PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University Ching-Cheng Hsu National Taiwan University On behalf...
-
Upload
chester-may -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
0
Transcript of PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University Ching-Cheng Hsu National Taiwan University On behalf...
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Neutrino Telescope Status Neutrino Telescope Status
Ching-Cheng Hsu National Taiwan University
On behalf of NuTel Group
OutlineOutline : :
Overview of NuTel Experiment & Electronics Schematics
Preliminary measurements of Electronics
Conclusion and Prospect
NuTel Experiment Overview NuTel Experiment Overview
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Using Earth / mountain as target
Signals : Cherenkov light from showers
Only sensitive to :
e : electron shower mostly absorbed in mountain
no extensive air shower generation
appearance
NuTel Optics Design NuTel Optics Design
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Mirror R : 2.1 m
Mirror Diameter: 1.2 m
Corrector Lens : aspheric formula
Lens Diameter : 0.9 m
0.07 m
2 mDesigned with OSLO optical design software.
The spot size smaller than our pixel size :0.5 degree!
correct spherical aberration
Electronics SchematicsElectronics Schematics
DAQPMT Preamp.
UV filter
TriggerTotal 1024 channels
Start readout10 bit x40 MHzPipelinedADC
16 RAM x 256 x 16 per 8 channelsMirror
Trigger FPGA
FADCbufferRAM
ADC controlFPGA (x4)
cycleRAM
Charge-Sharing Board
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
16 CSB
16x 64 ch.
16 MAPMT
16x64 Pixels
32 DCM,
32x32 ch.
Using two telescopes for stereo observation
Preamp
64 x 16
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
15 Slave DCM
Master DCM
Daisy-Chain of Trigger Request
Trigger Decision, System Clock & Reset
Single Board
Computer
DAQ operation rate can be up to 500 Hz with
negligible dead time.
DAQ DAQ
One chassis processes information from 512 channels
Linearity Linearity
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Sum up all the charges
ADC saturated
0.002mV
The total charges we calculate from ADC counts is proportional to the DAC input voltage.
PMT Gain Measurement PMT Gain Measurement
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Al Box Size 185 cm (length) x 23cm x26cm (height)
MAPMT
Preamp High voltage cable
150 cm
The walls inside the box are covered by black blanket.
Connected to DCM
Pedestal Measurement Pedestal Measurement
LED pulse 1KHz, pulse width 75 ns
LED with voltage from 1.92 V to 2.2 V. PMT operational voltage from 650 V to 750 V. Totally 33 combinations.
PMT Pixel ID
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
rms : smaller than 0.5 ADC count
Average all operation conditions
0123456789
10111213141516
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Channel number
Pedest
al in
AD
C c
ounts
Pedestals
Sigma(r.m.s)
Pedestals for each pixel are steady
Here are few channels with negative or around 0 pedestals. Maximal r.m.s noise is 0.77 ADC count. Typical noise is between 0.6 and 0.7 ADC counts.
Relative Charge Between PixelsRelative Charge Between Pixels
12
891
57
Hammamatsu H7546
With PMT Voltage 700 V, LED : 2.2 V
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57
PMT Pixel ID
Rel
ativ
e G
ain
Hama800V James800V James700VPMT + Preamp +DCM :
Maybe due to non-uniform light or/and effective area of the channels.
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Statistics method Statistics method The total components of noise σ:
σ2 = {σno_sig2 } + G*M + {σwith_sig
2} * M2 # of photons coming to PMT, has a Poisson distribution, somean value (M) and RMS (σ0) charge distribution of the PMT
are G = M/N = σ02/ M
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 0.0005x2 + 2.8447x + 4.7034
R2 = 0.9996
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=750V
y = -0.0001x2 + 13.96x + 0.2631
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
X=M
Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 0.0006x2 + 6.4092x + 15.593
R2 = 0.9996
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
X=M
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M
G = 2.84 G = 6.41 G = 13.96
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 2.9744x + 0.8286
R2 = 0.9994
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 6.7454x - 8.2159
R2 = 0.9994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Ch.0 HV=750V
y = 13.881x + 7.4397
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M X=M X=M
G = 2.97 G = 6.75 G = 13.88
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Hamamatsu Data
Our Measurement
Gain vs Channel numbers ( Gain vs Channel numbers ( G = σ2/M )
The pixels on the two sides have large light collection.
0
2
4
6
01
23
45
67
0,005,0010,0015,0020,0025,0030,0035,0040,0045,0050,0055,0060,0065,0070,0075,0080,0085,0090,00
HV 800 V
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Relative charge between pixels
Conclusion & ProspectConclusion & Prospect
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Conclusion:Conclusion: We have developed an electronic system for NuTel experiment.
We developed some methods for calibrating and measuring our hardware system.
We are studying the performance of each component.
Prospect :Prospect : We are planning to go to the high mountains for real testing at the end of this year.
