Revision analog electronics
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Transcript of Revision analog electronics
REVISION ANALOG
ELECTRONICS
Prepared by: Cesar Mendoza Applied Technology Teacher
Revison:
1. Module 1: Semiconductor –Diode2. Module 2: BJT Transistor3. Module 3: Operational Amplifier4. Module 4: Application of
Semiconductor5. Module 5: Project
Project- automatic fan controller
Operational
Amplifier
What is Operational Amplifier?Operational Amplifier is an electronic devices which amplifies small ac or dc signal and perform basic operation as addition, subtraction multiplication and so on.
Fig. Operational amplifier (LM741)
Operational Amplifier
_
+
Vin1 V in2
+V
-V
V out
Op Amp has 2 inputsInverting
Input
Non-Inverting
Input
Voltage Output
Inverting Input- the input where output will change to the opposite sign.Non-Inverting Input- the input where output will not change to the opposite sign.
Operational Amplifier
_
+
Vin1 V in2
+V
-V
V out
Op Amp has voltage supply, +V and -V
Negative (-) supply voltage
Positive (+) supply voltage
OP-AMP is an IC or Integrated Circuit made of many components
Operational Amplifier
Characteristic of Operational amplifier…….
1. High input impedance2. Output impedance is zero3. Open loop gain is high
(10,000x)
What is the use of Operational Amplifier?
Operational Amplifier -amplifies small AC or DC Signal.
Operational Amplifier can also do basic operation : add, subtract, multiply (amplify) etc.
_
+
Vin1 V in2
+V
-V V out = A x (Vin2 – Vin1)Gain (A) = V out
V in
V out
Open Loop Gain = 100,000 x
Op Amp as Comparator.
Op Amp compares Vin1 and Vin2:
If Vin 2 > Vin1 therefore: V out = +V
If Vin1 > Vin2 V out = -V
Op Amp as Comparator.
Example: The +V= 15V and; If Vin1= 4mV and –V = -15V
Vin2 = 6 mV
Therefore: Vin2 > Vin2 So, Vout= 15V
Op Amp compares Vin1 and Vin2:
If Vin 2 > Vin1 therefore: V out = +VIf Vin1 > Vin2 V out = -V
Project- automatic fan controller
Operational
Amplifier
Pin Number or Configuration
Fig. LM 311 Op Amp IC
Fig. LM 741 Op Amp IC
Pin Number or ConfigurationPin Configuration is the assignment of Pin number with the corresponding use.
Pin 1 and Pin 5: Offset null input; used to remove the Offset voltage (a small DC voltage that exists at the op-amp inputs that will contribute to a significant error at the output).
Pin 2: Inverting input (-VIN); signals at this pin will be inverted at output Pin 6.
Pin 3: Non-inverting input (+VIN); signals at pin 3 will be processed without inversion.
Pin 4: Negative power supply terminal (-VCC). Pin 6: Output (VOUT) of the Op-Amp Pin 8: No connection (N\C), it is just there to make it a
standard 8-pin package
Pin Number or Configuration
Other uses of Op Amp.
1. Inverting Amplifier2. Non inverting
amplifier3. Summing Amplifier4. Differential amplifier5. Voltage follower6. Integrator7. Differentiator
Revision Question1. ________________is an electronic devices
which amplifies small ac or dc signal and perform basic operation as addition, subtraction multiplication and so on.
2. ________________- input of Op Amp where the output is changed to opposite sign.
3. ________________ the open loop gain of Op Amp.
4. ________________ use of an Op Amp with no feedback. where it compares Vin2 and Vin2.
5. ________________ the arrangement of Pin of an integrated circuit of IC.
6. ________________ is the Pin number of the output of a LM741 operational amplifier.
Application of Op amp.
Project- automatic fan controller
Do you understand now the purpose of the operational amplifier in this circuit? Answer: To Compare input pin 3 and pin 2.
What is the Input in Pin 3 and Pin 2?Voltage Divider Circuit
(Reference)
What is the Input in Pin 3 and Pin 2?Voltage Divider Circuit (Sensor)
Voltage Divider…
Potentiometer of Variable Resistor
A
B
C
A
B
C
R1
R2
Vcc
So, Vin2 could be from 0-12V?
And Vin1 depends on the value of NTC?
