RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover

8/3/2019 RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover

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Impact of Dead Spaces under a FlyoverResearch Methodology

PGDM 2010-12 Batch 2Trimester II

Chinmay Athaley 62Jaya Consul 67

Monica Gadhecha 76Swaraj Hate 78Romil Khare 86

Praful Khurana 87Rohan Menon 95

Ashwath Rajan 102


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Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1

2. Introduction to the Project

3

3. Introduction to the Group

5

4. The Problem we are addressing

6

5. Problem Definition

7

6. Research Methodology

8

7. Secondary Research 9

8. Inferences from Secondary Data

16

9. Primary Research

17

10. Finding and Analysis

42

11. Primary Data Inferences and Recommendations

44


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12. Questionnare

46

13. Bibliography

60

Executive Summary

Flyovers are here to stay.They have become an indispensible part of our day to day lives.


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The advent of Flyovers came into Mumbai in the tenure of the Shiv Sena

BJP coalition government elected for the 1st time during 1995 to 1999.

This was later carried a step forward under the leadership of new

Congress Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and one saw a large number

of flyovers projects till 2004 and subsequently has continued with thenext government as well and today we have over 50 flyovers in Mumbai

city alone.

However while we saw such a large number of flyovers, what was not

envisaged was the huge creation of dead spaces under the flyover which

are not being utilized properly.

These spaces have not been planned and thus led to a fragmented and

disorganized usage of this space by us. The Government could also

benefit by utilizing this space to generate revenue and at the same timebenefit the people who have set up their livelihood under the flyover.

Both flyovers and skywalks have become a highly visible feature of Mumbais recentrapid urbanisation. The number of flyovers increased from 13 in 1997 to over 50 by2009, while the first skywalks were constructed in 2008. Many more projects areongoing and proposed.

The flux of activity below a flyover in a busy area is tremendous. One

could see a conglomeration people under a flyover buying from vegetable

vendors, fruit sellers, flower garland sellers etc on a typical festival day.

The flyover has an impact on the surrounding area as well.

We have seen an instance of Lata Mangeshkar opposing the flyover

opposite her house due to reasons cited as lack of privacy and increase in

vehicular and noise pollution in the area.

http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_1020111
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_1020111http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_1020111


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http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-

flyover-issue_1020391

We also had Amitabh Bachchan express his views against a flyover near

his house on his blog.

This just goes to show that flyovers have impacted not only the common

man but even the most high profile citizens.

Introduction to the Project

With the increase in number of flyovers in Mumbai, the traffic has for sure

eased a little. But what also has happened is that it has created a lot of

dead spaces below the flyover. Dead Spaces here would mean spaces

which are created under a flyover where no planned activity takes place.
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391


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Initially since there are no planned activities, these dead spaces end up

getting used for a number of other activities involving various people.

These activities may broadly include:

1. Hawking (someone who travels selling their merchandise)2. Vendors (someone who is stationary while selling their

merchandise)

3. Vegetable & fruits market

4. Flower market

5. Encroachments (permanent as well as temporary shelter)

6. Begging

7. Under construction projects having labourers

Additionally these spaces are also used for productive and plannedpurposes such as :

1. Paid parking lots

2. Space for keeping towed vehicles

3. Long distance taxi stands

4. Government storage rooms

5. Municipal offices

6. Legal outlets under government schemes

7. Public toilets

8. Eateries9. Beautification Gardens

10.Shops leased or sold under government notifications

11.Police Chowki

We can largely describe the diversity is affected in terms of the following

factors:


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1. Variety of people found below the flyover

2. Change in activity depending on the duration of the day

3. Space available

4. Location of the flyover and surrounding environment

5. Accessibility to the spaces below6. Lighting of areas below the flyover

What is described above could be just be tip of the iceberg.

The sheer diversity of the activities and the people below the flyover is

just an indication of

what we would be covering in our Research Project.

Introduction to the Group

This research project is being undertaken by 8 students of the PGDM

course 2010-12

of the Prin. L.N Welingkar Institute of Management Development and

Research, Mumbai (aka WeSchool) under the guidance ofProf. Victor

Manickam in the

subject of Research Methodology (Batch 2 Trimester 2).

We call ourselves Abhiyaan and our group comprises the following:

Chinmay Athaley (62)


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Jaya Consul (67)

Monica Gadhecha (76)

Swaraj Hate (78)

Romil Khare (86)

Praful Khurana (87)

Rohan Menon (95)

Ashwath Rajan (102)

The problem we are addressing

The space below the flyover is in a constant state of flux in terms of the

range of activities,

duration of the day, type of people and surrounding environment.

We would like to explore the various shades and nuances of the space

below the

flyover in order to gain insights into the way these spaces lead to various

activities that arise

and also includes possibilities which make an impact on society such that

we address :


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How we can help improve the utilisation of

the dead spaces below a flyover

if these spaces were planned and better utilised

such that it could result in a Win Win for the

government authorities,

people below the flyover

and the public at large.

Problem definition

Consider the following examples

Example 1:

As observed under the Dadar West flyover, dead space created under the

flyover is used by hawkers who see the space as an excellent opportunity

to sell their merchandise.


