Projeto CHUVAchuvaproject.cptec.inpe.br/portal/br/pdf/CHUVA... · dimensional (3-D) lightning map...
Transcript of Projeto CHUVAchuvaproject.cptec.inpe.br/portal/br/pdf/CHUVA... · dimensional (3-D) lightning map...
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Projeto CHUVA
WORKING GROUP – 1
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRECIPITATING SYSTEMS AS FUNCTION OF THE REGION AND LIFE
STAGE
Responsible : Luiz Machado
WORKING GROUP – 2
PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION – DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ALGORITHM
Responsible : Carlos Angelis
WORKING GROUP – 3
ELETRIFICATION PROCESS: MOVING FROM CLOUDS TO THUNDERSTORMS
Responsible: Carlos Morales
WORKING GROUP – 4
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER FOR DIFFERENT CLOUD PROCESSES AND
PRECIPITATION REGIMES
Responsible: Gilberto Fisch
WORKING GROUP – 5
MODEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALIDATION, WITH FOCUS IN CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND AEROSOL
INTERACTIONS, FOR SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES IN BRAZIL
Responsible: Maria Assunção Dias
NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions Science Team -26-29 October 2009 - Salt Lake City
CHUVA Project
CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEZ
2010 ALCANTARA
2011 CHUVA
WORKSHOP#1
FORTALEZA FORTALEZA BELÉM BELEM SAO LUIZ PARAITINGA
SAO LUIZ PARAITINGA
2012 CHUVA -
WORKSHOP#2
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
2013 FOZ DO
IGUAÇU
BRASÍLIA BRASÍLIA
2014 MANAUS MANAUS MANAUS MANAUS
Fortaleza Campaign
Main Target Study: Warm Clouds and MCSs organized by Easterly Waves
From 21 March to 29 April 2011 – The GPM Planning Meeting and the CEOS –
PC will be held during this period in Fortaleza
Additional Data: Aircraft for microphysical measurements (if the airplane will be OK) and S
and X Band radar.
Belem Campaign
Main Target Study: Tropical Squall Lines and Local Convection
From 30 May to 9 July 2011
Additional Data: S Band Radar
Controlled Meteorological balloons are small
altitude-controlled platforms with bi-directional satellite
communication and long-duration flight capability _ Voss and Fitzgerald collaboration
Belem Squall Lines Climatology : 2000 to 2006
Classification : CCL: Costal Convective Line ( Propagation < 170 km) SL1: Squall Line Type 1 ( 170 Km < Propagation < 400 km) SL2: Squall Line Type 2 ( Propagation > 400 km) SL2 – STM – Moved around Santarem = 56%
São Luiz do Paraitinga Campaign
Main Target Study: Warm Clouds, Cold Fronts, MCSs, SACZ and Local
Convection
From 31 October to 22 December 2011
Additional Data: S Band Radar and “Lightning Mapping Array” (LMA) – NOAA and NASA
– Steve Goodman
LMA - Lightning Mapping Array
o The LMA system:
o locates the peak source of impulsive VHF radio
signals from lightning
o uses unused television channel by measuring the
time-of-arrival of the magnetic peak signals at
different receiving stations in successive 80 ms
intervals
o hundreds of sources per flash can be detected in
space and time (GPS), allowing a three-
dimensional (3-D) lightning map to be constructed
Foz do Iguaçu Campaign
Main Target Study: MCC and Cold Fronts
From 9 November to 13 January 2012
Additional Data: La Plata Basin Campaign
Goal: Measure MCCs to accomplish the GPM and La Plata Basin Regional Hydroclimate
Project (LPB) goals.
Foz do Iguaçu is located on the border of three countries: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, where MCSs
produce a large impact. More than the 80% of the precipitation is explained by those systems
Brazil
Argentina
Paraguay
Foz do Iguaçu Campaign
Percentage of surface rain from 2A25 explained by MCSs over La Plata Basin
This experiment will focus on these set of questions:
What are the main surface and boundary layer processes in the formation and maintenance of large and long live MCS?
How cloud microphysics and electrification processes evolves during the cloud life cycle?
What is the contribution of the aerosol in the process of formation of MCC precipitation?
How to improve both space and time precipitation estimation of rainfall over the continent for the GPM constellation over
the region?
How to improve quantitative precipitation forecast over MCS?
How models do represents the evolution of the PBL and the microphysics of these complex convective systems?
The deployment of a dual frequency and
polarization radar like NASA's N-Pol would
contribute with other observations to better
understand the microphysics processes and
their evolution associated with MCS. Also
airplane measurements will be facilitate by
the geographical position.
Results from Paola Salio
Suggest a side Meeting for the discussion
about the viability to prepare a campaign
with LPB
Brasília Campaign
Main Target Study: Continental Organized and Local Convection from Warm and Ice
Clouds
From 21 October to 30 November 2013.
Additional Data: S Band Radar
Manaus Campaign
Main Target Study: Organized and Local Convection from Warm and Ice Clouds
From 6 January to 4 April 2014.
