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Properties of Matter

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Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

Everything is made of matter.

What are properties?

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Characteristics used to describe an object

Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

A. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter

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1.Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched.

2. Flexibility – ability of a material to be bent.

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3. Malleability – ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets

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4. Ductility – ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire.

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5. Hardness – ability of a material to be hardly broken.

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6. Brittleness – ability of a matter to be easily broken.

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7. Viscosity

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The resistance of a liquid to flow

The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily

the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves

8. Conductivity- materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

B. General Properties of matter

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Possessed by all types of matter.

Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Impenetrability

1. What is mass?

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Mass is the amount of matter in an object

Mass is constant.The metric unit for mass is grams (g)

Kg, g, lbsPlatform balance, weighing scale

2. Weight

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The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object

Weight changes with gravity

The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

Weight formula

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1 kg = 2.2 poundsWeight is mass times acceleration due to

gravity (9.8 m/s2) W= m x aWhat is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?

What is gravity?

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The force of attraction between objects is gravity

All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

Question

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Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

Gravitational pull

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The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

What affects gravity?

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The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases

gravity depends on mass and distance

Gravity

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The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

Question

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Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

3. VolumeThe amount of space taken up by an object.

Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h

Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method

Liquid – using a graduated cylinder/beaker2222

4. Density It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume.

Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object.

D= m/vg/ml or g/cm3

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Density

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The density of water is 1.0 g/ml

Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water

Density

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Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

Ice

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Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water

Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

Astronomy fact!

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The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

Calculations

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If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

Calculation

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If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

Calculation

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If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

5. IMPENETRABILITY

No two objects can occupy the same place at the same time.

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What is specific gravity?

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A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter

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Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion.

Question

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How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

GAS LAWS

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Gas laws

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Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

Charles Law

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Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

Charles’ Law

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As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases

Heating air causes it to expand

Question

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How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

Pressure

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The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

Boyle’s Law

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Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

Boyle’s law

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If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)

The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

Plasma

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Plasma (phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

Question

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What are the four phases of matter?

Describe the plasma phase of matter.

Phase changes (video)

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Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

What is a physical change?

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Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties

Type of matter remains the same

Questions

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Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

Physical changes

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Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

Melting video

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Phase change from a solid to a liquid

Melting point

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Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid

Physical property

Questions

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How is melting different from freezing?

Phase changes (video)

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Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant

Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes

Vaporization

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Phase change from a liquid to a gas

Boiling point (video)

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The temperature in which a liquid boils

Point at which a liquid changes to a gas

Freezing (video)

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Phase change of a liquid to a solid

The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point

Condensation

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Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid

Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas

Question

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Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.

Sublimation examples

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Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation

Chemical properties

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Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties

Ex: flammability

Chemical changes

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The change of a substance into a new and different substance

Also known as a chemical reaction

video

Questions

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What is another name for a chemical change?

Describe sublimation.How is a chemical change different from a physical change?