All organisms are made of cells Cells are mostly liquid. Surrounding the cells is also liquid. *
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Transcript of 1 All cells are living All cells come from other cells All cells are made from 1 or more cells Cells...
1
All cells are living All cells come
from other cellsAll cells are made
from 1 or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms
Yeah-but where did cells come from to begin with?
In earlier times people thought that live spontaneously generated. How was this disproven?
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Summarize both experiments in your own words
Analyze what their experiments meant to the time period they performed them
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Found they could create a organic compounds by simulating Earths early atmosphere.
What are organic compounds?
How does this apply to the theory of evolution or the origins of life?
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Sidney Fox 1992Created protocell or
protobiontLarge, ordered
structure, enclosed by a membranes that carries out growth and division
Primordial Soup AA Protobionts
What
is primord
ial
soup?
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What experiments have you looked at and what do they support? How?
How does this relate to evolution. Give 2 specific justifications.
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RNA in the PastSelf ReplicationCatalyze
reactionsProtein took over
catalyzing reactions and building cells and RNA is now used to build proteins
DNAMore stable than RNA
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Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes
Mitochondria and chloroplastsRibosomesDNAReproduce
independently of cell
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Can you tell a chicken from a fish? A human from a turtle? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/guess-embryo.html
Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity
When you are done get your INB ready for cornell notes on the History of Evolutionary Thought.
11http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2317_odyultim.html#answer
Evolution is a gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time. The structures, behaviors, interactions, and internal processes observed in the millions of species on this planet are the result of the process of evolution.
Charles Darwin stated that evolution by natural selection explained how populations of organisms evolve.
1. Embryology2. DNA sequences3. Fossils4. Anatomical structures5. Biogeography
Similarity in Similarity in embryo development shows a shows a close relationship (vertebrate embryos all (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill slits)have tail & gill slits)
Sure you can…Sure you can…complete complete “Timing is “Timing is everything” everything” activityactivity
by comparing the DNA sequences of two organisms or the amino acid sequences made from the DNA, scientists can learn which organisms are related; the more DNA two organisms have in common, the more closely related they are
2. DNA
An inherited trait that increases the population’s chances of survival and reproduction is an adaptation
•homologous structures: structure with different functions found in different species and thought to be inherited from common ancestors
ex: whales, cats and birds all have the same # and type of bones in the forelimbs but their functions are different
•analogous structures:have the different structures but the same function & do not show a close relationship
Come up with your own examples
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In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the deeper it is, the older it is.
Give us information about extinct species.Only a picture in time-incomplete
IncompleteNot everything that
lived is preservedPunctuated
equilibriumSpeciation (an event
where a new species is created)
StasisStabilizing Selection
SequentialAbility to find
evolutionary trends throughout the times
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ConvergentDistantly related
organisms develop same traits because of environmental pressures
AnalogousBird, moth, bat
Divergent EvolutionSpecies that were
once similar to a common ancestor become increasingly distinct (finches)
HomologousArm, wing, flipper
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Catastrophism Uniformatiarianism
Lamarck Darwin
Inheritance Of Acquired TraitsTraits Acquired During Ones Lifetime
Would Be Passed To Offspring
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What happened in 30-50 MY’s?
•Charles Lyell - proposed earth formed MYA not thousands of years ago
•Thomas Malthus – struggle for existence through available resources
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• John Baptiste Lamarck 1700’s – Inheritance of acquired Characteristics and Law of Use and Disuse
• Alfred Russel Wallace – came to the same conclusions as Darwin
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:
Hardy-Weinberg – researched changes in allelic frequencies. For example, what might happen in a population of mice, if their ability to run quickly and escape predation was due to a single genetic trait?
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1st to group similar organisms and assign them Latin names (Taxonomy)
Binomial Nomenclature (Genus species)
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Charles DarwinWrote On the Origin
of Species by Means of Natural Selection AKA The OriginFossil RecordTaxonomyComparative AnatomyComparative
EmbryologyBiogeography
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38Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836
Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South America
Very Different ClimatesAnimals On Islands Unique
TortoisesIguanasFinches
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What differences do you see in the Galapagos Islands
Tortoises?
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Finches resembled a mainland finchMore types of finches appeared where the
available food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…)
Finches had different types of beaks adapted to type of food gathering…ex of:Speciation
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How did the finch speciation occur? What environmental,
genetic, physical changes took place?
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What a Beak Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate on speciation/ natural selection
Peppered Moth Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate natural selection due to environmental changes.
Easter Island Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used for natural selection due to human impact
Natural Selection lab can be used
The pressures that act as an agent of change in populations or maintain a status quo
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FitAbility to survive
Multitude of variables
Those that survive go on to…..___________
Natural selectionActs on variations
What is a variation?It is….____________If the variation helps
the organisms to survive it will _______________
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Write what you see in your notes.
What are the letters?
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Producing changes in populations not individuals!
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Write a description in your notebook for B, C, D
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Volcanism
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Rate of mutation Depends on how
advantageous mutation/variation is
Speed up evolution
Pesticide ResistanceAntibiotic Resistance
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How many young are born and successfully live:Inherited Variationk & r selected
speciesFinite supply of
resources
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List how these organisms evolved to geography:CactusPolar BearCrocodileFish
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What does ‘geo’ mean?
Diversification through geologic changes
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Mating Rituals (include Non-random mating)Runaway SelectionCourtship
Territory
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Bottleneck Effect Founders Effect
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Sympatric SpeciationSpeciation without
geographic barrierPolyploidy
Allopatric SpeciationSpecies separated
geographically
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