Properties of Matter

September 2, 2015

GWC Science

Lesson Objectives

• By the end if the lesson students will identify matter, mass, and weight

• SW be able to test the properties of minerals

What is matter?

Everything!

Definition: Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass is matter.

Your desk, paper, pencil, and even the air you breath are matter.

What is mass?

• The mass of an object is the measurement of how much matter it contains.

Mass cannot be changed by the location, shape and speed of the body.

Measurement Instruments

Mass is measured using a balance such as the

beam balance

electronic balance

Beam Balance Electronic Balance

Weight

• Is a measure of the force of gravity on an object • The force of gravity changes on every planet

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

MASS vs. WEIGHT

• Always remains constant Depends on gravity

• Does not depend on gravity weight=mass x gravity

weight of an object changes if the

gravity changes

Units for measuring mass

• Mass is measured in grams, milligrams and kilograms

• 1000 mg = 1 gram• 1 paper clip =1 gram • 1000g = 1kg• Average human adult is 75 k

Calculate The Mass

Measuring Irregular Solids

• Measure the mass of the container that will hold the irregular solid

• Place the irregular solid inside the container

• Measure the mass of the container and irregular solid together

• Subtract the two measurements

Example• The mass of a 50mL beaker is

150g• The mass of an irregular solid

plus the beaker is 200g• What is the mass of the

irregular solid?

Instruments used:

beaker

graduated cylinder

Metric unit of measurement:liter L

the amount of space an object takes up (or occupies)

Definition:

The graduated cylinder is marked off in equalunits of volume.

The volume of the liquidIs 7 mL.

53 mL

meniscus

Measuring Liquid Volume

Regularly shaped

Instrument used:metric ruler

Formula:

Metric unit of measurement:cm3

Definition:the amount of space an object occupies

Booklet

V = L x W x H

5, 4, 3

4, 3, 2

8 , 2, 3

10 cm

5 cm

2 cm

Irregularly shaped

Method used: water displacement

Metric unit of measurement:cm3

Materials needed:

graduated cylinder

Booklet

Water Displacement Method

A B

Step 1: Add water to a graduated cylinder and record the amount.

Step 2: Place the object into the graduated cylinder.

Step 3: Record the volume of the water with the object.Step 4: Find the difference in water volume by subtracting.

Step 5: Convert the liquid volumemeasurement (mL) to the measurement for solid volume (cm3).*** Remember: 1 mL = 1 cm3

Volume of water in graduated cylinder A =

200 mL

Volume of water in graduated cylinder B =270 mL

A B

Difference in water: 270 mL - 200 mL = 70 mL

Volume of rock: 70 mL = 70 cm3

Example #1

Volume of water without object:

Volume of water with object:

Difference in water volume:

_____

Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm3

32 mL

38 mL

32 mL

38 mL

6 mL

6 6

Volume of water without object:

Volume of water with object:

Difference in water volume:

_____

Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm3

32 mL

44 mL

44 mL

32 mL

12 mL

12 12

Volume of water without object:

Volume of water with object:

Difference in water volume:

_____

Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm3

65 mL

69 mL

65 mL

69 mL

4 mL

4 4

Volume of water without object:

Volume of water with object:

Difference in water volume:

_____

Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm3

46 mL

54 mL

54 mL

46 mL

8 mL

8 8

What is density?

• Density relates the mass and volume of an object or material

• Density = mass OR mass ÷ volume.

volume

Density

M

D V

My Dear Valentine

Units

• Mass is grams

• Volume is cubic centimeters written as

cm3

• Density is written as g/cm3

ALWAYS REMEMBER

UNITS!

Liquid Units

• Density is often expressed as grams per milliliter, or g/mL

Which one is more dense?

• Demonstration: People in a square

• How about this: Which square is more dense?

Which one is more dense?

• Now which one is more dense?

Density

Object Mass/g

Vol/cm3 Density g/cm3

Sink or Float?

Aluminium sheet

50 18.52

Gold bracelet 150 7.89

Water 500 500 ---

Ice 10 10.87

Block of pinewood

800 1600

0.92

19.0

1

2.70

0.5

Sink

Sink

Float

Float

What have you learned?

•What is matter?Everything, Anything that has mass and takes up space

How do you identify matter?

• We identify matter by its properties–How it taste, looks, and feels

–Its size, shape, and color

What have you learned?

• What are some ways to identify matter?

By its size, shape, color, looks, taste and feel

Physical PropertiesSeptember 4, 2015

Materials:

Science Notebook

Pencil

Every form of matter has two

kinds of properties

–Chemical –Physical

• Physical properties: things that can be

observed by looking or smelling

• Physical changes DO NOT form a new

substance

Physical

Here are some ways you can physically change a sheet of paper:

• Cutting• Tearing• Shredding• Folding• Painting• Writing on• Gluing

• Conductivity• Luster• Color• State of matter

• Density • Hardness• Malleability• Ductility

DENSITYDensity is a weird one. You know by now that all matter has massand volume. But density tries to describe how “packed in” the massis within that volume. In other words, how compact is the stuff?

This golf ball and marshmallow are about the same size (volume).But which is going to have more mass?

The golf ball has way more mass.Since they’re about the same size,you know that the golf ball hasa higher density.

COLORWell, it might be pretty simple to say that a frog is green or jeansare blue or Joe is red, but there’s some pretty technical reasons for why things have colors.

The point is that you can describe a substance’s color without changingit into a new substance.

LUSTEROoohhh…look at that biscuit. Ooohhh…look at this gold ring.

I desire the one on the left for its tastiness. I desire the one on theright for its LUSTER. Luster describes how shiny a substance is.

MAGNETISM

The property of attracting certain metals.

Examples:• Iron• Copper• Nickel• Paperclip• Nail• Steel

HARDNESSThis one can be a little confusing. You’ve probably heard that thehardest substance on Earth is ___________.

That means that a diamond can cut any othersubstance you can think of, even metals. The only thing that can cut a diamond is a slightly more pure diamond!

However, that doesn’t mean that diamonds arestronger than anything else. I’d much ratherlive in a brick or steel house than a diamondone.

CONDUCTIVITYSome substances allow forms of energy,such as heat, sound, and electricity, to flowthrough them very easily. Apparently, Joeis one of those substances.

These substances are very useful for thingslike:

Conductivity, contd.But other substances are useful to us because they’re NOT good conductors. We call those insulators.

G. Conductivity – describes how well a substance allows heat orelectricity to flow through it. Low conductivity substances arecalled “insulators.”

MALLEABILITYWhat do these substances have in common?

If you said that they can be pounded with a mallet or hammer or fistor forehead into new shapes easily, then you’re right!

H. Malleability – describes how easily a substance can be formed intonew shapes. Opposite of “brittle.”

Brittleness• Describes a substance having hardness and

firmness(rigid) but little malleable strength. (Cannot form new shapes)

DUCTILITYWhat do THESE substances have in common?

Well, of course…they’re all ductile! That just means they can be stretched or drawn into wires without falling apart or breaking.

I. Ductility – describes how well a substance can be pulled into thinwires.

STATE OF MATTERA lot of you remembered that matter comes in three states:

SOLIDLIQUID

GAS

Whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas is a physical property. You can easily tell me what it is without having to change the substance.L. State of Matter – describes whether a substance is solid, liquid, or

gas.