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This results in the gathering of people which in turn can lead to traffic

woes and blockage of access way to the nearby railway stations.

Example 2:

As observed under Kamala Mills flyover, dead space created under theflyover is converted into a parking lot which is creation of real estate in a

city starved of parking spaces.

The above two examples lead us to direct our research towards two

possible lines of thought

A. Impact of the flyover dead spaces on the lives of the people

who use these spaces.

As mentioned above, a variety of people move into the dead space

as soon as they are created. Our motivation is to study:i. Who are these people?

ii. Where have these people come from?

iii. What is their motivation for moving into the dead space?

iv. What is the life of these people post migration (below the

flyover)?

A. Impact of the flyover dead spaces on the real estate

The real estate created could be as follows:

i. Parking lotsii. Municipal storage rooms

iii. Shops

Our area of interest in this research project would be to :

Study the impact on lives of the diverse set of

people,

through the length of the day, under a flyover

and find how these dead spaces can be used better.

Research Methodology

According to our selected line of research of studying the lives of people who use

the spaces under a flyover, we needed to have comprehensive detail about the

peoples day today life pattern and their relationship with the flyover.


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So after collecting the required preliminary data from secondary sources we

decided to go in for observation so as to see firsthand what all happens and

identify the stakeholders involved.

After getting this information we were able to identify the flyovers that we were

going to target as part of the sample.

For primary data collection we went in for structured questionnaire which we

administered to our respondents.

For finding out all the aspects of their lives we decided to have a mixture of

quantitative and qualitative questions.

Thus we were able to get the adequate data which enabled us to do the required

analysis.

Secondary Research

We looked for various secondary sources available so as to mine as much

relevant data as we could get.

The purpose behind this was to better understand the scenario currently

present with respect to flyovers in Mumbai. It gave a little more clarity to


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our thoughts, removed some of the biases that we had and also defined

the scope of the research in terms of the stakeholders involved and the

way forward.

As our primary research was going to be based in Mumbai we limited the

scope of the secondary data to flyovers present in Mumbai only.

We started with the details about the number of flyovers present in the

city and their location.

As per our findings there are 52 flyovers currently present in Mumbai with

39 of them being completed and the others are either under construction

or the construction work is about to commence.

We decided to study the completed flyovers only and thus these 39

flyovers became the population for our research.

Then we searched for specific data pertaining to the dimensions of these

flyovers. The use of this data was to have an idea about the amount of

dead space created due to the construction of a flyover.

The data was also required to decide upon the sample that we were going

to target for the primary research and also to see the relationship

between the size of the flyovers to the kind of activity that takes place

and also the number of activities that take place.


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About the Flyovers under MSRDCMSRDC has aimed to alleviate the traffic congestion in the city

of Bombay or Mumbai by constructing 50 flyovers.

MSRDC - Project - 50 Flyovers

(Mumbai Traffic Improvement Mega - Project)

In Mumbai city there is a urgent need to cater for the trafficspecially quick entry and exit from the city. The industrialisationand growth of traffic has resulted into congestion which has raised

the pollution at various traffic junctions.

MSRDC was given the task of improving the current traffic

conditions by the Maharashtra Government. MSRDC has aimed toalleviate the traffic congestion in the city of Bombay or Mumbai byconstructing 50 flyovers. The attempt is to maintain a highway

character of the important roads in the city and also to reducecongestion at key junctions.

APPROACH

Flyovers are located on major traffic corridors, namely:-

Sion - Panvel Expressway

Western Express Highway

Eastern Express Highway

Major roads in Mumbai city

The flyovers are planned with a corridor development approach. This

fast corridor will make it possible to move from Thane, Vashi orBorivali and reach South Mumbai faster.

TECHNOLOGY

Latest technology used for the construction will make the quality ofconstruction of high standard and also minimize the time factor for thecompletion. The tender condition for incentive for earlier completion

and penalty for delayed construction are helpful in maintaining stricttime schedule.

ESTIMATED COST

The total cost of project is Rs. 1500 crores which will be financed from resources mobilised throughbonds, loans from MMRDA, financial assistance from PWD, MCGM and TMC.

By adopting advanced technology, modern machinery and simplified tender procedure, saving isresulted in project cost. Till today 37 flyovers are completed and 2 flyovers works are in progress. Traveltime on three highways in Mumbai is reduced by 20 to 25 minutes. To recover the cost of the project,

Government of Maharashtra has authorized MSRDC to levy a toll on major roads at five locations inMumbai.

Toll collection work is started in January 2000 after overcoming initial hurdles. MSRDC is getting a

revenue of Rs. 70 crores per annum by way of toll in Mumbai. Government of Maharashtra has levied acess on petrol & diesel in Mumbai region to recover the cost of flyovers. Expected income of Rs. 50

crores per annum will be transferred to MSRDC.


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Following is the details about the flyovers present in Mumbai and

their dimensions

Sr.No.

