AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small...

19
AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils

Transcript of AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small...

Page 1: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Lipids: Fats & Oils

Page 2: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Lipids Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and

small amts of Oxygen long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

Do not form polymers They are big molecules made of smaller subunits not a continuing chain

Page 3: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

2006-2007 AP Biology

Lipid Functionslong term energy storage

InsulationWaterproofing

Hormone Production

Page 4: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Fats Structure:

Fats, Oils and Waxes are made of a Glycerol molecule (3-Carbon alcohol) + fatty acid fatty acid =

long Hydrogen/Carbon “tail” with carboxyl (COOH) group head

dehydration synthesis

H2O

enzyme

Page 5: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Building Fats Triacylglycerol

3 fatty acids linked to glycerol ester linkage = between OH & COOH…links a

glycerol to fatty acids. hydroxyl carboxyl

Page 6: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

H2O

H2O

H2O

H2O

enzyme

enzyme

enzyme

Page 7: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Fats store energy Long Fatty Acid Tail

It is non-polar Hydrophobic (repels water)

Function: energy storage

2x what is given in carbohydrates cushion organs insulates body

think whale blubber!

Page 8: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Saturated fatty acids All Carbon bonded to Hydrogen No C=C double bonds

long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp.

contributes to cardiovascular disease = plaque deposits

Page 9: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Unsaturated fatty acid tail C=C double bonds in the fatty acids

plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature

the kinks made by doublebonded Carbon prevent the molecules from packing tightly together

Page 10: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated

Page 11: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Phospholipids Structure:

Made of a glycerol molecule + 2 fatty acids + PO4 (phosphate group) PO4 = negatively charged

Page 12: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

fatty acid tails = PO4 head = split “personality”

interaction with H2O is complex & very important!

“repelled by water”

“attracted to water”

hydrophobic

hydrophillic (attracted to water)

Page 13: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Phospholipids in water Hydrophilic heads “attracted” to H2O

Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O can self-assemble into “bubbles”

bubble = “micelle” can also form a phospholipid bilayer early evolutionary stage of cell?

bilayer

water

water

Page 14: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Why is this important? Phospholipids create a barrier in water

define outside vs. inside they make cell membranes!

Page 15: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Steroids Structure:

4 fused Carbon rings + One Functional Grp?? different steroids created by attaching different

functional groups to rings Important: different structure = different function

examples: cholesterol, sex hormones

cholesterol

Page 16: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Cholesterol- type of Steroid Important cell component

animal cell membranes

- keeps fatty acid tails from sticking together precursor of all other steroids

including vertebrate sex hormones high levels in blood may contribute to

cardiovascular disease

Page 17: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

Cholesterol

helps keep cell membranes

fluid & flexible

Important component of cell membrane

Page 18: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

From Cholesterol Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make!

Page 19: AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology Lipids  Lipids are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amts of Oxygen  long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)

AP Biology

LIPIDS All Lipids are INSOLUBLE in water!