2.Thedistancefromtheforcetothefulcrum:Thegreaterthedistancethegreatertheeffect
Iftheeffortisfurtherfromthefulcrumthantheload,thenlesseffortforceisneededtomovetheloadand/oragreaterloadforcecanbemoved
Effortarm>loadarm=mechanicaladvantageThisappliestosecondclasslevers
E
LF
Effortarm
Load arm
Mechanicaladvantageofasecond classleverexplainswhytheentirebodyweightcanbemovedeasilybycontractionof
thegastrocnemiusduringplantarflexion
Elbowextension
F
L
E
Levers:Classesofleverandmechanicaladvantage2.2
Leversareclassifieddependingontheorderofplacementofthe________________and__________inthe lever
Toidentifytheclassoflever,lookatwhichfeatureisbetween theothertwo…FLE123
Middlefeature:Fulcrum=________
Middlefeature:Load=_________class
Middlefeature:Effort=________class
Elbowflexion
FLE
FL
E
Plantarflexion:fulcrumistheballofthefoot
Almostallleversinthehumanbodyare____________Mechanicaladvantageofsecondclasslevers
Theeffectofaforcewithinaleversystemdependsontwofactors:
1.
2.
Iftheeffortisfurtherfromthefulcrumthantheload…
Effortarm>loadarm =
E
LF
Effortarm
Load arm
Mechanicaladvantageofasecond classleverexplainswhytheentirebodyweightcanbemovedeasilybycontractionof
thegastrocnemiusduringplantarflexion
Linearmotion:Examplesofspeed/timeandvelocity/timegraphs4.5
Aspeed/timegraphshowinga)Swimmeracceleratingfromthestartb)Sprintingattopspeedc)Stoppingatwall
Time(s)
Speed(m/s)
ab
c
Avelocity/timegraphshowinga)Aswimmeracceleratingfromthestartb)Sprintingattopspeedc)Turningatwalld)Sprintingasecondlengthe)Stoppingatthewall
Time(s)
Velocity(m/s)
ab
c
d
e
Avelocity/timegraphshowinga)Adiverpushingagainsttheboardb)Pointoftakeofffromboardc)Reachingmaximumheightintheaird)Entrytowatere)Decelerationtobottom ofpool
Time(s)
Velocity(m/s)
a b
c
d
e
*GCE/A-levelonly
Linearmotion:Examplesofspeed/timeandvelocity/timegraphs4.5
Aspeed/timegraphshowinga)Swimmeracceleratingfromthestartb)Sprintingattopspeedc)Stoppingatwall
Time(s)
Speed(m/s)
Avelocity/timegraphshowinga)Aswimmeracceleratingfromthestartb)Sprintingattopspeedc)Turningatwalld)Sprintingasecondlengthe)Stoppingatthewall
Time(s)
Velocity(m/s)
Avelocity/timegraphshowinga)Adiverpushingagainsttheboardb)Pointoftakeofffromboardc)Reachingmaximumheightintheaird)Entrytowatere)Decelerationtobottom ofpool
Time(s)
Velocity(m/s)
*GCE/A-levelonly
Foreachofthefollowingexamplesoflinearmotion, drawthegraphontheaxesandlabelpointsa,bandc.
W
R
W
AR
R
WR
Ifweightissmall,andairresistanceislargethentheflightpathshapeisnon-parabolicorasymmetric.Eg:Badmintonshuttle
Projectilemotion:patternsofflightpaths(ii)7.4*GCE/A-levelonly
• Thisisbecausetheforceofairresistanceisabletoovercometheinertia(smallmass)ofthebody,anddecreaseitsvelocity.
• Decreasingvelocitycausesdecreasingairresistance.• Astheflightcontinuesthebodybecomesincreasinglyunderthe influence
ofitsweight,ratherthanairresistance.• Theparallelogramofforcesshowsthatthesizeoftheresultantforce
decreases,andthedirectionitactsinbecomesfurtherfromthedirectionofAR.(IncreasinganglebetweenARandR)
• Thisgivesanon- parabolicflightshape.
Thesizeanddirectionoftheresultantforceontheshuttlechangesduringflight=asymmetric,non-parabolicflightpath.
W
R
Ifweightissmall,andairresistanceislargethentheflightpathshapeis…
Eg:Badmintonshuttle
Projectilemotion:patternsofflightpaths(ii)7.4*GCE/A-levelonly
• Thisisbecausetheforceofairresistanceisabletoovercometheinertia(smallmass)ofthebody,anddecreaseitsvelocity.
• Decreasingvelocitycausesdecreasingairresistance• Astheflightcontinuesthebodybecomesincreasinglyunderthe influence
ofits...• Theparallelogramofforcesshowsthattheresultantforcechangesin:a)size:b)direction:• Thismakestheflightshape…
Drawtheforcearrowsandcomplete theparallelogramonthediagramsoftheshuttlecockinmidandlateflight