Flyover Name

LengthofFlyoverBridge(inmetres)

Length ofBridge(in metres)

Width

(in

metres

)

Area(Sq.M)

List of Flyovers where work hasbeen completed:

Western Express Highway

1 Mahim Junction 670 287

2 Kalina Vakola 1427 112724.2 27273.4

3 Janata Colony

4 Jogeshwari - Vikroli Link Road 130035

5 Aarey Goregaon

6Goregaon Mulund Link Road

731 471 24.2 11398.2

7 Rani Sati Marg 700

8 Shantaram Talao

9 Akurli Road

10 Dattapada Road

11 National Park

12 Shiv Vallabh Road 670 28716.5 4735.5

13 Sahar Flyover (through PWD)


14 Aurora 350

15 Sion 681 360

16 Sion Hospital 578

17 C.S.T (Kurla) 686 396 22 8712

18 Chheda Nagar 702 412 12 4944


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19 Andheri Ghatkopar Link Road

20 Vikroli Junction

21 Jogeshwari Vikroli Link Road

22 Goregaon Mulund Link Road 73124.2

23 Nitin Casting 1444.424.2

24 Cadbury 144424.2

25 Golden Dyes 83124.2

Sion Panvel Highway

26 Chembur Mankhurd Link Road 736 440 12 5280

27 Vashi

28 Nerul junction 72924.2

29 Konkan Bhavan

30 Kharghar

31 Taloje 52212

32

B.A.R.C.

667 388 11 4268

Mumbai City Road

33 S.B Marg : Fergusson Road 874 63813.25 8453.5

34 S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road 1233 113813.25 15078.5

35 S.B Marg : N.M Joshi Road 1233 113813.25 15078.5

36 Dadar Khodadad Circle 86517

37 J.J.Hospital - Bhendi Bazar 240016.2

38 J.J Hospital - Crawford Maket 2400

39Adi Shankaracharya Marg : JVLR(Pawai)

List of Flyovers where work is inprogress:

Mumbai City Roads

40 Adi Shankaracharya Marg : LBS

41R.C.F. Junction


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List of Flyovers where work has notcommenced:

Western Express Highway42 Kherwadi 485

43 Santacruz Airport Junction 703


44 Kapurbawadi

Sion Panvel Highway

45 Uran Road

46 Kamothe

Mumbai City Roads

47 Haji Ali

48 S.B. Marg : Connect to Weh

49 Worli Naka

50 Siddhi Vinayak

51 Barfiwala Junction 474.4

52Juhu Airport Subway

Sr.No.

Flyover Name

Lengthof

FlyoverBridge(inmetres)

Length ofBridge

(in metres)

Width

(in

metres

)

Area(in Sq.

M)

1 Kalina Vakola1427 1127 24.2 27273.4

2 Goregaon Mulund Link Road731 471 24.2 11398.2

3 Shiv Vallabh Road670 287 16.5 4735.5

4 Chheda Nagar702 412 12 4944

5 Chembur Mankhurd Link Road 736 440 12 5280


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6 B.A.R.C.667 388 11 4268

7 S.B Marg : Fergusson Road874 638 13.25 8453.5

8 S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road1233 1138 13.25 15078.5

9 S.B Marg : N.M Joshi Road1233 1138 13.25 15078.5

10Kavi Keshavsut Dadar(West)Flyover

270 150 12 1800

The length of Flyover Bridge is the complete length of the flyover from

one end to the other.

The length of bridge is the length which is having open space under it,

which is the total length minus the length of the ramp that is normally

closed.

The last part of the table shows the list of flyover for which we could get

the complete information about the dimensions and hence the amount of

dead space created.

The main source for the above data was the internet. Not all of the

information about the dimensions of the flyovers was available on the

internet. So for the information not available we approached the

concerned authorities but could not get anything additional to what was

already given. In order to get as much data as possible we ourselvesmeasured the dimensions of some of the flyovers.

We looked at the area that was created as spaces being used by the

stakeholders and thus did not focus on the information pertaining to the

real estate aspect of the area.

Moreover all this information was related to the quantitative aspects of

the flyover. But as our objective defines we were emphasizing on the

impact of the dead spaces on the lives of the people that are associated

with these spaces.

Thus we needed to have a detailed qualitative study as well; in addition to

the quantitative data available. There was very little of such information

available through secondary sources. There were articles in newspapers,

magazines, blogs and official publications related to the problem that we

were addressing but all of them were personal views and could not be

taken as the truth. Never the less these sources gave us some head start

about the prevailing situation and acted as reference points for us.


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In order to get some more details about the various stakeholders related

to a flyover we did some observational research. We went to five flyoversand noted the activities that took place in the spaces created under the

flyover.

The choice of the flyover was made so as to get as much variety as

possible in order to cover a wide variety of activities taking place under

the flyovers. Thus we saw the things taking place at various places and at

different time of the day so as to see if there was any variation with

respect to the time of the day.

At this point we did not talk to any of our potential respondents but onlyobserved. This was required because not much secondary data was

available related to the situation and thus to get some direction it was

very important to go and observe by ourselves the things happening

under the flyovers.

