Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Um Brasil que dá gosto PEST RISK ANALYSIS ON INVASIVE ALIEN...
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Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia
Um Brasil que dá gosto
PEST RISK ANALYSIS ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
THAT THREATEN BRAZILIAN BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
Martins, O.M.; Oliveira, M.R.V. de; Tenente, R.C.V.; Návia, D.; Mendes, M.A.S.; Batista, M.F; Carneiro, R.M.D.G.
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, C.P. 02372, CEP 70970-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
International Plant Health Risk Analysis Workshop24 - 28 October 2005, Niagara Falls, Canada
Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia
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OVERVIEW
BRAZIL’S POSITION TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
WHERE I COME FROM?
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND RESULTS OF THE PROJECT
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Brazil
highest number of diversity species
Protection of cultivated and natural flora, from direct and indirect
damage, by pests or invasive alien species
•Ministry of Environment (MMA)
•Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)
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Ratification of the Convention of Biological Diversity – CBD
United Nations Conference on Development and Environment - Rio de Janeiro, June 5th, 1992.
RELEVANCE OF THE IPPC AND THE CBD TO BRAZIL
Giving responsibility to the Ministry of Environment (MMA) of protecting the biological
diversity
Designation No 2.519, of March 16th, 1998 as a Member of CBD
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Acts of Plant Defense and Inspection:
Designation No 24.114, of April 12th, 1934 and complementary designations.
RELEVANCE OF THE IPPC AND THE CBD TO BRAZIL
Ratification of the International Plant Protection Convention – IPPC: Designation No 318, of 1991.
Protection of cultivated and natural flora
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)
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National Agriculture Research Enterprise (EMBRAPA)
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA)
Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotecnology
Federal enterprise with 37 research centers
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R&D PROJECTS AND STAFF
Projects being coordinated by the Unity: 34
Total of employees : 288 Researchers: 120
Technical support: 78 Administrative support: 70
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RESEARCH TEMATIC GROUPS
Genetic Resources
Biotechnology
Biosecurity
Biological Control
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COLD CHAMBER
PLANT GERMPLASM CONSERVATION
PLANT GERMPLASM COLECTION
GENETIC RESOURCES TEMATIC RESEARCH GROUP
FUNGAL BIOHERBICIDE
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BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST MOSQUITOES
BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST LOCUSTS
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TEMATIC RESEARCH GROUP
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EXOTIC AND OR ECONOMIC PESTS INTERCEPTED AT THE PLANT GERMPLASM QUARANTINE STATION
Products Origin Pests
Blackberry Estados Unidos Coniothyrium sp. Grape Portugal Fusariella sp. Grape Portugal Mycosphaerella sp. Melon Espanha Drechslera sp. Melon Holanda Drechslera sp. Melon França Drechslera bicolor Melon Holanda Ditylenchus emus Potato França Phoma exigua var. foveata Rice Colômbia Curvularia tuberculata Wheat Polônia Tilletia controversa Wheat Polônia Tilletia laevis Bromelia Colômbia Ditylenchus khani Bromelia Colômbia Tylenchocriconema alleni Bromelia Colômbia Aphelenchoides sp. Wood packaging China Monochamus alternatus Wood packaging Malásia Heterobostrychus aequalis Wood packaging Alemanha Hesperophanes sp.
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National Program of Biological Diversity (PRONABIO)
Designation No 1.354, December, 29th, 1994.
Ministry of Environment
Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity Project (PROBIO)
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Alien species causing impact on agricultural production systems and natural areas:
•PRA guidance of the ISPM no 11 (FAO, 2001)
•Semiquantitive model developed by Oliveira & Paula (2002).
Data Collection and Analysis
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Project’s Results
Insects: 12
Bacteria: 12
Virus/Viroids: 17
Mites: 12
Nematodes: 17
Fungi: 23
95 organisms
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Species Taxonomy Aculus schlechtendali Prostigmata: Eriophyidae African cassava mosaic virus Geminiviridae; Begomovirus Aleurocanthus woglumi Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae Aleurodicus dispersus Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae Amphitetranychus viennensis Prostigmata:Tetranychidae Anastrepha suspensa Diptera, Tephritidae Anguina sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Apiosporina morbosa Ascomycota, Venturiaceae Bactrocera carambolae Diptera, Tephritidae Banana bunchy top virus Nanoviridae; Babuvirus Barley stripe mosaic Virus Hordeiviridae; Hordeivirus Brevipalpus chilensis Prostigmata:Tenuipalpidae Cacao swollen shoot virus Caulimoviridae; Badnavirus Cadang cadang viroid Pospiviroidae; Cocadviroid Calacarus citrifolii Prostigmata: Eriophyidae Ceroplastes rubens Hemiptera, Coccidae Chaetocnema basalis Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae Cheiracus sulcatus Prostigmata: Diptilomiopidae Chondrostereum purpureum Basidiomycota, Meruliaceae Clavibacter iranicus Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter sepedonicus subsp. sepedonicus Actinobacteria, Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter tritici Actinobacteria; Microbacteriaceae Colletotrichum kahawae Ascomycota, Phyllachoraceae Cryptaphelenchus sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Aphelenchida, Ektaphelenchidae Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Tobamovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus Potyviridae; Ipomovirus (tentative member)
Invasive alien species that are likely to follow pathways and that can be introduced into the country during agricultural trade.
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Invasive alien species that are likely to follow pathways and that can be introduced into the country during agricultural trade.
