Pyrolysis oil

1

Kasperi Karhapää

Fortum Otso®

FIBIC –seminar20.11.2013, Fortum

2

Titles

1) Why Fortum decided to produce pyrolysis oil

2) How pyrolysis oil is produced

3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics

4) Where to use pyrolysis oil

5) Future visions

6) “Broad” sustainability of pyrolysis oil

1) Why Fortum decided to produce pyrolysis oil

3

Intermediate goal on the way towards solar power is the use of biomass – in solid, liquid and gas form

Future energy system is based on emission free and inexhaustible energy sources

4

Why pyrolysis oil is Fortum’s selection

• Fast pyrolysis is one of the most cost efficient ways to liquefy biomass

• Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form

• Helps to decrease CO2 – emissions, SOx emissions

• Pyrolysis oil production is integrated into CHP-power plant. Benefits of integrating include: – Increase in CHP-plant’s utilization rate

– Complete utilization of by-products in energy production

– Combined raw material and fuel purchase, combined control room operations

• Yearly production is 50 000 tons of pyrolysis oil

Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form

5

© OECD/IEA 2012 (Anselm Eisentraut, Jönköping 30.5.2012)

6

2) Production of pyrolysis oil

CHP –boiler integrated process

7

3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics

Source: VTT

• Sulphur ’free’

• Acidic, pH 2‒3

• Viscosity between HFO and LFO

• Lower Heating Value 13-18 MJ/kg (LHV)

• Water content 20-35 p-%

• Flash point 40-110 °C

• Density 1.1-1.3 kg/l

8

4) Where to use pyrolysis oil

• Replace HFO– In Finland about 400–600 heat boilers use HFO or

LFO as main fuel.

– Environmental norms for <50 MW boilers tightening (PINO –norms)• Especially sulphur limits make the use of HFO more

difficult in the future

– Switching a heating boiler from HFO to pyrolysis oil requires relatively small investment

• In the future– Refining – requires scientific work

– Diesel engines

– Gas turbines

– Co-firing

5) Future visions

Biooil

Transportation Fuels

Boiler Upgrade ReformGasify

Separate

Engine

Turbine

ElectricityHeat Hydrogen Chemicals

Synthesis

Biooil

Transportation Fuels

Boiler Upgrade ReformGasify

Separate

Engine

Turbine

ElectricityHeat Hydrogen Chemicals

Synthesis

Lähde: Biomass Pyrolysis, IEA Task 34 Booklet

6) “Broad” sustainability of pyrolysis oil

10

Raw material

• Renewable wood– Harvesting residues, saw dust, wood from energy thinnings

• Sustainably produced– Sustainability controlled with sustainability system

Total efficiency in integrated concept

• Increased total efficiency of the existing CHP-plants

• Complete utilization of pyrolysis oil production by-products in energy production

• Pyrolysis oil use in existing heating boilers

Green “addings”

• Pyrolysis oil is green fuel for the heating boilers

• Decreasing SOx emissions

• Increased green electricity production in the integrated concept

Thank you!

11

Fortum Otso®

Kasperi KarhapääHead of pyrolysis and business developmentkasperi.karhapaa@fortum.com