PROJECT TITLE

STUDY OF EFFECT OF

COLUMN ORIENTATION IN

MULTISTORY BUILDING

Student Detail

1. Panchal Dhurv G. (100780106032)

2. Hadiyol Vishalsinh K. (090780106058)

3. Patel Bhavik V. (110780106019)

4. Chaudhry Prakash G. (110780601038)

BRANCH : CIVIL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER : 8th

GROUP NO. : 09

TEAM ID : 27248

YEAR : 2014-2015

Guides Details

NAME : Dr. Ami H. Shah

DEPARTMENT : Civil Engineering

INSTITUTE NAME : Smt. S.R.Patel Engineering

college, Dabhi, Unjha

NAME : Prof. Yogesh B. Patel

DEPARTMENT : Civil Engineering

INSTITUTE NAME : Smt. S.R.Patel Engineering

college, Dabhi, Unjha

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE

PROCEDURE

PREFERED LITERATURE

LITERATURE REVIEW

ANALYSIS METHOD

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Looking to the past records of earthquake, there is

increase in the demand of earthquake resisting building

which can be fulfilled by providing proper column

orientation in the building.

Also due to the major earthquakes in the recent parts the

codal provisions revised and implementing more

weightage on earthquake design of structure.

INTRODUCTION (cont.)

Generally structures are subjected to two types of loads i.e. Static

and dynamic.

Static loads are constant while dynamic loads are varying with time.

In majority civil structures only static loads are considered while

dynamic loads are not calculated because the calculations are more

complicated. This may cause disaster particularly during

Earthquake due to seismic waves.

Thats why we will Analyze the nature of dynamic loads during

earthquake and will prepare such a design which can resist

earthquake upto certain extent.

What is Column orientation?

By providing proper column orientation in multi-storied

building we can resist seismic waves of earthquake. The

loads are calculated by staad.pro software after changing

the direction of column orientation at various parts of

building.

The different location of column orientation in R.C.

Building will be modelled in Bentley Staad.pro software

and the result in terms of nodal displacement, shear

force , bending moment will be compared.

COLUMN ORIENTATION

Orientation done in both

direction at interval of one

column

Orientation in single direction

CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE

The primary cause of earthquakes is the movement of

masses of earth along fault lines.

A fault line is the surface trace of a fault, the line of

intersection between the fault plane and the Earth's

surface. Since faults do not usually consist of a single,

clean fracture, geologists use the term fault zone when

referring to the zone of complex deformation associated

with the fault plane.

Fault lines can occur anywhere.

They are normally created from pressure generated by the movement of continental plates on the mantle of the earth.

These plates were first theorized by a German meteorologist and astronomer named Alfred Lothar Wegener (1880-1930).

There is constant pressure on continental plates to move. Yet

the friction of land masses being pushed together only allows

movement to occur in fits and starts.

When movement finally comes as a result of all this

continental pushing, we often feel it, and we call it an

earthquake.

Types of Earthquakes

Tectonic earthquake :

The sudden release of strain energy by rupture of the rock at plate boundary (fault plane) is the primary cause of seismic activity around the world.

Volcanic earthquake :

Shallow volcanic earthquakes may result from sudden shifting or movement of magma. Plutonic earthquakes are caused by deep-seated changes.

Landslides :

Massive landslides associated with the volcanic activity produced significant ground motion.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this project is to check and

compare the seismic response of multi-storied building

for different directions of column orientation so, that

one can choose the best alternative for construction in

earthquake-prone area.

The different directions of column orientation in R.C.

Building will be modelled in Bentley Staad.pro software

and the result in terms of nodes displacement, Shear

force & bending moment will be compared.

PROCEDURE

Literature Review

Code Provision

Paper Title

Load Calculation

Dynamic Method

Static method

Methodology detail

Flow Chart

Suitable Data

PREFERED LITERATURE

IS : 1893 (part1) : 2002, Criteria for Earthquake

Resistant Structure.