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens Actinobacteria, Microbacteriaceae Cydia pommonella Lepidoptera, Tortricidae *Ditylenchus dipsaci Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus emus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus equalis Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus intermedius Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus khani Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus medicaginis Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus nortoni Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus obesus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus parvus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus terricolus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Ditylenchus triformis Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Anguinidae Erwinia amylovora Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae Eutetranychus orientalis Prostigmata: Tetranychidae Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. radicis lycopersici Ascomycota, Nectriaceae) Gibberella fujikuroi Ascomycota, Nectriaceae Gibberella xylarioides Ascomycota, Nectriaceae **Globodera sp. Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Heteroderidae Guignardia bidwellii Ascomycota, Botryosphaeriaceae Guinea grass mosaic virus Potyviridae; Potyvirus Gymnosporangium Basidiomycota, Pucciniaceae Hemileia coffeicola Basidiomycota, Incertae sedis Monilinia fructigena Ascomycota, Sclerotiniaceae Maconellicoccus hirsutus Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae
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Invasive alien species that are likely to follow pathways and that can be introduced into the country during agricultural trade.
Maize streak virus Geminiviridae; Mastrevirus Melon necrotic spot virus Tombusviridae; Carmovirus Moniliophthora roreri Basidiomycota, Tricholomataceae Nectria galligena Ascomycota, Nectriaceae Oncobasidium theobromae Basidiomycota, Ceratobasidiaceae Pantoea stewartii Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriaceae Phoma exigua var. foveata Ascomycota, Incertae sedis Phoma tracheiphila Ascomycota, Incertae sedis Phytophthora boehmeriae Oomycota, Pythiaceae Phytophthora erythroseptica Oomycota, Pythiaceae Plum pox virus Potyviridae; Potyvirus Potato mop top virus Furovirus Potato spindle tuber viroid Pospiviroidae; Pospiviroid Pratylenchus crenatus Nematoda, Secernentea, Tylenchida, Pratylenchidae Premnotrypes vorax Coleoptera, Curculionidae Prostephanus truncatus Coleoptera, Bostrichidae Prune dwarf virus Bromoviridae; Ilarvirus Raoiella indica Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae Scirtothrips dorsalis Thysanoptera, Thripidae Squash leaf curl virus Geminiviridae; Begomovirus Stagonospora sacchari Ascomycota, Incertae sedis Steneotarsonemus spinki Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae
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Invasive alien species that are likely to follow pathways and that can be introduced into the country during agricultural trade.
Sternochetus mangiferae Coleoptera, Curculionidae Sugarcane fiji disease virus Reoviridae; Fijivirus Synchytrium endobioticum Chytridiomycota, Synchytriaceae Tetranychus mcdanieli Prostigmata: Tetranychidae Tetranychus pacificus Prostigmata: Tetranychidae Thecaphora solani Basidiomycota, Glomosporiaceae Tilletia controversa Basidiomycota, Tilletiaceae Tilletia indica Basidiomycota, Tilletiaceae Tomato ringspot virus Comoviridae; Nepovirus ***Trichodorus sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Adenophorea, Triplonchida, Trichodoridae Trogoderma granarium Coleoptera, Dermestidae Urocystis agropyri Basidiomycota, Urocystaceae Xanthomonas cassavae Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae ***Xiphinema sp. (juveniles) Nematoda, Adenophorea, Dorylaimida, Longidoridae Xylophilus ampelinus Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae
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Species Position as invasive Ecolocgical Distribution Ecosystems
Impact
Potential Present Agrícola Natural Urban Economic Environ mental
Social
Aleurodicus dispersus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Anastrepha suspensa YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Bactrocera carambolae YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Aleurocanthus woglumi YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Ceroplastes Rubens YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Chaetocnema basalis YES YES YES YES YES Maconellicoccus hirsutus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Premnotrypes vorax YES YES YES YES YES YES Prostephanus truncatus YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Scirtothrips dorsalis YES YES YES YES YES YES Sternochetus mangiferae YES YES YES YES YES Trogoderma granarium YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Cydia pommonella YES YES YES YES YES
Examples of insects compilation
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Relevancy of obtained information Pest Categorization 0 – 0,9
1,0 – 1,9
2,0 – 2,9
3,0 – 3,9
4,0 – 4,9
5 Ponctuation
Stage 1. Pest identification 5 5 Subtotal Mean Score 5 5
Stage 2. Introduction and dispersion
2.1. Climatic conditions 5 5 2.2. Introduction 5 5 2.3. Entry 5 5 2.4. Pathways 5 5 2.5. Host plant 5 5 2.6. Establishment 5 5 2.7. Dispersion 5 5
Subtotal Mean Score 5 5 3. Economic and environmental consequences
3.1. Environmental 5 5 3.2. Economic 5 5
Subtotal Mean Score 5 5
Total Mean Score/3 5
PRA summary
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Frequency/ punctuation
Risk Interpretation
0 - 0,9 Not significant
The pest does not represent risk to the PRA area.
1,0 – 1,9 Very low The pest, even in contact with host plant material suitable to reproduction, does not survive in the commodity being imported or in the PRA area.
2,1 – 2,9 Low The pest can be in touch with host plant material suitable to reproduction. However, it will need others host plants or suitable climate conditions for the pest to survive and reproduced. A wide range of host plants must be considered in other to the pest to associate.
3,0 – 3,9 Medium Specific phytosanitary measures can be necessary.
4,0 – 4,9 High Specific phytosanitary measures are recommended. The inspection at the port of entry is sufficient to offer security.
5,0 Very high Specific phytosanitary measures are highly recommended. The inspection at the port of entry is sufficient to offer security.
Risk factor associated with the pest
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Databases:
http://icewall2.cenargen.embrapa.br:84/micweb/michtml/micbanco01a.asp - Fungi related to Brazil
http://icewall2.cenargen.embrapa.br:83/nemweb/nemhtml/nembanco01p.asp - Nematodes related to Brazil
Unit homepage address: http://www.cenargen.embrapa.br
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Thank you all very much