Remember…. Cell Theory- 1.All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2.The cells is the...
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Transcript of Remember…. Cell Theory- 1.All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2.The cells is the...
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Remember….• Cell Theory-
1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cells is the basic unit of structure.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
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Cell Theory #2 In Detail
• ORGANIZATION of LT– Cells -> Tissues – Tissues organize into
organs– Multiple organs work
together to for an organ system
– All systems work together for survival of the organism
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Why does a cell need to divide?
IN GENERAL-• All organisms grow and change• Worn-out tissues are repaired or are replaced by
newly produced cells.
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Why does a cell need to divide?
SPECIFICALLY: Cell Size Limitations1. Diffusion: short distances = efficient; long
distances = inefficient • Think running 1/4mi vs. running 24 mi.
2. DNA: must be copied and made into protein to make necessities…can only be done so fast.
• Think about copying homework for 1 class in 5 minutes vs. 7 classes in 5 minutes
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http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2815/S324_1_009i.jpg
3. Surface Area-to-Volume ratio: volume will become
to much for the PM’s surface area to handle.• Think about a city growing, but no one builds new
roads or bridges etc.= traffic jam
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A Cell’s Life – Describe the cell cycle
The Cell Cycle
1. Interphase – Longest Part of Cycle – “Growing Stage” - cell grows (G1, S, G2)– carries on metabolism, spends most of its time
here. (G1, S, G2)– DNA is copied (S only)
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A Cell’s Life – Describe the cell Cycle
2. Mitotic Phasea.) Mitosis : chromosomes divide
b.) Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides into 2
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HONORS• Chromatin - long strands of DNA wrapped
around histones.
• Must copy DNA
• Supercoil to form chromosomes composed of two halves called sister chromatids: exact copies of each other held together by centromeres
micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ cells/nucleus/images/chr...
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How do cells reproduce/divide?
a.) Mitosis-
I. Prophase –– longest phase– Sister chromatids join – Nucleus (envelope and nucleolus)
disintegrate
mg.sparknotes.com/
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8.2 Cell Growth and ReproductionMitosis cont’
II. Metaphase –
– Chromosomes pulled to the equator (middle)
mg.sparknotes.com/
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8.2 Cell Growth and ReproductionMitosis cont’
III. Anaphase-– Chromosomes split and sister
chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
mg.sparknotes.com/
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8.2 Cell Growth and Reproduction
IV. Telophase- – Chromatids reach the
opposite poles (ends),
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What is Cytokinesis?b.). Cytokinesis - cytoplasm divides,
cells separate into two daughter cells.
mg.sparknotes.com/
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Honors: What is cytokinesis?• Animal cells: plasma membrane
pinches in along the equator
• Plant cells: a cell plate is laid down across the cell’s equator and a cell membrane forms around each cell. New cell walls form on each side of the cell plate until separation is complete
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What is the end result of Mitosis?• Two identical cells that are identical to the original
parent cell. – will carry out the same cellular processes and functions as
those of the parent cell – will grow and divide too
Specifically - • Unicellular organisms = doubled number of organisms.
Called asexual reproduction
• Multicellular organisms = growth = more tissue.
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Can you find all the stages?