IS : 4326: 1993-IS code of practice

for Earthquake resistant design and construction of

building.

Name: International Journal of Engineering Research

and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:2248-9622 Vol.2,

Issue3, May-Jun2012, pp.1786-1793

LITERATURE REVIEW

Research Paper 1

Title: Effect of Change in Shear Wall Location on Storied

Drift of Multi-storied Building Subjected to Lateral Loads.

Journal/Conference Name:International Journal of

Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:2248-

9622 Vol.2, Issue3, May-Jun2012, pp.1786-1793

Author:AshishS.Agrawal,S.D.Charkha

LITERATURE REVIEW

ABSTRACT

In this paper, study of 25 storey building in zone V is

presented with some preliminary investigation which is

analysed by changing various position of shear wall with

different shapes for determining parameters like storey

drift, axial load and displacement.

WORK DONE BY AUTHOR

Case no.1 without shear wall

Caseno.2 When Shear wall (Liftcore) is placed at centre

of building.

Caseno.3 When Shear wall (liftcore) placed at centre

and four shear wall placed at outer edge symmetrically

parallel toY direction.

Caseno.4 When Shear wall (Lift core) is located 7.5m

from the centroid in X-direction.

Caseno.5When Shearwall (Liftcore) is located 7.5m

from the centroid in X-direction and four Shear wall

placed at outer edge symmetrically parallel to Y

direction.

CONCLUSION

From preliminary investigation reveals that the

significant effects on deflection in orthogonal direction

by The shifting the shear wall location.

Placing Shear wall away from centre of gravity resulted

in increase in most of the members forces. It may be

observed that displacement of the building floor at

storey 25 has been reduced due to presence of shear wall

placed at centre.

When the lift core placed eccentric position it develops

displacement in both the direction with application of

seismic force in Y direction.

Drift is increased as height of building increased and

reduced for top floor. The column which placed at the

edge of the building is heavily axially loaded due to

seismic forces. Location of shear wall effects on static

and dynamic axial load on the column.

Research Paper 2

Title : Seismic analysis of RCC building with and

without shear wall.

Journal/Conference Name : International Journal of

Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)

Author : P.P. Chandurkar, Dr.P.S.Pajgade

ABSTRACT

Structural walls provide an efficient bracing system

and offer great potential for lateral load resistance.

The properties of these seismic shear walls dominate

the response of the buildings, and therefore, it is

important to evaluate the seismic response of the

walls appropriately..

ABSTRACT (cont.)

In this present study, main focus is to determine the

solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building.

Effectiveness of shear wall has been studied with the

help of four different models. Model one is bare frame

structural system and other three models are dual type

structural system. An earthquake load is applied to a

building of ten stories located in zone II, zone III, zone

IV and zone V

Work done by author

For this study, a 10-storied building with a3-meters

height for each storey, regular in plan is modeled. These

buildings were designed in compliance to the Indian

Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of

Buildings. The buildings are assumed to be fixed at the

base and the floors acts as rigid diaphragms. The

sections of structural elements are square and

rectangular and their dimensions are changed for

different building.

CONCLUSION

It is observed that in 10 storied building, constructing

building with shear wall in short span at corner is

economical as compared with other models.

From this it can be concluded that large dimension of

shear wall is not effective in 10 storied or below 10

storied buildings. It is observed that the shear wall is

economical and effective in high rise building.

1.Changing the position of shear wall will affect the

attraction of forces, so that wall must be in proper

position.

2.If the dimensions of shear wall are large then major

amount of horizontal forces are taken by shear wall.

3.Providing shear walls at adequate locations substantially

reduces the displacements due to earthquake.

ANALYSIS METHODS

As per the Indian Standard code for Earthquake

IS:1893-2002, seismic analysis can be performed by

three methods.

