Road User Costs Model 20100218.ppt - World...
Transcript of Road User Costs Model 20100218.ppt - World...
HDM-4 Road User CostsModel Version 2.00
Rodrigo Archondo-CallaoFebruary 18, 2010
http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/
HDM-4 RUC Model Version 2.00
Road User Costs Knowledge System (RUCKS)HDM-4 RUC Model Version 2.00, February 12, 2010
Step Inputs Calculations Outputs
1) I-Vehicle Fleet & Country DataI-Vehicle Fleet Calibration
Road User Costs O-Road User Costs2) I-Road Characteristics O-Resources and Performance
O-Emissions
Sensitivity Analysis O-Roughness Sensitivity3) I-Sensitivity Parameters O-Speed Limit Sensitivity
O-Traffic Sensitivity
Calculate Road User CostsCalculate Road User Costs
Calculate Sensitivity AnalysisCalculate Sensitivity Analysis
O-RONET RUC CoefficientsO-Charts One VehicleO-Charts All Vehicles
Network Road User Costs4) I-Network Characteristics O-Network Road User Costs
Calculate Network RUCCalculate Network RUC
Cost Benefit Analysis5) I-Cost Benefit Analysis Data O-Cost Benefit Analysis Results
Calculate Cost Benefit AnalysisCalculate Cost Benefit Analysis
Instructions
http://www.worldbank.org/transport
Twelve Vehicles Types
• Motorcycle• Small Car• Medium Car• Light Delivery Vehicle• Four Wheel Drive• Light Truck• Medium Truck• Heavy Truck• Articulated Truck• Articulated Truck• Light Bus• Medium BusMedium Bus• Heavy Bus
Road User Costs Components• Fuel• Lubricant oil• Tire wearTire wear• Crew time• Maintenance labor• Maintenance parts
Vehicle Operating CostsMaintenance parts
• Depreciation• Interest• OverheadsOverheads
• Passenger time• Cargo holding timeTime Costs • Cargo holding time
Accidents Costs New
Emissions New
Vehicle Speed and Physical Quantities
Road and Vehicle CharacteristicsRoad and Vehicle Characteristics
Vehicle Speed
Physical Quantities Unit Costs
Road User Costs
Physical Quantities
Component Quantities per Vehicle-kmFuel litersFuel litersLubricant oil litersTire wear # of equivalent new tiresCrew time hoursPassenger time hoursCargo holding time hoursCargo holding time hoursMaintenance labor hoursMaintenance parts % of new vehicle priceDepreciation % of new vehicle priceDepreciation % of new vehicle priceInterest % of new vehicle price
Free-Flow Speeds Model
Free speeds are calculated using a mechanistic/behavioral models and are a minimum of the following constraining velocities.
• VDRIVEu and VDRIVEd = uphill and downhill velocities limited by gradient and used driving power
• VBRAKEu and VBRAKEd = uphill and downhillVBRAKEu and VBRAKEd = uphill and downhill velocities limited by gradient and used braking power
• VCURVE = velocity limited by curvature• VROUGH = velocity limited by roughness• VDESIR = velocity limited by safety and speed limit
enforcementenforcement
VDRIVEDrive Force
Grade Resistance
Rolling ResistanceAir Resistance
- Driving powerO ti i ht
- RoughnessT t d th- Operating weight
- Gradient- Density of air
- Texture depth- % time driven on snowcovered roads
- Aerodynamic drag coef.- Projected frontal area- Tire type
- % time driven on watercovered roads
Tire type- Number of wheels
VCURVE
VCURVE is calculated as a function of the radius ofcurvature.
VCURVE = a0 * R ^ a1
R = Radius of curvature
R 180 000/(* (18/ C))R = 180,000/(*max(18/ ,C))
C = Horizontal curvature
a0 and a1 = Regression parameters
Speed Flow Model
To consider reduction in speeds due to congestion, the “three-zone” model is adopted.g , pSpeed (km/hr)
CCar
Pickup
Bus
Truck
Sult FlowSu
Qo Qnom QultFlowPCSE/hr
Traffic Flow Periods
To consider different levels of traffic congestion at different hours and days during a year HDM 4 evaluates differenthours and days during a year, HDM-4 evaluates different traffic flow periods for which different hourly flows are applicable
PeakFlow PeriodsFlow
Next to PeakMedium flowNext to LowNext to LowOvernight
Number of Hours in the Year
Fuel Model
TRACTIVE FORCES ACCESSORIESC f
INTERNAL
• Based on ARRB ARFCOM model
Rolling, air, inertia, gradeand cornering resistance
Cooling fan,power steering,air conditioner,alternator, etc.