Following are some of the observations made by us

Sr. No. Flyover Name Observation

1

Kavi Keshavsut

Dadar(West) Flyover

Cloths ,flowers, shoe shop, juice shop,restaurant, police station, home for streetchildren, fruit, vegetables, bags, artificial

jewellery, goggles, festive decorations,

night centres for street children, mobileaccessory, opticians, public utilities, milkcentre, STD PCO, newspaper, purses, toys,plastic bottles, watches, police station+parking, dry fruits, panchayat

2Hon. Jagannath alias NanaSunkersett Flyover atDadar tt Khodadad Circle

Pay & park, beautification garden,municipality office

3 Sion HospitalPeople sleeping, municipality building(under construction), a temporary shed

for a guard4 Fine Arts, Chembur Public toilet, vegetable market, key maker

5Bandra Reclamationflyover extending up toExpress Highway

Police Chowki, Space for keeping towedvehicles, beggars & laborers


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The above information helped us to better define the objective of the

research and also created questions in our mind.

Thus we got direction towards the content, designing and theadministrative requirements of the questionnaire.

Inferences from Secondary Data

The amount of dead space created could not be generalized based

on the dimensions of the flyover. The area of dead space created

varied with the type of flyover (single poll or double poll)

The kind of activities that take place, depend on the height of the

flyover. Normally the low height flyovers are being used by vendors

for selling their items and the flyovers having higher heights are

mainly used for parking purposes.

The activities are not determined by the length or the width of the

flyover.

A single flyover is being used for a single primary purpose only. Thatis, there would be only vendors or only parking under a flyover and

there are only exceptions of both being present under the same

flyover. This does not apply to the presence of beggars, people who

sleep under the flyovers and any other activity.


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Primary Research

Observation Sheet : General Questions

Question

2

How long have you lived here Show Card No.3

Less than a year A 12

Between 1 & 5 years B 15

Between 5 & 10 years C 6

More than 10 years D 12

Single Response

Question3 How do you travel to the flyover? Show Card No.4

Live under the flyover A 13

Walking / Cycle B 14

Bus C 2

Train D 16

Single Response

Question

1

Where do you stay wrt flyover? Show Card

No.2

Under the flyover A 13

Less than a Km from flyover B 9

Between 1 & 5 Km from flyover C 6

More than 5 Km from flyover D 17

Single Response


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Question

4

In a day, how many hours do you spend under

the flyover?

Show Card No.5

1 to 6 hours A 2

6 to 12 hours B 14

12 to 18 hours C 16

18 to 24 hours D 13

Single Response

Question

5

Who all stay with you? Show Card No.6

Parents A 12

Children B 13

Husband / Wife C 23

Other D 14

Multiple Responses

Question

6

Where do your parents live? Show Card No.7

With me A 13

Under some other flyover B 0

Native place C 20

Others D 12

Single Response

Question

7

What did your parents do for a living? Show Card No.8

Sell under the same flyover A 5


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Sell under another flyover B 0

Other occupation (including selling but not under any

flyover)

C 12

Not Working D 28

Single Response

Question

8

How often do you go to your native place in a

year?

Show Card No.9

0 A 13

1 B 14

2 C 12

More than 2 D 6

Single Response

Question

9

What do your children do during the day? Show Card

No.10

Supporting/Helping in their profession A 2

Study at school B 13

Playing/Staying at home/ Living with relatives C 4

Not Applicable D 26

Single Response

Question

10

What do you want your child to become? Show Card

No.11

Take up same profession A 2

Other Business B 7

Doctor/Engineer C 7

Other Professions D 29

Single Response


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Question

11

What do you do in your free time? Show Card No.

Watch TV / Radio A 11

No free time B 19

Spend time with family C 5

Others D 10

Multiple Responses

Question

12

Are you a registered voter? Show Card No.1

Yes A 26

No B 19

Single Response

Question

13

Did any government official approach you

regarding your activity under flyover?

Show Card

No.12

Yes A 5

No B 40

Single Response

Question

14

How long have you been associated with this

flyover?

Show Card No.3





Single Response

Question

15

How did you come to know about this place? Show Card

No.13

Family A 16

Friends B 10


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Other vendors/beggars/labourers C 6

Others D 13

Multiple Responses

Question

16

Have you been allocated/ licensed to have a

shop/building/home under a flyover by any

government scheme?

Show Card No.1

Yes A 12

No B 22

Not Applicable C 11

Single Response

Question

17

Are you looking to settle here permanently? Show Card No.1

Yes A 16

No B 29

Single Response

Question

18

How many times have you changed the location

in the past one year from one flyover to

another?

Show Card No.9

0 A 33

1 B 3

2 C 2

More than 2 D 7

Single Response

Question19 What is your staple diet? Show Card No.


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Single Response

Question

23

What is your major personal expenditure? Show Card

No.17

Children education A 5

Shelter B 4

Food C 31

Other D 5

Single Response

Question

24

Do you have a bank account? Show Card No.1

Yes A 16

No B 29

Single Response

Question

25

What kind of property you hold? Show Card

No.18

House A 25

Shops B 2

Farms C 7

Do not own property D 20

Multiple Responses

Question

26

Where is the location of property you hold? Show Card

No.19

In Mumbai A 10

In Other parts of Maharashtra B 9

In other parts of India C 15

Not applicable D 16


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Multiple Responses

Question27

Do you use the toilet under the flyover? Show CardNo.20

Yes A 20

No B 6

No toilet C 19

Single Response

Question

28

Do you pay money for using the toilets? Show Card No.1

Yes A 17

No B 4

Not Applicable C 24

Single Response

Question

29

How are the toilets being maintained? Show Card

No.21

Government Cleaners A 14

Private Cleaners B 5

Contract Basis C 2

Not Applicable D 24

Single Response

Question

30

Is the toilet that you are using hygienic and

properly maintained?

