Reduxexp: An Open-source Justification-based Explanation Support Server
-
Upload
thomas-roth-berghofer -
Category
Technology
-
view
568 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Reduxexp: An Open-source Justification-based Explanation Support Server
Reduxexp: An Open-source Justification-based Explanation Support Server
Thomas Roth-Berghofer & Florian MittagSenior researcher, [email protected] German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence DFKI GmbH
CAMBRIDGE, UK, 11 DEC 2008
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
What are explanations?
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
What are explanations?
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
What are explanations?Explanations are answers to questions.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Explanations are a kind of information.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Truth
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Truth
• Understanding
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Truth
• Understanding
• Utility
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Truth
• Understanding
• Utility
• Storage and retrieval
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Truth
• Understanding
• Utility
• Storage and retrieval
• Information generation
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Truth
• Understanding
• Utility
• Storage and retrieval
• Information generation
Concepts connected with the notion of information
THE COACH TO STANSTED AIRPORT LEAVES
CAMBRIDGE AT 17:30 H.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Basic explanation scenario
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Knowledge sources
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Problem solving
knowledge
Knowledge sources
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Problem solving
knowledge
Explanation
knowledge
Knowledge sources
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Problem solving
knowledge
Explanation
knowledge
Knowledge sources
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example: course assignment
• Professors Descartes and Kant
• Descartes more senior than Kant
• Heuristics:• Try to assign a course to the professor who wants
to teach that course.
• Assign courses to senior professors first.
• Preferences:• Descartes wants to teach course PHL305.
• Kant also wants to teach course PHL305.
• Kant would also teach course PHL380.Immanuel Kant
1724–1804
René Descartes1596–1650
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example: course assignment
• Decisions:• Descartes will teach PHL305.
• Kant will teach PHL380.
• What happens if Descartes could not teach PHL305?
Immanuel Kant 1724–1804
René Descartes1596–1650
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Justification-based Truth Maintenance Systems
• Network of nodes and justifications, which are labelled IN or OUT:• Node is labelled IN <=> at least one of its supporting
justifications is labelled IN
• Justification is labelled IN <=> each element in its IN-list is labelled IN and each element in its OUT-list i labelled OUT
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1
O1
O2
…
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1Conflict
set
O1
O2
…
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1Conflict
set
Decision
O1
O2
…
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1Conflict
set
Decision
Reduction
O1
O2
…
GnG2
…
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1Conflict
set
Decision
Reduction
A1, A2, …
O1
O2
…
GnG2
…
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
REDUX
G1Conflict
set
Decision
Reduction
A1, A2, …
O1
O2
…
GnG2
…
: Goal reduction
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Reduxexp Architecture
• Provenance• who decided
• and when
• Persistence• serialisation of network
into RDF/XML
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Kant enquires about his assignment:
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Kant enquires about his assignment:
FOR EACH assignment IN redux.getAllAssignments() { IF assignment.getName() == "Kant teaches PHL305" RETURN assignment; } IF assignment != null PRINT assignment.isValid();
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Kant: “Why didn’t I get to teach PHL305?”decisions[] = redux.getDecisionsForAssignment(assignment);
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Kant: “Why didn’t I get to teach PHL305?”decisions[] = redux.getDecisionsForAssignment(assignment);
rejections[] = decisions[0].getRejectionReasons();
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Kant: “Why didn’t I get to teach PHL305?”decisions[] = redux.getDecisionsForAssignment(assignment);
rejections[] = decisions[0].getRejectionReasons();
ReduxReason rejection = rejections[0]; PRINT "Assignments: "; FOR EACH a IN rejection.getConditionAssignments { PRINT a.getName() + " by " + a.getCreator(); } PRINT "Facts: "; FOR EACH f IN rejection.getConditionFacts { PRINT f.getName() + " by " + f.getCreator(); } PRINT "Rejected decisions: "; FOR EACH d IN rejection.getConditionDecisions { PRINT d.getName() + " by " + d.getCreator(); }
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Output:Assignments: "Descartes teaches PHL305" by ’Administrator’ Facts: "At most one teacher per course" by ’Administrator’ Rejected decisions: none
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Output:Assignments: "Descartes teaches PHL305" by ’Administrator’ Facts: "At most one teacher per course" by ’Administrator’ Rejected decisions: none
Note:
• Reduxexp does not generate explanations, it supports the process by providing the necessary information
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Example:course assignment
• Output:Assignments: "Descartes teaches PHL305" by ’Administrator’ Facts: "At most one teacher per course" by ’Administrator’ Rejected decisions: none
Note:
• Reduxexp does not generate explanations, it supports the process by providing the necessary information
• Client application supplies semantics.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Take home messages
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Explanations are important for increasing the trustworthiness of decision support systems.
Take home messages
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Explanations are important for increasing the trustworthiness of decision support systems.
• Explanations are part of communication scenario.