What is NTC?NTC is a Thermistor or Thermal Resistor that converts Temperature to Change in Resistance.
It has two (2) types; NTC and PTC
NTC – Negative Temperature Coefficient. As temp increses, resistance Decrease.PTC – Positive Temperature Coefficient. As tempincrease, resistance increases.
Temperature, deg C
Temperature, deg C
Resis
tanc
e ,
ohm
Resis
tanc
e ,
ohm
NTC PTC
Voltage Divider…
A
B
C
R1
The voltage VC changes the resistance of the Thermistor changes.
VB = Vcc x RNTC . R1 + RNTC
Vcc
Revision Question
6. ________________ a circuit that divided the voltage proportionally with the value of resistors connected in series.
7. _______________ a thermal resistor that converts temperature in change in resistance.
8. _______________ use of an Op Amp with no feedback. where it compares Vin2 and Vin2.
9. ________________ the arrangement of Pin of an integrated circuit of IC.
Voltage Divider…
A
B
C
R1
Vc = Vcc x RNTC . R1 + RNTC
Vcc
If R1 = 10,000 RNTC = 10,000 @ 30 deg C
VB = 10V x ( 10,000/20,000)VB = 5V
Voltage Divider…
A
B
C
R1
Vcc = 10V
If R1 = 10,000 RNTC = 10,000 @ 30 deg C
VB = 10V x ( 10,000/20,000)VB = 5V
If RNTC = 8,000 @ 50 deg C
VB = 10V x (8,000/ 18,000)VB = 4.44 V
So, Vin2 could be from 0-12V?
Potentiometer.
B
C
A
Vcc= 10V
IF Vcc = 10 V
Therefore: VBC = 0V – 10 V
V
Potentiometer.
B
C
A
Vcc= 10V
VBC = 0V
V
B
C
A
Vcc= 10V
VBC = 10V
V
Potentiometer.
B
C
A
Vcc= 10V
So, in the middle VBC = 5V
V
I will combine potentiometer circuit and the Voltage divider circuit with NTC
B
C
A
Vcc= 10V
A
B
C
R1
Vcc
So, this 2 circuit is the input to the operational amplifier
So, this 2 circuit is the input to the operational amplifier
So, if Vin2 > Vin3 = Vout = +12V
IN THIS FIGURE ONLY
So, if Vin2 > Vin3 = Vout = +12V
IN THIS FIGURE ONLY
Voltage Output
The Vout = +12V will activate the Driver Transistors
What is Transistor? BJT?
BJT - is a three-terminal semiconductor device, whose operation depends upon the flow of electric charge carriers within the solid.
Transistor is derived from the combination of two words, “Transfer-Resistance”. It means that it is a device, which transfers a low resistance into a circuit having high resistance
Transistor…
Transistor ID.
Low PowerSmall Packages
Medium PowerMedium Packages
High Powerbig Packages
Transistor Action…
The base is 0.7V (or slightly more) positive of its emitter The base is 0.7V (or slightly more) positive of its emitter The base is 0.7V (or slightly more) positive of its emitter
Its emitter is its negative terminal. The collector is several volts positive of its emitter. The base is 0.7V (or slightly more) positive of its
emitter
Use of Transistor.Transistor is used as:
1. Switch2. Amplifier.
Small Base Current
Will Turn ON the Transistor
Transistor as switch…
When switch is closed:
1. Small base current is applied to the base.
2. LED B is DIM (small current)
3. Transistor is turned ON allowing emitter-collector current which is bigger.
4. LED C will have a bright light (big current)
So, if Vin2 > Vin3 = Vout = +12V
IN THIS FIGURE ONLY
Voltage Output
The Vout = +12V will activate the Driver Transistors
R Base
So if the output of the OP Amp is Hi, it will provide base current to the transistor making it ON thus Energizing the Relay.
What is a Relay?
Relay – an electrically operated switch. It is made of coil and set of contacts, NO NC.
R Base
Small Current
Big current
Med Current
AC power Supply
Conclusion
We Learned About:1. Application of Semiconductor
Devices: transistor diode, etc..2. Learned the operation of transistor3. WE learn operational amplifier and
it uses.4. We make use of LED as indicator
of current.
Thank You For
Listening
What is voltage divider circuit?