Show Card No.1

Yes A 15

No B 5

Not Applicable C 24

Single Response


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Questio

n 31Do the people under the flyover interact with the

occupants of the vehicles parked under the flyover?

Show Card

No.1

Yes A 12

No B 33

Single Response

Questions to Vendors

Questio

n 1

Why did you come here to sell? Show Card No.22

Forced to come here A 4

Better opportunity to sell B 10

No other option C 5

No specific reason D 4

Single Response

Questio

n 2

How long have you sold your items here Show Card No.3





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Single Response

Question 3

Are you the first in your family to come underthis flyover to sell?

Show Card No.1

Yes A 8

No B 15

Single Response

Questio

n 4

What was your previous profession? Show Card

No.23

Selling same items A 13

Selling other items B 2

Not Working C 1

Others D 7

Single Response

Questio

n 5

What makes you change the way you work? Show Card No.24

Amount of space A 0

People around B 5

Items being sold C 1

Do not change D 17

Single Response

Questio

n 6

How much does the location of the flyover

affect the price of the wares?

Show Card No.25

1% A 0

3% B 0

Over 5% C 5


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No change D 18

Single Response

Question 7

How do you select the spot for selling? Show Card No.26

Fixed spot A 16

Randomly select B 5

Popular spots C 2

Based on space available D 0

Single Response

Questio

n 8Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show Card No.27

Yes, formal agreement A 5

Yes, Informal agreement B 6

No agreement C 10

Unaware D 2

Single Response

Questio

n 9

Why do they sit together? Show Card No.28

Safety and security A 2

Easier to communicate B 0

Common Interests C 8

No, they do not sit together D 13

Single Response

Questio

n 10

How much rent do you pay? Show Card No.29

Rs.0-500 A 2

Rs.500-1000 B 0

More than Rs.1000 C 0


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I do not pay rent D 21

Single Response

Questio

n 11

Where do you get your materials from? Show Card No.30

Same as everyone else A 19

Some other place B 2

Self produced C 2

Single Response

Questio

n 12

Where did you get the money from to run the

business?

Show Card No.31

Self funded A 17

Borrowed from family / friends B 2

Borrowed from money lender C 1

Other Source D 3

Single Response

Questio

n 13

How many more Businesses do you run? Show Card No.9

0 A 18

1 B 4

2 C 1

More than 2 D 0

Single Response

Questio

n 14

How many more locations do you operate your

business?

Show Card No.9

0 A 21

1 B 1

2 C 1


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More than 2 D 0

Single Response

Questio

n 15

How do you coordinate activities between

different locations?

Show Card

No.32

Phone A 2

Vehicle B 0

Foot C 2

Not Applicable D 6

Single Response

Questio

n 16

Would you like to sell the same product if you

are provided with one more shop under this

flyover?

Show Card No.1

Yes A 15

No B 7

Single Response

Questio

n 17

How festivals and events (near the flyover) have

impact on your business?

Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A 0

Decline B 1

Increase C 22

Single Response

Questio

n 18

Are you availing the following schemes? Show Card

No.34

Indira Awas Yojna A 0

Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee

Scheme)

B 0

Not aware C 23


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Multiple Responses

Questions to Beggars

Questio

n 1

Why did you come here? Show Card No.22

Forced to come here A 1

Better opportunity to beg B 0

No other option C 5

No specific reason D 3

Single Response

Questio

n 2

How long have you been begging here Show Card No.3




More than 10 years D 0Single Response

Questio

n 3

Are you the first in your family to come under

this flyover to beg?

Show Card No.1

Yes A 7

No B 2

Single Response

Questio

n 4


No.23

Selling items A 0

Not Working B 4

Others C 5

Single Response


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Questio

n 5

How do you select the spot for begging? Show Card No.26

Fixed spot A 4

Randomly select B 2

Popular spots C 3


Single Response

Question

6

Why do you sit together? Show Card

No.28

Safety and security A 3

Easier to communicate

B

0

Common Interests C 0

No, we do not sit together D 6

Question

7


business?

Show Card No.9

0 A 7

1 B 2

2 C 0

More than 2 D 0

Question

8

How much does the location of the flyover affect

your operations?

Show Card

No.25

Under 5% A 1

Over 5% B 0

Not applicable C 7

No change D 1


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Single Response

Question9

How do festivals and events(near the flyover)have impact on your business?

Show CardNo.33

Do not affect A 1

Decline B 0

Increase C 8

Single Response

Question

10


No.34

Indira Awas Yojna A 0

Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) B 0

Not aware C 9

Multiple Responses


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Questions to Labourers

Question

1


No.23

Selling items A 0

Not Working B 3

Others C 5

Single Response

Question

2

How do you select the spot for stay/living? Show Card

No.26

Fixed spot A 2

Randomly select B 1

Popular spots C 2


Single Response

Question3

Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show CardNo.27

Yes, formal agreement A 0

Yes, Informal agreement B 4

No agreement C 4

Unaware D 0

Single Response


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Question

4

Since you live here for construction, where will

you go when the construction is complete?