Main Part of DCM Main Part of DCM
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
to another DCM from preamplifier from preamplifier
to DMM calibrationcalibration
cPCI connector
ControlFPGA
ControlFPGA
TriggerFPGA
TriggerFPGA
ADCFPGAADC
FPGAADC
FPGAADC
FPGA
ch. 0ch. 0
ch. 1ch. 1
ch. 2ch. 2
ch. 3ch. 3ch. 4ch. 4ch. 5ch. 5ch. 6ch. 6
ch. 7ch. 7ch. 24ch. 24
ch. 25ch. 25ch. 26ch. 26ch. 27ch. 27ch. 28ch. 28
ch. 31ch. 31
ch. 30ch. 30
ch. 29ch. 29
PLXPCI 9054
PLXPCI 9054
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
40 MHzoscillator40 MHz
oscillator
DACDAC
switch
CPLDCPLD
FlashRAMFlashRAM
TTL
LVDS
TTL
LVDS
5V 3.0V5V 3.0V
3.3V 1.8V3.3V 1.8V
+5V
–5VDC–DC
+5V
–5VDC–DC
JTAGJTAG Power controlPower control
FETFET
MUX
MUX
DCM ADC Calibration Measurement DCM ADC Calibration Measurement
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Inject pulse from DAC into ADC
On average one ADC channel 2mV
LED Light Source LED Light Source
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Light source are homogenous within 1 to 2 degree.
16
Calculation N of photoelectrons during every Calculation N of photoelectrons during every system clocksystem clock
Cherenkov photons pulse
Preamplifier output
ADC code
Simple difference
ΔA ~Q
Delay due pipeline ADC
System clock (40 MHz)
Delay due calculations
Reconstructedphotons pulse
AN
AN+1
15/16AN
ΔA
Simple difference (AN+1 - AN) will be noisy in hard BG conditions, (ΔA = AN+1 – 15/16 AN) is much more stable
~exp(-t/387ns)exp(-25/387) = 15/16
Data flux in NuTel system Data flux in NuTel system interrupt
interrupt
Trigger decision
Trigger decision
II
MAPMTMAPMT Preamp.Preamp.
II
MAPMTMAPMT Preamp.Preamp.
1632=512 pixels(816) FOV
1632=512 pixels(816) FOV
Daisy-chain of Trigger request
Daisy-chain of Trigger request
System card,LINUX 15 Slave DCM
Master-B DCM
Master-A DCM
interconnectionsfor TIMING COINCIDENCE,System CLOCK,System RESET
Statistics method Statistics method
# of photons coming to PMT, has a Poisson distribution, somean value (M) and RMS (σ0) of the pedestal-subtracted charge
distribution of the PMT are G = M/N = σ02/ M
But the total components of σ:σ2 = {σ1
2 + σ22} + G*M + {σ3
2 + σ42} * M2
noise of electronics without signal (σ1)
noise of PMT gain: signal from photoelectron has the Poisson distribution with 3 (σ2)
•noise of electronics proportional to the signal (σ3*M)
noise due jitter between signal and system clock (σ4*M)
If constant and quadratic components of the noise is smaller than the linear components, G = σ2/M
Using 2 identical telescopes for the Using 2 identical telescopes for the background rejectionbackground rejection
Random Background with NSB flux
Geometrical Trigger:
1 km away from a 1 PeV e- shower
Central pixel passed high-level threshold(HL) & at least N neighboring pixels passed low-level threshold (LL)
Hardware Trigger:• There are geometrical Triggers in any place (direction) at the same time one system clock (25 ns) in both telescopes
On-line Software Trigger:• There are geometrical Triggers in the same place (direction) at the same time in both telescopes
Off-line Hardware Trigger:• More detail data processing, calculation/ searching a possible source on the sky
Data processing in hardware/firmwareData processing in hardware/firmwareMAPMT
Signalsharing
preamplifier
ADC
Calculation Nphotoelectrons
Programmablethresholds
32-channelsTrigger logic
Cycle RAMlike digitaldelay line
32-channelsTrigger logic
Trigger daisy chain
TriggerDecision
logic from the second detector
Buffer RAMlike eventstorage
counterTri
gger
Interrupt to the System card
if 16 events are ready
cPC
I b
us
GeometricalTrigger
Timingcoincidence
Preamp Linearity Preamp Linearity
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Preamp Linearity Preamp Linearity
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 0.0005x2 + 2.8447x + 4.7034
R2 = 0.9996
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=750V
y = -0.0001x2 + 13.96x + 0.2631
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
X=M
Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 0.0006x2 + 6.4092x + 15.593
R2 = 0.9996
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
X=M
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M
G = 2.84 G = 6.41 G = 13.96
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 2.9744x + 0.8286
R2 = 0.9994
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 6.7454x - 8.2159
R2 = 0.9994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Ch.0 HV=750V
y = 13.881x + 7.4397
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M X=M X=M
G = 2.97 G = 6.75 G = 13.88