A SEMINAR ONREACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI

B.TECH 3RD YEAR

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SHRI RAM MURTI SMARAK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY (UNNAO)

OUTLINE

Introduction of power.

Type of Power.

Analogy of power.

Need for reactive power compensation.

Compensation techniques.

Compensation using with power electronics devices.

Conclusion.

POWER

Electrical power is the rate at which electrical

energy is transferred by an electrical circuit.

Generally electrical energy is produced at 11kV

with the help of synchronous generators.

Then it step up at the level 132kV,220kV,440kV

and 765kV and transmitted to the Grid.

1) Active Power-kW is Working Power (also called Actual Power or Active

Power or Real Power). It is the power that actually powers the equipment

and performs useful work.

2) Reactive Power- kVAR is Reactive Power. It is the power that magnetic

equipment (transformer, motor, relay etc.) needs to produce the

magnetizing flux.

3) Apparent Power-kVA is Apparent Power. It is the “vectorial summation”

of KVAR and KW.

TYPES OF POWER

What's common for Beer Mug and Power Factor?

NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

Improves system power factor.

Reduces network losses.

Reduces cost and generates higher revenue for the customer.

Increases system capacity and saves cost on new installations.

Improves voltage regulation in the network.

Increases power availability.

Keep in mind that whenever energy is expended, you pay. It makes no

difference whether the energy is expended in the form of heat or

useful work.

THE NEED OF CAPACITORWE OPERATE ON ALL LOADS IN THE NETWORK

Reactive Power

Compensation /Harmonic Filter

Reactive Power

Compensation /Harmonic Filter

Reactive Power

Compensation /Harmonic Filter

COMPENSATION

IMPLIMENTING THE COMPENSATION IN THE NETWORK

M M M

M

*A

*B

*C

*D

Shunt compensation of reactive power can be employed either

at load level, substation level or at transmission level.

Compensation should be provided as close as possible to the

consumption point to avoid having to distribute this power in

the other part of network.

Location is primarily determined by the reason for

compensation.

*A : Direct Compensation

*B : Group Compensation

*C : Central Compensation at LV side

*D : Central Compensation at HV side

COMPENSATING WITH THE USE OF SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER

Synchronous generators can generate or absorb reactive

power depending on the excitation.

When overexcited they supply reactive power, and when

under excited they absorb reactive power.

COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE WITH POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICE

The Thyristor-controlled Reactor (TCR)

Figure 2.1 Thyristor-based circuit

The configuration of a typical TCR is shown in the fig.The controller is an antiparallel

thyristor pair. Each of them conducts on alternate half cycles of the supply frequency.

The Static VAR Compensator (SVC)

SVC is the most popular FACTs devices in the recent years. It typically

consists of a TCR in parallel with a capacitor bank.

The Thyristor-controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)

Kinney et al. proposed the concept of the TCSC in 1994 . A TCSC is made up of a TCR

in parallel with a fixed capacitor. Compared to TCR and SVC, TCSC is a series

connected controller instead of a shunt-connected device

How reactive power is helpful to maintain a system healthy

NEED OF REACTIVE POWER

CONCLUSION

The main development trend of power devices has always been focusing

on increasing the power ratings while improving the overall device

performance in term of reduced losses, increasing robustness, better

controllability and reliable behavior under normal and faulty condition.

SVCs devices are used in Grid for voltage controllability and power

stability. The future scope of SVCs device will be very large.

Reference and bibliography

“Reactive power compensation technologies’’ JUAN DIXON,

SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE.

Power system stability and control by PRABHA KUNDUR.

Need for reactive power compensation by ABB.

www.electrical-engineering portal.com

“Reactive power compensation based on FACTS devices”

presented by Xunchi Wu.

Kinney, S.J., Mittelstadt, W.A., Suhrbier, R.W., 1995, Test Results

and Initial Operating Experience for the BPA 500kV Thyristor

Controlled Series Capacitor,in IEEE Technical Conference and

Workshops Northcon 95, Portland, Oregon, USA, Oct. 1995, New

York, pp. 268-273.

Queries