Show Card

No.28

Keep staying here A 0

Move to the next construction place B 5

Other C 0

Do not know D 3

Single Response

Question

5

How monsoons have impact on you? Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A 0

Decline B 8

Increase C 0

Single Response

Questions on Parking

Question

1

In case of parking, what is the usual duration on a

typical day?

Show Card

No.29

0-2 hrs A 3

2-5 hrs B 3


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5-12 hrs C 0

More than 12 hrs D 0

Single Response

Question

2

How festivals and events(near the flyover) have


Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A 2

Decline B 1

Increase C 3

Single Response

Question

3


No.23

Selling items A 0

Not Working B 0

Others C 6

Single Response

Findings and Analysis

Talk with a parking respondent under Dadar East Flyover

One of the main observations from the discussion was that they care for theirchildren. The respondent worked in the house of a CA and is quite motivated by

the profession and the associated benefits i.e fame and money. His child is

studying in 5th class in his native place. He regularly checks his child's

performance and makes sure his child is strong in subjects like mathematics. He

wants his child to become a CA. He was also inquiring about the government

schemes for child's study so that he can support his family better. This reflects

the awareness levels of people concerning their childrens education and

unavailability/lack of awareness about government/NGO schemes.

He was quite frustrated and afraid about the criminal activities happening in the


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area because thieves there steal the mirrors and brand logos from the hood of

the car.

Apart from that drunkards create a mess making the respondents work

problematic.

From a migrant labourer under Matunga flyover

One thing that was a very genuine concern for him was that he would not be

welcome in his house when he is old and cannot work.

He had no motivation to save money since he had no children.

From a clothes vendor under the Dadar West flyover

Given a choice he would have loved to continue working on his own rather than

be employed by someone, so that he could be independent.

They rent their place to others when they go to their native place for vacation.

From a Vada Pav vendor under the Dadar West flyover

The vendor had a pan card, shop license and other relevant documents to prove

ownership of space. He was also allotted place on the first floor in The Hawkers

Plaza, but he did not choose to move as he was selling eatable commodity which

would not sell at the allocated place. He mentioned that the thieves pay a

regular hafta to the local police for not catching them.

He had a complaint regarding a gate being closed by the authorities after theKasab incident. His shop is located next to the gate and the closure has affected

his business a lot. There was also a genuine concern that this closure is a

problem to elderly as well as pregnant women as they now had to go to extreme

ends of Dadar station for the tickets.

He had a genuine expectation that our interview would bring about at least a

small change in his work life. This was proved further when he came up front and

gave his contact details and offered help when needed.

From a Telephone booth / sandwich vendor under the Dadar West

flyover

The vendor had a licensed agreement with the BMC wherein he used to pay BMC

Rs 700 per month as rent.

He also had an alternative shop location provided to him by the BMC, in case the

flyover was not there in future.

Even though the shop space was very small, he hired an associate so that he

could have that extra income.


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Primary Data Inferences and

Recommendations

Majority of the people live far away (38%) from the flyover and either travel by train (50%)or walking (50%), moreover all the parking attendants spend more than 10-12 hours workingunder the flyover and they do not get much of free time.

Inferences: They lead a stressed life.

Recommendations: Reduce shift timing/duty timings for parking people.

54% of respondents save some part of their income, 64% do not have a bank account.

Inferences: The respondents have a poor access to banking system in spite of having moneysaved.

Recommendations: Opportunity for banks to approach this target segment for providingbanking services to these people.


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59% have some minor/seasonal ailment, 44% have no access to Doctor/Medication.

Inference: The respondents do not have access to proper medical facilities but they requirethe same.

Recommendations: Medication facilities could be provided.

Inferences: 31% people who have been associated with flyover for more than 10 years aregenerally 2nd generation entrepreneurs.

54% respondents save some part of their income, 44% do not own their property.

Inferences: Even though people have surplus income they do not invest in property.

Recommendations: Government could promote housing schemes.

81% of the respondents who have access to the toilet pay for it, at the same time 42% do nothave toilet facilities under the flyover. 75% are satisfied with the maintenance and hygienelevel.

Inferences: The respondents show willingness to pay for the usage of toilets hence by

constructing more toilets government can expect more revenue.Recommendations: Scope for adding more toilets for people working/living under theflyover and also adding revenue stream for the government.

96% of the respondents do not want their children to take up their current profession, to thateffect more than 68% of their children are going to school.

Inferences: This shows that they have aspirations for the career of their children.

91% do not pay any rent to the government and 55% have some saving from their income.Also 91% operate at single location.

Inferences: The respondents have the capacity to pay rent but are currently not.

Recommendations: Government could levy rent and make these businesses more organizedand stable at the same time increase revenues.

100% of the people are not aware about any of the government schemes.

Recommendations: The government thus need to communicate effectively with the peopleso that they can get the benefits from these schemes.

For 78% of the vendors, their current business is the only business they are doing. 54% savesome part of their income.

Inferences: These people have a potential to buy out insurance for their business.

