Pump-Up• How do you think the Allies are able to win WWII?

Allied Victory

Today’s Vocabulary • D-Day– Turning point of the war in Europe.

• Manhattan Project– Top secret project to build the atomic bomb.

Tide Turns in Europe • The British attacked Rommel one night by surprise.

– Rommel retreats. • Rommel is defeated when he is caught between the British and American

armies in May 1943.

• Hitler lays siege to Stalingrad.– Stalin told his army to defend the city to the death.

• The Soviet troops launched a counterattack.– The Germans were now on the defensive (Feb. 1943).

• The Allies capture Sicily from the Italians (Aug 1943)– The new king has Mussolini arrested and surrendered.

• Hitler puts Mussolini back into power.

• The Allies enter Rome on June 4, 1944.– The Italians find Mussolini trying to escape.

• They shoot him and hang his body for all to see.

Hitler’s Defensive War• Operation Overlord: D-Day (June

6, 1944)– The invasion of Normandy was the

largest attack in history; 3 million troops.

– By July the Allies marched into Paris.– The Germans were now fighting a

defensive war.

• Battle of the Bulge– Hitler decided to counter-attack to

split up the Americans and British forces and supplies. • Since the Allies were pushed back, it

was given the name Battle of the Bulge.

– The Allies eventually pushed the Germans back and they began to retreat.

Victory in Europe

• 3 million Allied soldiers approached Berlin from the west and 6 million Soviet troops approached from the east.

• By April 1945, the Soviets had surrounded the capital and were pounding the city with artillery fire.– Hitler committed suicide.

• On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered.

Japans Defensive War• Battle of Leyte Gulf

– The Japanese navy was destroyed.

• Japan used kamikaze to try and prevent an Allied victory.– Suicide pilots who would sink Allied ships by crashing

their planes into them.

• Iwo Jima– The Japanese had dug into the island and would

defend it to the death; no surrender.– The island was 8 square miles of volcanic rock.– 6,821 Americans and 21,703 Japanese were killed

after a month of fighting.

• Okinawa– Fighting on Japanese soil. – 12,000 Americans and over 100,000 Japanese were

killed after about 2 months of fighting. – Japanese committed suicide b/c they were told that

the American soldiers would go on a rampage of killing and raping.

Victory in Japan• The Manhattan Project was led by

scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer.

• President Truman had to decide which method would be most effective in ending the war with Japan.– Land invasion vs. atomic bomb

• On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima.– 70,000 - 80,000 people died

immediately.

• On August 9, 1945 the second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.– 70,000 people were killed immediately.

Impact of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima

Ground Temperatures 7,000F

Hurricane Force Winds 980 mph (160 mph)

Energy Released 20,000 tons of TNT

Killed Immediately 70,000 people

Dead by the end of 1945 140,000 people

Total Deaths Related to the Atomic Bomb

210,000 people

Buildings Destroyed 62,000 buildings

Costs of WWIIDirect War Costs Military

Killed/MissingCivilians Killed

United States $288 billion 292,131 _____

Great Britain $117 billion 272,311 60,595

France $111.3 billion 205,707 173,260

USSR $93 billion 13,600,000 7,720,000

Germany $212.3 billion 3,300,000 2,893,000

Japan $41.3 billion 1,140,429 953,000

Postwar Gov’t & Politics

• Some countries are able to quickly return to normal life.

• Other countries are influenced by Communism.– Offer security during tough

economic times.

• Nuremberg Trials– Court trial in which 22 Nazi’s

are charged with “crimes against humanity.”

Postwar Japan• General Douglas MacArthur took

charge of the U.S. occupation of Japan.– Wanted to be fair and not to plant the

seeds of future war.

• Demilitarization– Disbanding the Japanese armed forces.

• Brought war criminals to trial.– Many were put to death.

• Democratization– Process of creating a gov’t elected by

the people.• Constitutional monarchy

Occupation Brings Changes• The Japanese emperor had to declare

that he wasn’t divine ruler.– Became a figurehead—a symbol of Japan.

• The parliament (Diet) and prime minister had the real power.– All citizens over the age of 20 had the

right to vote.

• Article 9 of the Japanese constitution stated that the Japanese could only wage war if they were attacked.

• The U.S. and Japan now become allies.– The U.S. and the Soviet Union and the U.S.

no longer see eye-to-eye.

Reflection

• Explain how victory was achieved in Europe and in the Pacific during WWII.