BY MUNEEBA FATIMAMSc,ZOW.UoK.

WHAT IS MATTER?

MATTER is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.

Properties of matter can be divided in two ways: physical/chemical.

Physical properties can be measured without changing the chemical's identity. The freezing point of a substance is physical. When water freezes, it's still H2O.

Chemical properties deal with how one chemical reacts with another. We know that wood is flammable because it becomes heat, ash, and carbon dioxide when heated in the presence of oxygen.

Physical properties of matter are categorized as either Intensive or Extensive:

Intensive - Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present. Color Odor Luster - How shiny a substance is. Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets. Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires. Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or

electricity. Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched. Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid

phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid

is equal to the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure). Density - The mass of a substance divided by its volume

EXTENSIVE

Extensive - Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present.

Mass - A measurement of the amount of matter in a object (grams).

Weight - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction of the earth acting on an object.

Volume - A measurement of the amount of space a substance occupies.

Length

Physical Change: Change in which the matter's physical appearance is altered, but composition remains unchanged. (Change in state of matter)

Three main states of matter Solid is distinguished by a fixed structure. Its shape

and volume do not change. In a solid, atoms are tightly packed together in a fixed arrangement.

Liquid is distinguished by its malleable shape (is able to form into the shape of its container), but constant volume. In a liquid, atoms are close together but not in a fixed arrangement.

Gas is made up of atoms that are separate. However, unlike solid & liquid, a gas has no fixed shape and volume.

EXAMPLE

When liquid water (H2O) freezes into a solid state (ice), it appears changed; However, this change is only physical as the composition of the constituent molecules is the same: 11.19% hydrogen  and 88.81% oxygen by mass.

Chemical Properties and Changes

Chemical Property: Any characteristic that gives a sample of matter the ability/inability to undergo a change that alters its composition. Examples: Alkali metals react with water; Paper's ability to burn.

Chemical Change: Change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed to new kinds of matter with altered compositions (or Chemical Reaction).

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