Review Lecture II
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Review Lecture II
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3 pathways to degradation in the lysosome
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3 possible fates of receptor proteins in an epithelial cell
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cholesterol is releasedin lysosome
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Glucose transporters can be stored in recycling endosomes
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3 best understood protein sorting pathways in the trans Golgi network
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Intracellular signaling pathways
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4 types of intercellular signaling
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4 types of intercellular signaling
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Autocrine signaling allow a group of cells but not a single cell to respond to a differentiation signal
coordinates decisions by a group of identical cells
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An animal cell depends on extracellular signals to survive or divide
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An animal cell depends on extracellular signals to differentiate. Without extracellular signals the
cell will die
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Extracellular signaling molecules can bind to intracellular receptors
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Signaling molecules that bind to nuclear receptors are small and hydrophobic
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G-protein accepts GTP and disassemble into two active subunits
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Activation of gene transcription by cAMP
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Activation of gene transcription by cAMP
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Ca2+ and diacylglycerol activate protein kinase C
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Ras is activated by tyrosine kinase
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Tubulin heterodimer is the microtubule subunit
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Microtubule structure
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Structure of actin
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Growing and shrinking microtubules
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Model of intermediate filaments
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Polymerization of tubulin is nucleated by the γ-tubulin ring
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Model for actin filament nucleation by ARP complex
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Actin bundles in a microvillus
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Actin filament dynamics and platelet activation
in
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Accessory proteins in a sarcomere
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Two membrane system that relays signal to contract muscle cells
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Ca2+ relieves tropomyosin blockage
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Attachment of dynein to cargo filled vesicle
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CdK activity can be suppressed by inhibitory proteins
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Assembly of pre-replicative complex during G1 phase
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Overview of cell cycle control system
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Caspase cascade occurs during apoptosis
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Mitogens stimulate G1-Cdk and G1/S-Cdk activities
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Cell growth like cell division is also stimulated by extracellular signals
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Summary of cell junctions found in the cell
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Summary of junctional and non-junctional adhesive mechanisms
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GAG and its core protein form proteoglycan
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Fibroblast surrounded by collagen fibrils
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Fibronectin is an extracellular protein that helps cells attach to the matrix
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Integrin is a transmembrane heterodimer
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FAK deficient fibroblasts have more focal adhesions and can not spread