Recommendations: Government/Insurance companies could promote insurance facilities forthe vendors


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QuestionnaireInterviewers Name

Interview Date Interview Time to

Good morning/afternoon/evening Sir, I am

__________________________________________________

from Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development & Research, Mumbai

and conducting a study and survey for a Research Project. Presently the study is being

conducted in the city of Mumbai to understand the Impact of Dead Spaces below a

Flyover.

Respondent Profile

Name of the

Respondent

Mr./Mrs./Ms.

Age

Flyover Name

Area & Pin code

Telephone(Residence)

Telephone(Mobile)

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF THE RESPONDENT

GENDER PERSONAL DETAILS NO. OF EARNING

MEMBERS

Male 1. Married 1. One 1.

Female 2. Unmarried 2. Two 2.

EDUCATION NO. OF FAMILY Three 3.


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MEMBERS

SSC/HSC 1. One 1. Four 4.

Graduate(General) 2. Two 2. More than four 5.

Graduate(Professional) 3. Three 3. MOTHER TONGUE

Post Graduate(General) 4. Four 4. Hindi 1.

Post

Graduate(Professional)

5. Five 5. Marathi 2.

Others 6. Six 6. Gujrati 3.

TYPE OF FAMILY Seven 7. Tamil 4.

Nuclear 1. Eight 8. Malylam 5.

Joint 2. Nine 9. Oriya 6.

Family with parents 3. Ten 10. Bihari 7

.

Living Single 4. More than Ten 11. Others 8

.

QuestionnairevvvvvGeneral Questions

Question

1

Where do you stay wrt flyover? Show Card No.2

Under the flyover A

Less than a Km from flyover B

Between 1 & 5 Km from flyover C

More than 5 Km from flyover D


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Single Response

Question

2

How long have you lived here Show Card No.3

Less than a year A

Between 1 & 5 years B

Between 5 & 10 years C

More than 10 years D

Single Response

Question

3

How do you travel to the flyover? Show Card No.4

Live under the flyover A

Walking / Cycle B

Bus C

Train D

Single Response

Question

4

In a day, how many hours do you spend under

the flyover?

Show Card No.5

1 to 6 hours A

6 to 12 hours B

12 to 18 hours C

18 to 24 hours D

Single Response

Question

5

Who all stay with you? Show Card No.6

Parents A


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More than 2 D

Single Response

Question

9

What do your children do during the day? Show Card

No.10

Supporting/Helping in their profession A

Study at school B

Playing/Staying at home/ Living with relatives C

Not Applicable D

Single Response

Question

10

What do you want your child to become? Show Card

No.11

Take up same profession A

Other Business B

Doctor/Engineer C

Other Professions D

Single Response

Question

11

What do you do in your free time? Show Card No.

Watch TV / Radio A

No free time B

Spend time with family C

Others D

Multiple Responses

Question

12

Are you a registered voter? Show Card No.1

Yes A


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No B

Single Response

Question

13

Did any government official approach you

regarding your activity under flyover?

Show Card

No.12

Yes A

No B

Single Response

Question

14

How long have you been associated with this

flyover

Show Card No.3

Less than a year A




Single Response

Question

15

How did you come to know about this place? Show Card

No.13

Family A

Friends B

Other vendors/beggars/labourers C

Other D

Multiple Responses

Question

16

Have you been allocated/ licensed to have a

shop/building/home under a flyover by any

government scheme?

Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B


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Not Applicable C

Single Response

Question17

Are you looking to settle here permanently? Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B

Single Response

Question

18

How many times have you changed the location

in the past one year from one flyover toanother?

Show Card No.9

0 A

1 B

2 C

More than 2 D

Single Response

Question

19

What is your staple diet? Show Card No.

Dal, Rice A

Roti, Sabji B

Non Veg C

Others D

Multiple Responses

Question

20

What health related issues do you have? Show Card

No.14

Seasonal ailments/ Epidemics A

Minor ailments B

Major ailments C

No Health issues DSingle Response


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Question

21

Do you access the following? Show Card

No.15

Doctor A

Medications B

Medical tests /Clinics / Surgery C

None of the above D

Multiple Response from A,B,C possible

Question

22

How much part of income do you save Show Card

No.16

5 to 10% A

10 to 20% B

More than 20% C

No Savings D

Single Response

Question

23

What is your major personal expenditure? Show Card

No.17

Children education A

Shelter B

Food C

Other D

Single Response

Question

24

Do you have a bank account? Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B

Single Response


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Question

25

What kind of property you hold? Show Card

No.18

House A

Shops B

Farms C

Do not own property D

Multiple Responses

Question

26

Where is the location of property you hold? Show Card

No.19

In Mumbai A

In Other parts of Maharashtra B

In other parts of India C

Not applicable D

Multiple Responses

Question

27

Do you use the toilet under the flyover? Show Card

No.20

Yes A

No B

No toilet C

Single Response

Question

28

Do you pay money for using the toilets? Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B


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Not Applicable C

Single Response

Question

29

How are the toilets being maintained? Show Card

No.21

Government Cleaners A

Private Cleaners B

Contract Basis C

Not Applicable D

Single Response

Question

30

Is the toilet that you are using hygienic and

properly maintained?

Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B

Not Applicable C

Single Response

Question

31 Do the people under the flyover interact with theoccupants of the vehicles parked under the

flyover?

Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B

Single Response

Question 32 How different do you see yourself when you first came here and

now?


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Question 33 What would you do if flyover is gone / taken away from your life?

Question 34 If you want to change something under this flyover what would it

be?

Questions to Vendors

Question

1

Why did you come here to sell? Show Card

No.22

Forced to come here A

Better opportunity to sell B


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No other option C

No specific reason D

Single Response

Question

2

How long have you sold your items here Show Card No.3

Less than a year A




Single Response

Question

3

Are you the first in your family to come under this

flyover to sell?

Show Card

No.1

Yes A

No B

Single Response

Question

4


No.23

Selling same items A

Selling other items B

Not Working C

Others D

Single Response

Question

5

What makes you change the way you work? Show Card

No.24

Amount of space A

People around B


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Items being sold C

Do not change D

Single Response

Question

6


the price of the wares?

Show Card

No.25

Under 5% A

Over 5% B

Not applicable C

No change D

Single Response

Question

7

How do you select the spot for selling? Show Card

No.26

Fixed spot A

Randomly select B

Popular spots C

Based on space available D

Single Response

Question

8Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show Card

No.27

Yes, formal agreement A

Yes, Informal agreement B

No agreement C

Unaware D

Single Response

Question

9


No.28

Safety and security A


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Easier to communicate B

Common Interests C

No, We do not sit together D

Single Response

Question

10

How much rent do you pay (per month)? Show Card

No.29

Rs.0-500 A

Rs.1000-1000 B

More than Rs.1000 C

I do not pay rent D

Single Response

Question

11

Where do you get your materials from? Show Card

No.30

Same as everyone else A

Some other place B

Self produced C

Single Response

Question

12

Where did you get the money from to run the

business?

Show Card

No.31

Self funded A

Borrowed from family / friends B

Borrowed from money lender C

Other Source D

Single Response


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Question

13

How many more Businesses do you run? Show Card No.9

0 A

1 B

2 C

More than 2 D

Single Response

Question

14


business?

Show Card No.9

0 A

1 B

2 C

More than 2 D

Single Response

Question

15

How do you coordinate activities between

different locations?

Show Card

No.32

Phone A

Vehicle B

Foot C

Not Applicable D

Single Response

Question

16

Would you like to sell the same product if you

are provided with one more shop under this

flyover?

Show Card No.1

Yes A

No B

Single Response


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Question

17



Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A

Decline B

Increase C

Single Response

Question

18


No.34

Indira Awas Yojna A

Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) B

Not aware C

Multiple Responses

Questions to Beggars

Question

1

Why did you come here? Show Card

No.22

Forced to come here A

Better opportunity to beg B

No other option C

No specific reason D

Single Response

Question

2

How long have you been begging here Show Card No.3

Less than a year A





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Single Response

Question

3

Are you the first in your family to come under this

flyover to beg?

Show Card

No.1

Yes A

No B

Single Response

Question

4


No.23

Selling items A

Not Working B

Others C

Single Response

Question5

How do you select the spot for begging? Show CardNo.26

Fixed spot A

Randomly select B

Popular spots C


Single Response

Question

6


No.28

Safety and security A

Easier to communicate B

Common Interests C

No, we do not sit together D

Single Response


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Question

7

How many more locations do you operate in? Show Card No.9

0 A

1 B

2 C

More than 2 D

Single Response

Question

8


your operations?

Show Card

No.25

Under 5% A

Over 5% B

Not applicable C

No change DSingle Response

Question

9

How do festivals and events(near the flyover)

have impact on your business?

Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A

Decline B

Increase C

Single Response

Question

10


No.34

Indira Awas Yojna A

Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) B

Not aware C


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Multiple Responses

Questions to Labourers

Question

1


No.23

Selling items A

Not Working B

Others C

Single Response

Question

2

How do you select the spot for stay/living? Show Card

No.26

Fixed spot A

Randomly select B

Popular spots C


Single Response

Question Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show Card


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3 No.27

Yes, formal agreement A

Yes, Informal agreement B

No agreement C

Unaware D

Single Response

Question

4

Since you live here for construction, where will

you go when the construction is complete?

Show Card

No.28

Keep staying here A

Move to the next construction place B

Other C

Do not know D

Single Response

Question

5

How monsoons have impact on you? Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A

Decline B

Increase C

Single Response

Questions on Parking

Question

1

In case of parking, what is the usual duration on a

typical day?

Show Card

No.29


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0-2 hrs A

2-5 hrs B

5-12 hrs C

More than 12 hrs D

Single Response

Question

2



Show Card

No.33

Do not affect A

Decline B

Increase C

Single Response

Question

3


No.23

Selling items A

Not Working B

Others C

Single Response


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Bibliography

Websites

http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspx

http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-

soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175

http://www.verticalurbanism.com/

http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53

http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htm

http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501

kajalkiyer.blogspot.com/2009/03/life-under-flyover.html

http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-

655894.aspx

http://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-

doesnt-defeat-purpose-f

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-

under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cms

www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=611753

Books

Maximum City by Suketu Mehta
http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspxhttp://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.verticalurbanism.com/http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htmhttp://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspxhttp://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.verticalurbanism.com/http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htmhttp://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/


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RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover

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