1.StaticMethod

A. Equivalent Static Coefficient Method

2.Dynamic Methods

A. Timehistory Method

B. Response Spectrum Method

FLOW CHART

Defining of building data like number of storey, height of storey, column orientation, Dimensions of structural member etc

Define Material Properties

Defining of Support conditions

Define load cases and combinations

Assigning of load

Continued

Selection of method and analysis

Result Analysis

Conclusion

Run Analysis

Data of Building Number of Bay in X-direction 6

Number of Bay in Y-direction 4

Bay Width (m) 4

Storey Height (m) 3

Thickness of Slab (m) 0.15

Size of Beam: Width (m) 0.23

Size of Beam: Breadth (m) 0.3

Size of Column: Width (m) 0.23

Size of Column: Breadth (m) 0.6

Live Load (kN/m^2) 4

Internal Wall Thickness (m) 0.115

External Wall Thickness (m) 0.23

Terrace Water Proofing (kN/m^2) 1.5

Floor Finish (kN/m^2) 0.8

Density of Concrete (kN/m^3) 25

Density of Masonry (kN/m^3) 20

Total Height of Building (m) 21

Number of Floors 7

Zone 3

Zone Factor 0.16

Importance Factor 1

Response Reduction Factor 5

Time Period (Seconds) 0.5

Type os Soil Medium

Numbers of Columns in X-direction 7

Numbers of Columns in Y-direction 5

Numbers of Beams in X-direction 6

Numbers of Beams in Y-direction 4

Number of Parapet Wall in X-direction 2

Number of Parapet Wall in Y-direction 2

Number of External Wall in X-

direction 2

Number of External Wall in Y-

direction 2

Number of Internal Wall in X-direction 3

Number of Internal Wall in Y-direction 5

Weight of Typical Slab 1747.2

Weight of Roof 2323.2

Weight of Longitudinal Beams 175.95

Weight of Transverse Beams 182.091

Weight of Parapet Wall per meter

length 184

Weight of External Wall per meter

height 326.416

Weight of Inernal Wall per metre

height 314.18

Weight of Columns per meter height 120.75

Total Live Load on Each Floor 768

Lumped Mass of Roof (Terrace) 3911.1706

Lumped Mass of Typical Force 4965.1002

Total Seismic Weight of

Building 33701.7718

Fundamental Natural Period 0.385794634

Average Response

Acceleration Coefficient 2.592052638

Horizontal Seismic

Coefficient 0.041472842

Design Base Shear 1397.708264

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Design steps of staad.pro

Step :1 Select File > New Project

Step: 2 Select space option for modelling of the building.

Step :3 Select open structure wizard.

Step :4 In structure wizard select bay frame and enter

appropriate data, i.e. length width height

Step : 5 Merge the designed model in STAAD.Pro

Step : 6 Enter the Properties of column like width and breadth

Step : 7 Enter the Properties of Beams like width and Depth

Design steps (cont.)

Step : 8 Apply Supports to the Base nodes

Step : 9 Define Loads and load cases details

Step :10 Analyze the Structure in Run Analysis section

Step : 11 Select the columns to change their orientation along their

axis.

Step : 12 Select Commands then geometric contents then beta

angle.

Step : 13 The orientation of columns select the column and rotate

them at beta Angle in degree = 90.

Step : 14 Select Run Analysis in Analyze section select Run

Analysis.

Modeled in Staad.pro structure

wizard

Difference of nodal displacement while

earthquake occurring in X,Z directions

FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED

COLUMN

X,Z ORIENTED

COLUMN

FIRST

FLOOR

SLAB

8 2.997 0.058

9 3.011 0.091

10 3.025 0.005

11 3.031 0.112

12 3.025 0.005

13 3.011 0.091

14 2.997 0.058

SECOND

FLOOR

SLAB

15 6.603 0.095

16 6.654 0.291

17 6.697 0.235

18 6.714 0.355

19 6.697 0.235

20 6.654 0.291

21 6.603 0.095

Difference of nodal displacement while

earthquake is occurring in X,Z directions

FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED

COLUMN

X,Z ORIENTED

COLUMN

THIRD

FLOOR

SLAB

22 9.711 0.371

23 9.807 0.566

24 9.885 0.57

25 9.914 0.681

26 9.885 0.57

27 9.807 0.566

28 9.711 0.371

FOURTH

FLOOR

SLAB

29 12.357 0.663

30 12.509 0.875

31 12.630 0.97

32 12.671 1.039

33 12.630 0.97

34 12.509 0.875

35 12.357 0.663

Difference of nodal displacement while

earthquake is occurring in X,Z directions

FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED

COLUMN

X,Z ORIENTED

COLUMN

FIFTH

FLOOR

SLAB

36 14.434 0.919

37 14.663 1.184

38 14.829 1.316

39 14.886 1.396

40 14.829 1.356

41 14.663 1.184

42 14.434 0.919

SIXTH

FLOOR

SLAB

43 15.661 1.151

44 15.984 1.463

45 16.195 1.637

46 16.263 1.721

47 16.195 1.637

48 15.984 1.463

49 15.661 1.151

Difference of nodal displacement while

earthquake is occurring in X,Z directions

FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED

COLUMN

X,Z ORIENTED

COLUMN

SEVENTH

FLOOR

SLAB

50 15.826 1.438

51 16.241 1.682

52 16.491 1.992

53 16.537 1.966

54 16.491 1.992

55 16.241 1.682

56 15.826 1.438

Nodes vs Deflection graph

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56

X & Z oriented column

X oriented column

Nodes Vs Difference of Nodal Displacement in (mm)

Here graph is about Difference of nodal displacement while

earthquake is occurring in X and in Z direction.

Clip of model deflection during

different forces applied

Shear force vs column graph

during Earthquake in X & Z direction

respectively

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

407 409 411 413 415 417 419 421 423 425 427 429 431 433 435 437 439 441 443 445 447 449 451 453 455

oriented

non oriented

shear force vs column numbers graph

Here graph is about Difference of nodal displacement while

earthquake is occurring in X and in Z direction.

Practical done on shake table MODEL WITH SINGLE DIRECTION ORIENTATION

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 2.6

AMPLITUDE 12mm

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 1.6

AMPLITUDE 12mm

We did practical on two G+3 models made by us from M.S. plates of

300mmX150mm and provided orientation of column with the help of welding

the 3mm thick and 254mm breadth MS stripes to model. This model is on scale

of 10cm = 1m

MODEL WITH BOTH ORIENTATION

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 2.1

AMPLITUDE 12mm

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 2.1

AMPLITUDE 12mm

Photograph of the proper orientation provided model on shake table

PHOTOGRAPH OF ONLY SINGLE DIRECTION COLUMN ORIENTED

M.S. MODEL

CONCLUSION From this analysis done in staad.pro we conclude

that if the orientation of column is done in only

one direction (i.e. x direction); the difference of

deflection of nodes when earthquake occurs in X

& Z Direction respectively is 10 to 15 mm and

these results are major, and if the orientation of

column is done in both directions (i.e. x & z

direction) the difference of deflection of nodes the

difference of deflection of nodes when earthquake

occurs in X & Z Direction respectively, reduces to

0.5 to 3 mm and these deflection can be ignored

as it is very minor deflection.

From this analysis done in staad.pro we conclude that if the orientation of column is done in only one direction (i.e. X direction); the shear force on the middle column is higher and if the orientation of column is done in both directions (i.e. x & z direction) the shear force on the middle column reduces to half as compare to done in single direction.

Hence if the orientation is done in only one direction, the building cannot resist major amount of forces or load, therefore increasing the chances of building getting collapse and vice a versa.

we did practical on a Mild steel model on shake table and found that the both direction oriented column are more advisable then single direction orientation.

REFRENCE

Indian Standard Code IS-456 for Concrete Design.

Indian Standard Code for Earthquake analysis

IS-1893-2002.

Indian Standard Code SP-16.

THANK YOU