Proteins Polymers of amino acid monomers DO NOW: What do you notice about the proteins below?
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Transcript of Proteins Polymers of amino acid monomers DO NOW: What do you notice about the proteins below?
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ProteinsPolymers of amino acid monomers
DO NOW: What do you notice about the proteins below?
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Proteins
• All Cells (life) are based on the structures and functions of proteins
• 50 % of dry matter in animals is protein
• All proteins made from same 20 amino acids
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Monomers - Amino Acids
• Made of elements C,H,O,N,S
• 20 essential amino acids (building blocks of proteins)
• Combined in 20X1029 different ways
• Amino Acids (AA) form long chains called polypeptides
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Amino Acids
• Humans synthesize 12 amino acids
• 8 are essential
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Essential Amino Acids
• Not because they are more important to life than the others
• The body does not synthesize essential amino acids, making it essential to include them in one's diet in order to obtain them.
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FUNCTION
• Function (job) of protein is based on its SHAPE!– Shape determined by amino acid
sequence– Change one amino acid - can change the
shape of the protein and make it useless
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What do Proteins DO?
• Storage:• Transport:• Regulatory:• Movement:• Structural
• Enzymes
• Albumin (egg white)• Hemoglobin• Hormones• Muscles• Memmranes, hair,
nails, claws, scales, feathers
• Cellular Reactions
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SHAPE
• Hydrogen bonds between amino acids cause the polypeptide chain to fold and twist into very special shapes
• Proteins can only maintain their shape in a narrow range of pH, temperature, moisture, and other factors
• LOSS OF SHAPE = LOSS OF FUNCTION!
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Proteins
• Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) contain instructions for making proteins
• A mutation (change) in DNA or RNA causes a change in the protein sequence (structure)
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Levels of Protein Structure
• Primary Structure
• Secondary Structure
• Tertiary Structure
• Quarternary Structure
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Primary Structure
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Levels of Protein Structure
Fibrous Proteins: • Primary - chain (squiggly)
– Straight polypeptide chain
• Secondary - helix (twisted)– Repeatedly coiled and folded
• Due to Hydrogen bonds
• Examples – Keratin – Collagen– Sickle cell– Spider web
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Levels of Protein Structure
Globular Proteins:- Polypeptide chains that are folded into compact spherical shapes. Involved in cellular and body functions.
• Tertiary: Globular (folds back on itself)– Hydrophobic parts end up in clusters at core of
protein
• Quarternary: Complex (looks squiggly, twisted, and folded– Two or more polypeptide chains
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Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary