Proposal Skripsi Rida Rizki Amalia(1)
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Transcript of Proposal Skripsi Rida Rizki Amalia(1)
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7/25/2019 Proposal Skripsi Rida Rizki Amalia(1)
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AWARENESS AND CURRENT USE OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTESAMONG FIRST YEAR MEDICAL AND ENGINEERING MALE STUDENTS
OF UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA, 2015
A grada!"#g $a$%r &'("!!%d !) !*% ')ard )+ %a("#%r&a& $ar!"a- +-+"--(%#! )+ !*% r%."r%(%#!& +)r !*%
a!!a"#(%#! )+ /a*%-)r )+ M%d""#% D%gr%% "# Fa-! )+M%d""#% U#"%r&"!a& Gad3a* Mada
/ 4
R"da R"6" A(a-"a
12782950:7KU71;9:,=*D Da!%4????????
NI= 1:
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TA/LE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT......................................2
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION...............................4
A. Research Backgroun..............................4
B. Research !ues"#on................................$
C. Research O%&ec"#'e...............................$
D. Research Au"hen"#c#"(............................$
E. Research Bene)#".................................*
CHAPTER II:L#"era"ure Re'#e+........................,-
A. To%acco.........................................,-
B. Eec"ron#c C#gare""es...........................,/
CHAPTER III:Research 0e"ho.........................,1
A. Research Des#gn.................................,1
B. Research Poua"#on.............................,1
C. Research 3ae.................................,1
D. 3ae 3eec"#on................................,*
E. Research Loca"#on...............................,*
F. 0easuren" an Da"a Coec"#on..................2-
F.,. Research 5ar#a%e............................2-
F.2. Research 0e"ho..............................2-
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6. Da"a Ana(s#s...................................22
B#%#ograh(.........................................2/
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CHA=TER I
INTRODUCTION
A> R%&%ar* /a6gr)#d
To%acco #s one o) "he os" coon cause o) ea"h #n "h#s
+or. Aroun 7 ##on eoe each (ear +ere k#e %( "o%acco
e))ec". 0ore "han 8 ##on o) "hose ea"h +ere cause %( #rec"
sok#ng9 +h#e "he res" +as %e#ng eose "o secon;han soke.
Base on
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41.1= reor"e a%s"#nence )ro sok#ng )or a er#o o) "#e
>3#ege e" a. 2-,,?. 3ae as "he #n"erne" sur'e(s9 "he o"her
resu" %ase on rano#e c#n#ca "r#as sho+s "ha" aong /--
sokers9 $/.,= o) "hose +as success s"o us#ng c#gare""es as +e
as eec"ron#c c#gare""es9 +h#e "he res" >27.*=? #s reor"e
coe"e sok#ng a%s"#nence %u" s"# us#ng "he eec"ron#c
c#gare""es %( "he en o) o%ser'a"#ona er#o >Poosa e" a.
2-,/?.In )ac"9 "he ouar#"( o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #ncrease #n
"he as" )our (ears >3#"h
Legga" 2--$?. Bu" un"# no+ "here #s s"# no a"a a%ou"
eec"ron#c c#gare""es sokers aong e#ca s"uen".Accor#ng "o END3?. I"s eans9 eec"ron#c c#gare""es #s "he
e'#ces es#gne )or "he urose o) n#co"#ne e#'er( "o "he
res#ra"or( s(s"e +here "o%acco #s no" necessar( )or "he#r
oera"#on >
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A+areness an curren" use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n
Inones#a are rea#ns o+. Base on a s"u(9 "he a+areness o)
eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Inones#a +as ,-.*=9 an "he curren" use
o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Inones#a +as 2.8= >Pa#u# e" a.
2-,8?.
/> R%&%ar* %&!")#
,. Is "here an( #))erences re'aence o) eec"ron#c
c#gare""es a+areness %e"+een )#rs" (ear e#ca an
eng#neer#ng ae s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa
og(akar"a2. Is "here an( #))erences re'aence o) eec"ron#c
c#gare""es curren" use aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an
eng#neer#ng ae s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa
og(akar"a
C> R%&%ar* O'3%!"%
The o%&ec"#'es o) "he s"u( #s:,. To coare "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es
a+areness aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng ae
s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.2. To coare "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es
curren" use aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng ae
s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.