ENGINEFRICTION
• Predicts fuel use as function of
DRIVE - TRAININEFFICIENCIES
power usage TOTAL POWER
ENGINE FUEL EFFICIENCY FACTOR
ESTIMATED FUEL CONSUMPTION
Congestion Modelling
UncongestedUncongested
Congested
0Acceleration in m/s/s
Maintenance Parts Consumption
0.70%
Maintenance Parts Consumption
0 50%
0.60%
er 100
0 km
)
0.40%
0.50%
of veh
icle price pe
Medium Car
M di B
0.20%
0.30%
onsumption (%
o Medium Bus
Heavy Truck
Motorcycle
0.00%
0.10%
Parts C
Maintenance parts consumption function of roughness and age of the vehicle
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Roughness (IRI, m/km)
Capital Costs
• Comprised of depreciation and interest costscosts
• HDM-4 uses ‘Optimal Life’ method, in hi h hi l i lif i f tiwhich vehicle service life is a function
of roughness, or constant life method
Road Safety
• HDM-4 model estimates road safety costs of:costs of: Fatal accidents Injury accidents Injury accidentsDamage only accidents
• HDM-4 RUC model follows theHDM 4 RUC model follows the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP) methodology andProgram (iRAP) methodology and estimates road safety costs of:FatalitiesPersons with Serious Injuries
iRAP Methodology
• User defines vehicle fleet fatality rate in number per 100 million vehicle-kmnumber per 100 million vehicle km
• User defines vehicle fleet serious injury rate per 100 million vehicle-kmrate per 100 million vehicle km
• Cost per fatality computed function of GDP per capita (default: GDP per capitaGDP per capita (default: GDP per capita multiplied by 70)
• Cost per serious injury computed functionCost per serious injury computed function of cost per fatality (default: 25% of fatality cost)cost)
International Road Assessment Programme methodology (iRAP).http://irap.net/
Emissions Model
Road characteristicsT ffi l / tiTraffic volume/congestion
Vehicle technologyHydrocarbonHydrocarbonCarbon
monoxideNitrous oxidesSulphur dioxideFuel consumption
Carbon dioxideParticulates
L dLead
RUC Comparison
0.800
0.600
0.700
cle‐km
) Road Safety Cost
CO2 Emissions Cost
C Ti
0.400
0.500
sts (US$
per veh
ic Cargo Time
Passenger Time
Overhead
Interest
Depreciation
0 200
0.300
nit R
oad User C
os Depreciation
Crew Time
Maintenance Labor
Maintenance Parts
Tire
0.100
0.200
Un
Lubricants
Fuel
Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km
0.000
Medium Car Medium Bus Heavy Truck Motorcycle
RUC Composition
90%
100%
70%
80%
90%
Road Safety Cost
CO2 Emissions Cost
C Ti
50%
60%
User C
osts (%
) Cargo Time
Passenger Time
Overhead
Interest
Depreciation
30%
40%
Unit R
oad Depreciation
Crew Time
Maintenance Labor
Maintenance Parts
Tire
10%
20% Lubricants
Fuel
Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km
0%
Medium Car Medium Bus Heavy Truck Motorcycle
RUC Roughness Sensitivity
1.400
Heavy Truck Unit Road User Costs Sensitivy to Roughness
1.200
‐km) Road Safety Cost
CO2 Emissions Cost
0.800
1.000
(US$
per veh
icle
Cargo Time
Passenger Time
Overhead
Interest
0.400
0.600
Road User C
osts
Depreciation
Crew Time
Maintenance Labor
Maintenance Parts
0.200
Unit Tire
Lubricants
Fuel
0.000
2 IRI 6 IRI 12 IRI 18 IRI
RUC Roughness Sensitivity
1.400
1.000
1.200
vehicle‐km
)
0 600
0.800
osts (U
S$ per
Medium Car
Medium Bus
0.400
0.600
Roa
d User Co Heavy Truck
Motorcycle
0.000
0.200Unit
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
Roughness (IRI, m/km)
RUC Roughness Sensitivity
1.400
1.000
1.200
vehicle‐km
)
6.0 IRI = 0.22 US$ per vehicle-km2.0 IRI = 0.21 US$ per vehicle-kmSaving = 0.01 US$ per vehicle-km
0 600
0.800
osts (U
S$ per
Medium Car
Medium Bus
g p
AADT = 3,000 vehicles/day=> 1,095,000 vehicles/year
0.400
0.600
Roa
d User Co Heavy Truck
MotorcycleSaving = 10,850 US$ per year per km
0.000
0.200Unit
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
Roughness (IRI, m/km)
Fuel Consumption and Speed
45 00
50.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
00 km)
25.00
30.00
ption (liter per 10
Medium Car
Medium Bus
10 00
15.00
20.00
Fuel Con
sump
Heavy Truck
Motorcycle
0.00
5.00
10.00
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0
Vehicle Speed (km/hour)
Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km
CO2 Emissions and Speed
1400
1000
1200
m)
600
800
ioxide
‐CO
2 (g/k
Medium Car
Medium Bus
400
600
Carbon
Di
Heavy Truck
Motorcycle
0
200
Roughness = 2.0 IRI m/km
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0
Vehicle Speed (km/hour)
Fuel Consumption and Roughness
45 00
50.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
00 km)
25.00
30.00
ption (liter per 10
Medium Car
Medium Bus
10 00
15.00
20.00
Fuel Con
sump
Heavy Truck
Motorcycle
0.00
5.00
10.00
Speed function of roughness
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
Roughness (IRI, m/km)
CO2 Emissions and Roughness
1400
1000
1200
m)
600
800
ioxide
‐CO
2 (g/k
Medium Car
Medium Bus
400
600
Carbon
Di
Heavy Truck
Motorcycle
0
200
Speed function of roughness
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
Roughness( IRI, m/km)
Road Software Tools Website
• HDM 4 Road User Costs Model Version• HDM-4 Road User Costs Model Version 2.00 available for download at:
http://worldbank.org/roadsoftwaretools/