Regents Biology 2003-2004

Lipids:

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LipidsConcentrated energy molecules

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Structure of Fatty Acid

Polar End Nonpolar chain

Regents Biology 2003-2004

Lipids Examples

Fats- triglyclerideOils- triglyceridesWaxesphospholipidshormones

sex hormonestestosterone (male)

estrogen (female)

Regents Biology 2003-2004

Lipids

Function: energy storage

very concentrated twice the energy as carbohydrates! Animals convert excess carbohydrates into fat

cell membrane cushions organs insulates body

think whale blubber!

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Forming Fat

not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”

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Structure of Fat

not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”

3 fatty acids

1 glycerol

Ester link

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Saturated fats Most animal fats

solid at room temperature

Limit the amount in your diet contributes to

heart disease deposits in

arteries

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Unsaturated fats Plant, vegetable & fish fats

liquid at room temperature the fat molecules

don’t stack tightlytogether

Better choice in your diet

Regents Biology 2003-2004

Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated

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Hydrogenated Fats Industrial process Adds hydrogen atoms to the double bonds

in unsaturated triglyceride (liquid fats, ie. Canola oil)

Converts them to semi-solid fats (ie. Margarine or shortening)

Regents Biology 2003-2004

Other lipids in biology Cholesterol

good molecule in cell membranes make hormones from it

including sex hormones but too much cholesterol in blood may

lead to heart disease

Regents Biology 2003-2004

Other lipids in biology Cell membranes are made out of lipids

phospholipids heads are on the outside touching water

“like” water tails are on inside away from water

“scared” of water forms a barrier

between the cell & the outside