D> R%&%ar* A!*%#!""!
There #s no recen" s"u( a%ou" a+areness an curren" use o)
eec"ron#c c#gare""es aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng
ae s"uen"s o) Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a. Ho+e'er9
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"here are )e+ s"u#es "ha" ha'e s##ar "o#c +#"h "h#s s"u(
+h#ch +as one %e)ore:
,. Pa#u#9 .0. e" a.9 2-,8. A+areness an Curren" Use o)
Eec"ron#c C#gare""es #n Inones#a9 0aa(s#a9 !a"ar9 an
6reece: F#n#ngs Fro 2-,,;2-,/ 6o%a Au" To%acco
3ur'e(s. Nicotine & Tobacco Research9 .,$. A'a#a%e
a":
h"":GGn"r.o)or&ournas.orgGcg#Go#G,-.,-*/Gn"rGn"'-1,.
"h#s research conuc"e easure "he a+areness an curren"
use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Inones#a9 0aa(s#a9
!a"ar9 an 6reece )#n#ng )ro 2-,,;2-,/. The resu"
cou %e concue "ha" a+areness o) e;c#gare""es +as
,-.*= #n Inones#a9 2,.-= #n 0aa(s#a9 4*.-= #n !a"ar9
an 11.8= #n 6reece. In a )our coun"r#es9 a+areness +as
h#gher aong ae9 (ounger9 ore euca"e9 an +ea"h#er
resonen"s. Curren" e;c#gare""e use aong "hose a+are o)
e;c#gare""es +as /.*= #n 0aa(s#a9 2.8= #n Inones#a9
2.2= #n 6reece an ,.1= #n !a"ar.
E> R%&%ar* /%#%+"!
The resu" o) "h#s research #s eec"e "o g#'e a sc#en"#)#c
a"a o) a+areness an curren" use o) eeec"ron#c c#gare""es aong
)#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng ae s"uen"s #n Un#'ers#"as
6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a. 0on#"or#ng o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es
8
http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntv081http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntv081 -
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a+areness an curren" aso cou he #n)or "o%acco con"ro
o#c#es an u%#c hea"h #n"er'en"#ons.
CHA=TER II
L"!%ra!r% R%"%B
A> T)'a)
To%acco #s one o) "he os" coon cause o) ea"h #n "h#s
+or. In Un#"e 3"a"e9 "o%acco caus#ng 41-.--- ea"hs annua(9
"ha" cons#s" o) 2$1.844 ea"hs aong en9 an 2-,.$$/ ea"hs aong
+oen >CDC 2-,8%?. In Inones#a a%ou" 4--.--- ou" o) ,.$ ##on
ea"hs #n Inones#a +ere cause %( "o%acco rea"e #sease >CDC 2-,8%?.
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Base on 6o%a Au" To%acco 3ur'e( >6AT3?9 aroun 7$= ae
sokers #n "h#s +or are coe )ro Inones#a +h#ch eans
Inones#a ha'e "he h#ghes" sok#ng ra"e aong ae #n "h#s +or
an o'era /4.1= sokers are coe )ro Inones#a >CDC 2-,8?.There are a o" o) "(e o) "o%acco rouc"s "ha" use %(
sokers aroun "he +or. The os" coon )or o) "o%acco "ha"
use +or+#e #s "he anu)ac"ure c#gare""es. Th#s "(e o)
"o%acco o) cons#s" o) shree or recons"#"u"e "o%acco rocesse
+#"h hunres o) che#cas. O)"en +#"h a )#"er9 "he( are
anu)ac"ure %( a ach#ne. B##s #s aso one "(e o) "o%acco "ha"
)oun #n 3ou"h;Eas" As#a an "he os" coon "(e o) "o%acco "ha"
use aong In#a eoe. B##s cons#s" o) a sa aoun" o)
"o%acco9 han;+rae #n r#e "e%urn# ea) an "#e +#"h s"r#ng.