Additional Data: The ARM Climate Research Facility in the Amazon Basin (Scot Martin –
Havard University and several partners)
S Band Radar (SIPAM)
Manaus Campaign
Cloud-Aerosol-Precipitation Interactions
Aerosol effects on scattered cumulus clouds, especially the
aerosol radiative effect and with a special focus on the impact
of biomass burning aerosols;
Aerosol effects on deep convective clouds, precipitation, and
lightning under different aerosol and synoptic regimes,
including the roles of aerosols in changing regional climate and
atmospheric circulation; and
Improvement on parameterizations of aerosol-cloud
interactions in the climate models
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Doppler X band dual polarization -
METEOR 50DX - Selex
Radiometrics MP 3000 - Brightness temperature
from 35 channels (22-30 and 51-59 Ghz)
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
LIDAR – backscaterring coefficient.
Lidar Raman System 2 channels: 532nm and 607nm
GPS - A dual-frequency receiver - IWV
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
3 Ott Inc. PARSIVEL Optical Laser Disdrometer.
1 Joss Waldvogel Acoustic Impact Disdrometer. (NASA)
5 Raingauge (NASA)
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Radiosonde RS92
Soil Mositure - EnviroSCAN Probe
Soil moisture profile (up to 0.5 m)
continous measurements
HFP01 – soil heat plates (2) for the soil heat flux measurement
STP01 – soil temperature profile (5 sensors 2,5,10,20,50 cm)
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Vertical pointing micro Doppler rain radar
Keplel – 24.1 Ghz
CS110 - Electric Field Sensor
Measuring the local electric field
CHUVA – Basic Set of Equipments
Values of air temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, windspeed and direction, radiation
measurements
Surface Weather Measurements
EC150 open path gas analyser and the sonic
(CSAT3) coupled for the surface momentum,
energy, water vapour and CO2 fluxes
Radiation components: solar (shortwave) and
terrestrial (longwave) radiation upward and downward
fluxes
Status Compra de Equipamentos
Equipamentos Status Informações
Aquisição
Radar banda X embarcado - chega dia 19/2 leasing 24 meses
MRR disponívvel
3 disdrometros disponívvel parsivel
Umidade do solo disponível
field Mil adquirido - para chegar
Estação de Sfc e fluxo adquirido - para chegar
340 Sondas e baloes disponivel
Outros equipamentos
Joss e 5 pluv. Nasa sendo enviado
lidar e container disponivel
rad. Microondas disponivel
Recursos
Recursos
CHUVA WEB
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Projeto CHUVA
Grupo de Trabalho I : Características dos Regimes de
precipitação como função da região e do ciclo de vida
Coleta de dados GPS: Medida adicional do vapor d’água integrado
• Dados do
pré-chuva:
Luiz F. Sapucci
Coleta de dados GPS: aplicação na previsão de
curtíssimo prazo de eventos severos
• Série de precipitação e o IWV-GPS: Criação de um
banco de eventos
em todas as
campanhas do
CHUVA; Sempre ao menos
um receptor GPS
disponível com
estação met.
(precisão do
barômetro 0.2hPa)
Luiz F. Sapucci
GPS Meteorology in CHUVA Belem (L. Sapucci, D. Adams, R. Fernandes, L. Tanaka)
Our Principal Aims in
CHUVA Belem
Identify wv convergence
timescales and propagation of
convection/squall lines in GPS
PWV
Estimate wv convergence in a
limited region in conjunction
with sondes/radiometers, etc)
Test maximum temporal
resolution of the GPS PWV
technique (comparing GIPSY
with GAMIT)
Employ 3D/4D techniques for
estimating mesoscale wv fields.
Install 7 to 10 GPS within 70km of SIPAM Belem (See Map for Sample
Configuration of 8 probable sites). Ultimate configuration depends on siting of
radiosondes, etc.
Convective Events: Propagation and
WV Convergence in GPS PWV Signals
• Column water vapor advection and
Propagating Convective Events
• With multiple GPS stations propagating column
water vapor can be tracked through a PWV-
weighted wind. With CHUVA sondes, column
water vapor can be used to identify propagating
convective events (see lower Figure). With
surface variables (temp, winds, precip. the role
of convective outflow (cold pools) in
propagating can be investigated wrt to the
propagating PWV signal.
• Water Vapor Convergence
• With CHUVA measurements of liquid water
content, horizontal winds and water vapor
vertical structure wv convergence can be
estimated. d(PWV/dt) gives a timescale for wv
convergence and hence estimates of convective
intensity (upper Figure). Integration over a
“closed” region roughly estimates the
atmospheric hydrological cycle during
precipitating convection.
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Estimativa de Chuva Nuvens Quentes
A Covariância da Emissividade da Superfície como Possível Identificador de
Áreas Precipitantes de Nuvens Quentes
Dentro da área dos experimentos
19h,v GHz 19h,v GHz Orograf. Efeito Vegeta. Efeito
WetLand. Efeito
19GHz
37
89
Alan Calheiros
O erro associado a precipitação em estimativas de LWP sobre o continente.