Take home messages
Explainer
Originator
User
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Explanations are important for increasing the trustworthiness of decision support systems.
• Explanations are part of communication scenario.
• Explanation provision is only possible if the respective information is available.
Take home messages
Explainer
Originator
User
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
• Explanations are important for increasing the trustworthiness of decision support systems.
• Explanations are part of communication scenario.
• Explanation provision is only possible if the respective information is available.
• Reduxexp is a server for logging / recording decisions.
Take home messages
Explainer
Originator
User
MORE INFORMATION AND DOWNLOAD: HTTP://REDUXEXP.OPENDFKI.DE
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Thomas Roth-Berghofer & Florian MittagSenior researcher, [email protected] German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence DFKI GmbH
Thank you!
Reduxexp: An Open-source Justification-based Explanation Support Server
CAMBRIDGE, UK, 11 DEC 2008
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Invitation to participate
• ExaCt mailing list:http://groups.yahoo.com/group/explanation-research/
• ExaCt 2009 @ IJCAI 2009 http://exact2009.workshop.hm
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009
Publications of ExaCt research group
2008
[Bahls, 2008] Bahls, D. (2008). Explanation support for the case-based reasoning tool myCBR. Project thesis, University of Kaiserslautern.
[Forcher et al., 2008] Forcher, B., Adrian, B., and Roth-Berghofer, T. (2008). Explanations in the information extraction system iDocument. Künstliche Intelligenz, 22(2).
[Mittag, 2008] Mittag, F. (2008). ReduxExp: A justification-based explanation-support server. Project thesis, University of Kaiserslautern.
[Roth-Berghofer and Bahls, 2008] Roth-Berghofer, T. R. and Bahls, D. (2008). Code tagging and retrieval with myCBR. In Petridis, M., Coenen, F., and Bramer, M., editors, Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXV, London, UK. Springer Verlag.
[Roth-Berghofer and Mittag, 2008] Roth-Berghofer, T. R. and Mittag, F. (2008). ReduxExp: A justification-based explanation-support server. Proceedings of AI-2008. the twenty-eighth SGAI international conference on artificial intelligence. In Petridis, M., Coenen, F., and Bramer, M., editors, Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXV, London, UK. Springer Verlag.
[Roth-Berghofer and Richter, 2008a] Roth-Berghofer, T. R. and Richter, M. M., editors (2008a). Künstliche Intelligenz—Topic: Explanation, volume 22, Bremen. BöttcherIT Verlag.
[Roth-Berghofer and Richter, 2008b] Roth-Berghofer, T. R. and Richter, M. M. (2008b). On explanation. Künstliche Intelligenz, 22(2):5–7.
2007
[Bahls and Roth-Berghofer, 2007] Bahls, D. and Roth-Berghofer, T. (2007). Explanation support for the case-based reasoning tool myCBR. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. July 22–26, 2007, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., pages 1844–1845. The AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California.
[Eppert, 2007] Eppert, M. (2007). Generating provenance explanations for the gnowsis rebirth machine - a first pass. Pro ject thesis, University of Kaiserslautern.
2007 (contd.)
[Roth-Berghofer et al., 2007] Roth-Berghofer, T. R., Schulz, S., and Leake, D. B., editors (2007). Proceedings of the AAAI-07 workshop on Explanation-aware Computing ExaCt2007. AAAI Press. Technical Report WS-07-06.
2006
[Richter et al., 2006] Richter, M. M., Roth-Berghofer, T., and Schulz, S., editors (2006). Explanation-aware Computing, volume 25. SAP - Slovak Academic Press Ltd., Bratislava.
2005
[Roth-Berghofer et al., 2005a] Roth-Berghofer, T., Cassens, J., and Sørmo, F. (2005a). Goals and kinds of explanations in case-based reasoning. In Althoff, K.-D., Dengel, A., Bergmann, R., Nick, M., and Roth-Berghofer, T., editors, WM 2005: Professional Knowledge Management, pages 264–268, Kaiserslautern, Germany. DFKI GmbH.
[Roth-Berghofer and Cassens, 2005] Roth-Berghofer, T. R. and Cassens, J. (2005). Mapping goals and kinds of explanations to the knowledge containers of case-based reasoning systems. In Muñoz-Avila, H. and Ricci, F., editors, Case-Based Reasoning Research and Developmen, pages 451–464, Heidelberg. Springer Verlag.
[Roth-Berghofer et al., 2005b] Roth-Berghofer, T. R., Schulz, S., and Woody, A., editors (2005b). Proceedings of the AAAI Fal l Symposium on Explanation-aware Computing ExaCt2005. AAAI Press. Technical Report FS-05-04.
2004
[Roth-Berghofer, 2004] Roth-Berghofer, T. R. (2004). Explanations and Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational issues. In Funk, P. and González-Calero, P. A., editors, Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, pages 389–403. Springer-Verlag.
Samstag, 18. Juli 2009