The %##s user nee "o u)) harer "o kee "he %##s #"9 an #"
cause "he e#'er#es o) "ar an car%on ono#e "o "he %o( "ha"
rouce %( %##s h#gher "han anu)ac"ure c#gare""es.The o"her "(e o) "o%acco "ha" soke aong soker
"hroughou" "he +or #s cae c#gars. C#gars #s coon use #n
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"hrough "he s"e9 "here #s one su%"(e o) #es "ha" aso use
"hroughou" se'era coun"r(9 #ke Nor"h A)r#ca9 The 0e#"erranean9
an ar"s o) As#a. Th#s rouc" cae a"er #es or kno+n as
sh#sha or hu%%( %u%%(.A "he eae a%o'e are #ncue #n "he sok#ng "o%acco
"(e. FDA9 2-,-?.Bes#es "he eae a%o'e9 "here #s s"# one eae o)
"o%acco rouc"s "ha" no+aa(s %eco#ng a ne+ "rens aong sokers
an non;sokers aroun "he +or. Th#s rouc"s kno+s as
Eec"ron#c C#gare""esGE;c#gare""esG5aer.
/> E-%!r)#" C"gar%!!%&
Base on
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c#gare""es #s a e'#ce "ha" he n#co"#ne e#'er( "o "he
res#ra"or( s(s"e +here "o%acco #s no" "he a#n coonen" o)
"he#r oera"#on >
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The "rens "o us#ng eec"ron#c c#gare""es +as ore )re@uen"
aong sokers "han non;sokers9 an %o(s +ere ore "e"e "o "r(
"h#s rouc"s "han g#rs. The o"her a"a sho+s "ha" "he reason )or
"r(#ng eec"ron#c c#gare""es +as cur#os#"( "o "r( "h#s ne+
rouc"s >Lo"rean 2-,8?.Eec"ron#c c#gare""es are o)"en kno+n as "he hea"h#er
'ers#on o) "he con'en"#ona c#gare""e. The echan#s o) eec"ron#c
c#gare""es #s %( aeroso#e "he n#co"#ne so "ha" #" #s can go
#rec"( "o "he res#ra"or( "rac" "hen en"er "o "he %oos"rea9
an resu"#ng #n #ns"an" e))ec" o) n#co"#ne #n "he cen"ra ner'ous
s(s"e. Pro(ene 6(co "ha" aso resence #n "he eec"ron#c
c#gare""e #@u# #s use "o ake "he aearance o) eec"ron#c
c#gare""es sae +#"h "he con'en"#ona c#gare""es %( rouc#ng "he
ar"#)#c#a soke >uschner e" a. 2-,,?.Eec"ron#c c#gare""es "ha" no+aa(s %eco#ng a ne+ "ren #n
a u%#c ha'e os#"#'e an nega"#'e asec" "ha" correa"e "o each
o"her. For "he eae9 eec"ron#c c#gare""es a( no" rouce #r"
or ash #ke "he con'en"#ona ones9 #" eans "ha" #" ess har "o
"he en'#ronen". Bu" #n "he o"her hans "he #sosa car"r#ges
an %a""er#es "ha" "(#ca( use as "he coonen" o) "he
eec"ron#c c#gare""es a( %eco#ng a ne+ en'#ronen"a concern.
The o"her eae #s "he eec"ron#c c#gare""es g#'e sae sensa"#on
o) sok#ng #ke con'en"#ona c#gare""es o9 or usua( cae as
"hroa" h#" sensa"#on9 %u" "he "hroa" h#" sensa"#on "ha" g#'en
%( "he eec"ron#c c#gare""es #s een on har+are use an "he
coos#"#on o) "he #@u# >Poosa e" a. 2-,/?.