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Compreensão mais detalhada de como a eletrificação das nuvens evolui em
função dos processos microfísicos;
Obter um detalhamento da região preferencial de formação dos relâmpagos e
os prováveis limiares de conteúdo de gelo/água e cargas elétricas das nuvens
necessários para iniciar a eletrificação da nuvem;
Aprofundar o conhecimento de como as características dos intra-cloud e
microfísica se relacionam/influenciam as propriedades dos cloud-to-ground.
Descargas Elétricas – Foco para o Sítio de São Luiz do Paraitinga – Projeto CHUVA - Enrique Vieira Mattos
Experimento De Sao Luiz do Paraitinga
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Modelagem radiativa e o Banco de Dados Microfísicos
Modelo – Radar – Satélite : Banco de Dados
Microfísicos
Modelo c/
microfísica
Satélite IR
Microondas
Radar e a
técnica VPR
Modelo
radiativo
Banco de
Dados Radar
X-POL
Disdro
metros
Simulações – Modelo de alta resolução e Modelo
radiativo – Base de Dados
Resultados do Renato Galante
Campos tridimensionais:
Componentes zonal e meridional do vento;
Umidade especifica;
QCL;
QCF;
Cobertura de nuvens (%);
Fração da cobertura de nuvens composta por gelo;
Fração da cobertura de nuvens composta por água;
Pressão (rho levels);
Temperatura.
Campos bidimensionais:
Temperatura a 1.5 m;
Umidade especifica a 1.5 m;
Temperatura a superfície;
Pressão a superfície;
Mascara Oceano/Continente.
Simulações com BRAMS e RTTOV
1. Simulação com BRAMS:
Entrada Processamento
Estudos de casos BRAMS
RTTOV Temp. Brilho
2. Simulação com RTTOVS:
Saída
3. Avaliação das Simulações:
Temp. de Brilho do RTTOV
Temp. de Brilho do Satélite
Profiles: Rain, Snow, Graupel,
Aggregates, Cloud-Water,
Cloud-Ice
INPUT DATA
Profiles: Rain, Snow, Graupel,
Aggregates, Cloud-Water,
Cloud-Ice
3. Avaliação das Simulações: Sensor TMI/TRMM
Temperatura de Brilho Simulada
Temperatura de Brilho Observada
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Estratégia de Medidas
Em torno de 100 km
Radiossonda
Radar
Visão em Mesoescala
Disdrometros e Pluviometros
Radar e GPS Pluv.
Disdro.
30 km 17 km
Lidar, radiometro,
pluv., disdro, micro
radar, estacao de
fluxos, GPS
Radiossonda – 2 a 4 vezes/dia
Pluv., disdrometro, GPS
Estratégias de medidas
Definição da Varredura Volumétrica e o RHI na direção do Sítio instrumental
- Intervalo de tempo em torno de 5 a 7 minutos.
Operação em Fortaleza - Radar – INPE Euzébio
Sítio completo – Defesa Civil Municipal (17 km)
Radiossonda – INMET (16 km)
pluv, disdro, - Caucáia (30 km)
Radar X da UECE (15 km)
Radar S – Quixeramobim (possivel sitio de radiosonda 120 km)
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Curso – para alunos
Curso – Processos Físicos da Nuvens – 28/3 a 1/4
Segunda Terça Quarta Quinta Sexta
Micrometeorologi
a conceitos
básicos
(Gilberto)
Microfísica da
nuvens
(Morales)
Modelagem de
nuvens – interação
aerosol-nuvens
(Assunção)
Radar Princípios
básicos
(Frederico)
Estimativa de
precipitação
satélite e radar
(Frederico)
Modelagem em
alta resolução –
conceitos básicos
(Assunção)
Micrometeorologi
a e a formação de
nuvens
(Gilberto)
Satélites e
Modelagem
Radiativa
(Luiz)
Ferramentas para
Previsão imediata
(Luiz)
Eletrificação das
nuvens
(Morales)
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Orçamento Campanha
Despesas por Experimento – Fonte Fapesp
Item Valor
Diárias 30000
Passagem 9000
Reserva Técnica 40000
Gás 18000
Radiossonda 40 – 80
INPE – Tesouro, AEB, Projetos locais, Parceiros locais
Necessidade Estimada – 21000 em passagens e 80000 em diárias (450 diárias)
Equipamentos-Dados Responsáveis
Equipamento Resp. Cientifico Resp. Técnico Nec. Instalação Nec. operação
Radar X-Pol Frederico, Morales Jojhy, Izabelly
MRR Luiz Augusto Jorge Nogueira
Lidar Paulete e Riad
Rad. Microondas Luiz Augusto Marcelo
Disdrometros e
pluviometros
Frederico Izabelly, Carlao
Field Mil Morales Jorge Nogueira -
Marton
Umidade do Solo Luciana Rossato
Estação Met. E
Fluxos
Gilberto Fisch Jorge-CTA,Jorge
Nogueira, Marton,
Carlao
Radiosonda Gilberto Fisch Jorge-CTA
GPS Sapucci Carlao
Imagens de
satellite
Luiz Augusto Wagner
Simulações do
BRAMS
Assunção, Saulo Eder