Regents Biology 2006-2007

Regents Biology

Photosynthesis:Life from Light and Air

Regents Biology

Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live

unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy

Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY animals are consumers plants are producers

Regents Biology

How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun

to make ATP energy to make sugars

glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more

sun

ATP

sugars

Regents Biology

H2O

Building plants from sunlight & air Photosynthesis

2 separate processes ENERGY building reactions

collect sun energy use it to make ATP

SUGAR building reactions take the ATP energy collect CO2 from air &

H2O from ground use all to build sugars

ATP

sun

sugars

+

carbon dioxide

CO2

sugarsC6H12O

6

CO2

water

H2O+

Regents Biology

Using light & air to grow plants

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2sun

energy+ ++

glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

sunenergy+ water +

(ATP) = used to build the sugar

Photosynthesis using sun’s energy to make ATP using CO2 & water to make sugar in chloroplasts allows plants to grow makes a waste product

oxygen (O2)

Regents Biology

What do plants need to grow? The “factory” for making

energy & sugars chloroplast

Fuels sunlight carbon dioxide water

The Helpers enzymes H2O

sugars

ATP

Make ATP!Make sugar!

I can do it all…And no one

even notices!

enzymes

CO2

sun

Regents Biology

H2O

Photosynthesis

ENERGYbuilding reaction

s

SUGARbuilding reaction

s

ATPADP

CO2

sugar

sun

used immediatelyto synthesize sugars

Regents Biology

Chloroplasts are only in plantsanimal cells

animal cells

plant cellsplant cells

Regents Biology

Chloroplasts

Chloroplastsin cell

Leaf

Leaves

Chloroplast

absorbsunlight & CO2

makeENERGY & SUGAR

Chloroplastscontain

Chlorophyll

CO2

Chloroplast

sun

Regents Biology

Bring In light CO2

H2O Let Out

O2

Move Around sugars

So what does a plant need?

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light

energy + ++

roots

shoot

leaves

Regents Biology

Leaf Structure

phloem (sugar)xylem (water)

stomate

palisadeslayer

spongylayer

cuticleepidermis

guardcells

cuticleepidermis

vascular bundle (vein)

Regents Biology

Transpiration

H2O CO2

CO2

O2 H2O

xylem (water)

stomate guardcells

O2

CO2 in O2 out water out

so it gets to leaves from roots

Regents Biology

Transpiration Water evaporates from

the stomates in the leaves pulls water up from

roots water molecules stick

to each other more water is pulled

up tree from ground

Regents Biology

Function of Leaf Structures Cuticle

waxy coating reduces water loss Epidermis

skin protecting leaf tissues Palisades layer

high concentration of chloroplasts collecting sun’s energy

photosynthesis making ATP & sugars

Spongy layer air spaces

gas exchange CO2 in for sugar production, remove waste O2

Regents Biology

Stomates & Guard Cells Function of stomates

CO2 in O2 out H2O out

gets to leaves for photosynthesis Function of guard cells

open & close stomatesguard cell

stomate

Regents Biology

Guard cells & Homeostasis Homeostasis

keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced

Stomates open let CO2 in

needed to make sugars let H2O out

needed for photosynthesis let O2 out

get rid of waste product

Stomates close if too much H2O evaporating

Regents Biology

Xylemcarry water up from roots

Regents Biology

Phloem: food-conducting cells

carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots

Regents Biology

How are they connected?

glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide

C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +

Respiration

Photosynthesis

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light

energy + ++

glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

sunenergy+ water +

Regents Biology

H2O

Energy cycle

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

sun

The Great Circleof Life!Mufasa?

glucosesugars

O2CO2

plants

animals, plants

ATP

Regents Biology

H2O

Another view…

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

sun

organicmolecules

food

O2CO2

producers, autotrophs

consumers, heterotrophs

synthesis

capturelight energy

digestion

releasechemical energy ATP

wastewastewaste

Regents Biology

The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant

was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal

was built from plant material

Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants…

are really strands of air woven together by sunlight!

sunair

Regents Biology 2006-2007

Got the energy…

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