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Base on soe s"u#es9 "he re'aence o) a+areness an
curren" use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es #s #))eren" #n each
coun"r#es aroun "he +or. For "he eae9 "he re'aence o)
eec"ron#c c#gare""es #n Ne"herans %( 2-,/ #s 11=9 #n Reu%#c
o) orea %( 2-,- #s $*=9 #n Un#"e 3"a"es %( 2-,- #s $/=9 #n
Aus"ra#a %( 2-,/ #s 77=9 #n 0aa(s#a %( 2-,, #s 72=9 Un#"e
#ngo >2-,-? #s 84=9 Canaa >2-,-? #s 4-=9 Bra# >2-,/? #s /8=9
0e#co >2-,2? #s /4=9 an Ch#na >2--*? #s /,=. An aong "he
resonen"s "ha" cons#er "o %e a+are o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es
"ha" en"#one a%o'e9 "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es
sok#ng s"a"us #n each coun"r#es aso sho+e a 'ar#es resu". For
"he eae9 #n Aus"ra#a aong 77= resonen"s "ha" cons#er "o
%e a+are o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es on( 2-= resonen"s "ha"
reor"e e'er "r#e eec"ron#c c#gare""es >)orer eec"ron#c
c#gare""es sokers? an on( $= o) "he are reor"e as curren"
eec"ron#c c#gare""es sokers. The o"her eae #s #n Ne"herans
"he a+areness o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es rea#n h#gh >11=? %u" on(
,1= resonen"s are reor"e as )orer eec"ron#c c#gare""es
sokers an on( /= o) "he are reor"e as curren" eec"ron#c
c#gare""es sokers >6ra'e( e" a. 2-,4?.
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CHA=TER III
R%&%ar* M%!*)d
A> R%&%ar* D%&"g#
Th#s s"u( us#ng "he escr#"#'e ana(s#s cross sec"#ona
s"u( es#gn. Th#s s"u( es#gn #s easur#ng "he eosure an "he
ou"coe a" a o#n" o) "#e #n a g#'en oua"#on.
/> R%&%ar* =)$-a!")#
The research oua"#on o) "h#s s"u( are "he )#rs" (ear
s"uen"s o) 0e#ca )acu"( an Eng#neer#ng )acu"( Un#'ers#"as
6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.
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C> R%&%ar* Sa($-%
Base on "he re'#ous o%ser'a"#on a%ou" "he nu%er o)
s"uen"s "ha" e'er hear a%ou" eec"ron#c c#gare""es9 coege o)
e#c#ne an echan#ca eng#neer#ng +# %e "he sae o) "h#s
s"u( an on( ae s"uen"s an s"uen"s )ro Inones#a "ha" can
ar"#c#a"e as a resonen"s o) "h#s s"u(.To coun" "he sae s#e )or "h#s s"u(9 "he )orua "ha"
+# %e use #s:
samplez1/2 p(1p)
d2
J,;KG2 3"anar nora 'ar#a"e >a" 8= "(e , error >PM-.-8?
,.*7?P Eec"e roor"#on #n oua"#on %ase on re'#ous s"u#es
or #o" s"u#esD A%sou"e error or rec#s#on
Accor#ng "o "he )orua a%o'e9 "he sae s#e "ha" +# %e
use #n "h#s s"u( #s:
sample1.960.109(10.109)
(0.05 )2 =
0.1903
0.0025=76.176
D> Sa($-% S%-%!")#
The sa#ng "echn#@ue "ha" +# use #n "h#s s"u( #s
con'en#ence sa#ng. Con'en#ence sa#ng #s one o) non;
ro%a%##"( sa#ng "echn#@ue +here resonen"s o) "h#s s"u( are
seec"e %ecause "he( are con'en#en" an eas( "o access.
E> R%&%ar* L)a!")#
Th#s s"u( +# %e conuc"e #n Facu"( o) 0e#c#ne an
Facu"( o) Eng#neer#ng Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a.
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F> M%a&r%(%#! a#d Da!a C)--%!")#
F>1> R%&%ar* Var"a'-%
The #neenen" 'ar#a%es o) "h#s s"u( are )acu"( o)
e#c#ne an )acu"( o) eng#neer#ng Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa
og(akar"a +h#e "he eenen" 'ar#a%es are "he a+areness an
curren" use o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es. The con)oun#ng 'ar#a%es o)
"h#s s"u( are age o) "he resonen"s an "o%acco sok#ng s"a"us
>sokers an non sokers?.
