Rise of Civilization
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Transcript of Rise of Civilization
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Rise of Civilization
Unit 1
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Group Task
“If stranded on a desert Island what tools would you need to survive?”
How does this help us understand our past?
Create sentences using the following words: Prehistory, artifact, culture, technology
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Prehistory
The period before people developed writing.
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3 types of early man
Homo-habilis – man had ability
Homo-erectus – man could walk upright
Homo-sapiens – man could think
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Civilizations
A highly organized society marked by knowledge of a written language, the arts, sciences, and government.
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Anthropologists
Scientists who study past human civilizations; they compare bones, looking for changes in size and structure.
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Archaeologists
Scientists who study the life and culture of ancient peoples by excavating ancient living sites.
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Artifacts
An object made by humans, such as a tool, ornament, weapon, or pottery, that has historical or archaeological importance.
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Culture
The ideas, customs, skills, and arts of a given people at a given time.
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Aspects of culture(ways of life)
Language Foods Religion Achievement in art and music Use of tools Technology
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Technology
The skills and knowledge available to a people.
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Nomads
A person without a permanent home who moves about canstantly in search of food.
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Early Man
When population was small, had a nomadic lifestyle – men traveled in small groups (tribes) usually following and hunting wild herds of animals. They had no permanent home; people traveled constantly. There emerged a single leader. (Usually, the ruler of each tribe was the 1. Strongest, 2. Eldest, 3. Wisest, and 4. The highest religious leader.)
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Early People
Neanderthals Originated in Africa and spread to Europe. Hunters/gatherers. Used fire for warmth and cooking. Use of
fire and clothing made migration to cooler climates possible.
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Neanderthals (Cont.) Lived in caves Some built shelters with skins.
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Cro-Magnons Originated in Asia; artifacts in France Either lived at the same time as
Neanderthals or came to be when Neaderthals disappeared.
Develop knife and chisel Chopped down trees and built canoes.
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Cro-Magnons (Cont.) Developed bow and arrow tohunt larger
animals and have a better food suply. Left behind cave paintings
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Human Race Creation of Adam. Story of Genesis in the
Old Testament in the Bible. Genesis 3 shows how nomadic lifestyle began.
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The Neolithic Revolution
The development of Agriculture changed the nomadic lifestyle as farming tied people down to the land in one permanent place/spot. Thus, villages started to form and grow into cities, and civilizations formed.
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People shifted from gathering/hunting food to producing food.
New innovations allowed this: Agriculture Domestication of animals Villages Plow Fertilizer Loom Wheel Metalworking for weapons
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The domestication of plants and animals led to the domestication of humankind, meaning hunters lived in nature, while farmers tried to control nature.
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4 Earliest Known Civilizations First highly organized societies that
developed out of river valleys:
Mesopotamia (Iraq – on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
Ancient Egypt (on the Nile River) India (on the Indus River) China (on the Huang/Yellow River that
empties into the Yellow Sea)
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“The test of civilization is the power of drawing the most benefits out of cities”-Emerson. What do cities provide for people? Jobs, government
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Civilization
A highly, organized society marked by knowledge of a written language, the arts, sciences, & government.
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Most civilizations developed out of the 4 River Valleys. Nile
Tigris/Euphrates
Indus
Huang
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Basic Features of Civilizations: 1. Food supply (is stable; often, a
surplus thanks to an Irrigation System: rainfall fell to ditches, which ran into canals, & into reservoirs.)
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Why must there be a surplus of food before a city can develop and grow?
In order to free others to engage in other activities.
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2. Specialized labor
Artisan-A skilled craftworker, such as a builder, potter, & textile worker.
-worked one task -very skilled -produced large quantities -improved quality
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Metalworking-introduced the Bronze Age; used bronze which was easier to pour into a mold and shape weapons. Artisans had a major effect on the economy.
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Economy-a system of producing, distributing, and consuming wealth to meet people’s needs.
Trading-the exchange of goods and services thanks to the ability to travel.
HOW?– A. Overland by animals or caravans B. Water by small canoes and later, ships
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3. Government Govt. needed a way to supervise and protect
agriculture and trade. a. Government officials were created to
oversee collection, storage, & distribution of the food surplus.
b. Soldiers guarded the city’s territory and trade routes.
c. The king was the head of government.
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4. Social levels followed the city’s layout. a. In the center were the government
and religious buildings; b. Then, houses of the ruling class; c. Then, groups of artisans; d. On the outskirts, farmers. Compare to the city of Glasgow.
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5. System of writing; tools of writing were a quill pen and berry ink. -Writing originated when priests would
record a surplus of food and the distribution of food.
-Early people used pictograms. -Early people also wrote true stories
and myths.
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6. Organized large-scale projects To control flooding, dams and earthen
dikes were built