F>2> R%&%ar* M%!*)d
Th#s s"u( us#ng se);a#n#s"ere @ues"#onna#re as "he
e"ho )or a"a coec"#on. The @ues"#onna#re con"a#n#ng soe
@ues"#ons o) eograh#c )ea"ure >age9 gener9 an res#enc(
s"a"us #n og(akar"a? an )oo+#ng %( "he )oo+#ng @ues"#on:,. Do (ou curren"( soke "o%acco rouc"s >anu)ac"ure
c#gare""es9 c#gars9 #es9 han;roe c#gare""es9
kre"eks9 an sh#shaG+a"er #e? >Resonse: Da#( or Less
"han Da#( or No" a" A?. Those +ho reson a#( or
ess "han a#( are cons#ere as sokers9 +h#e "hose
+ho reson no" a" a +ere cons#ere as non sokers.2. Ho+ uch #s (our a#( a'erage eenses )or %u(#ng
c#gare""es >Resonses: no"h#ng or M R 2-.---9-- or
2-.---9--R ,8-.---9-- or R ,8-.---?/. Ha'e (ou e'er hear a%ou" eec"ron#c c#gare""esGe;
c#gare""esG'aer >Resonses: es or No?. Those +ho
reson (es "o "he @ues"#on a%o'e are cons#ere "o %e
a+are o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es.
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4. Do (ou curren"( use eec"ron#c c#gare""esGe;
c#gare""esG'aer >Resonses: a#( or ess "han a#( or
no" a" a?. Those +ho reson a#( or ess "han
a#( are cons#ere as curren" eec"ron#c c#gare""es
users.8. Those +ho reson no" a" a shou ans+er "he
)oo+#ng @ues"#on:In "he as"9 ha'e (ou e'er "r( "o use eec"ron#c
c#gare""esGe;c#gare""esG'aer >Resonses: a#( or ess
"han a#( or no" a" a?. Those +ho reson a#( or
ess "han a#( are cons#ere as )orer eec"ron#c
c#gare""es users9 +h#e "hose +ho reson no" a" a
are cons#ere as ne'er users.
G> Da!a A#a-&"&
The s"u( easure "he a+areness an curren" use o)
eec"ron#c c#gare""es aong )#rs" (ear e#ca an eng#neer#ng
ae s"uen" Un#'ers#"as 6a&ah 0aa og(akar"a "ha" ea#ne %(
"he o) "he resonen"s9 "o%acco sok#ng s"a"us >sokers an non
sokers?9 eec"ron#c c#gare""es sok#ng s"a"us >curren" users9
)orer users9 ne'er users?. In each )acu"( "o escr#%e "he
charac"er#s"#c o) resonen"s gener an "o%acco sok#ng s"a"us #s
cacua"e aong eec"ron#c c#gare""es curren" sokers9 )orer
soker9 or resonen"s "ha" ne'er soke eec"ron#c c#gare""es
%e)ore.The resu" o) "he sur'e( +# cou"e an cacua"e %( 3P33
so)"+are "o es"#a"e "he re'aence o) eec"ron#c c#gare""es
a+areness an curren" use %ase on age an sok#ng s"a"us o) "he
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resonen"s an aso *8= con)#ence #n"er'a. D#))erences #n
es"#a"es +ere cons#ere s"a"#s"#ca( s#gn#)#can" #) "he
con)#ence #n"er'as # no" o'era.
/"'-")gra$*CDC9 2-,8a. 6o%a Au" To%acco 3ur'e(. A'a#a%e a":
h"":GGas.ncc.cc.go'G6T33Da"aGAnc#ar(GDo+noaA""achen".
asID,-27 Accesse Augus" ,89 2-,8.
CDC9 2-,8%. To%acco Fac" 3hee". A'a#a%e a":
h"":GG+++.cc.go'G"o%accoGa"aQs"a"#s"#csG)ac"Qshee"sG(ou"hQa
"aG"o%accoQuseG#ne.h" Accesse Augus" 19 2-,8.
6ra'e(9 3. e" a.9 2-,4. A+areness9 Tr#a9 an Curren" Use o)
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