Proceso de Construccion de Un Pozo

8/11/2019 Proceso de Construccion de Un Pozo

1/16

Chapter 1

The Well-Construction Process

Claire Davy, EITICAT, ano

Bernt

S. Aadnoy, University of Stavanger

This

bao

has be eu cornpiled priu cipall y

10

lc ad

wrl ellt incels Ihrough

nrlvauccd

dlilllll~

.uid

lI'ell-desi~n

n-chnology. Thc well-construcuon procexs provirlcs rhc flllll;IlICIlI;d hackhonc 10 SIlPJlOrl xuch wcll desigll

ami complerion designo \Ve also

wj

ll intruducc thc ncvv Icchnology 1111IS

.ipplied

in rhe design

01'

wcllx uud

in lile drilling proccsx.

Idmllced Drillillg

a u d 1 1 1 1 /

I-lllllllogy

is

aimcd

,11

th c app l

ic.u ion

nf luu damental

well-clcxigu

tc chuiqucs.

hui

i t al so adclres scs la r more coniplcx chullcngc- : ihe

SPJ-: Ic.\lbOOK /l/lrUI1I1'/I{lIl.l n(

Drillun;

L//gi//eC/ ;l1g

(Mitche}l 2(09) holds wcalth o inoruuuion on rhe tund.uncutuls. Thc objcctivc of IlIis hook is to c.rpture rhe

vaxt develo pmcnt th.u has raken place in drilling dllling rhc pasr dcc adc ro address mcetiug rhe rcqurrcrucnts

01'

designing more-challcngiug IITlIs mi comph-rions. Signilic;lnl

arlv .mce s ha vc be cn scc n

in

dc cpwarer

orill-

ing,

uud crbalauce d

drilling. loggillg while drillill~.

and

prcxsurc .nut rempcr.uurc rueasurementx clurillg drilling ,

as a tew exumples. These rwo SPE books

are

dosel)' lied logelha .uul

wi

ll be

conxidcrcd

complcrneuuuy.

In short. this hook will link thcorv lo praciical applic.u ion-, ,Iml uuludcx dcruilcd case sllIdies whcrc

ap pr op riate. Alth ough some

derivnuons 01 fund.uucruals

,1Il: rcqui rcd.

lile idea is ro refer lo

Fundumcntnls

ojDrilling.

Dlgil1la;l1g

10 a Irfe cxtcnt.

This chapter scts out the

Iramework

01rhe well-cuasuuction prOlCSS inro which. in pruciice, the dcsi gu

icc hniqucs are drawn Hit ,1/ a time at rhe appropriarc pOillIS. Ofrt'll. st'vn,iI altcrn.uivc IV


2/16

2

AcJvancecl Orilllng and Well Technology

lile 11\'c'IYICW1)(;1 wcl projcel includex ull

ihc

high-Icvcl proces-es (1/ IV:11design. implcmrnt.uion rcport-

ill~. ;11)(1kedh;d; Th,:SL' Jmc:sscs Io rrn p.ut nI' th c wc ll-dclivcrv pro cc sx ami thc dccision -. 1lI;ldc thcrciu.

more I'I/y de~cri :d in O~q;ll/ (20()(1)1. which are lile outcome 01' xound projcct 11l;llIagcillclll

Tlu: IIL'/I-del ivcry prllccss cnco mpa ss cs all rhe aclil'itics required lO gel lrr un xt.ut lo li nivh ;llld is th c

ICSplllhlhilily lllglSl 1>/ /l~,,'IT()lr cllgincl'rl. ;11Il1;11 Ihe il1lcrfan:s

lur

rcpnrtiug 10 exiernal parrics such ;1.\ rcgulatnry

1

Id Il',.

Thc

\\cll-dcliI'L'ly pt'llL'CS' J;I\

bccn

v icwed

ami dctincd

lrum

many

perspccuvcs=-espccialty in

ihc

IHe

1

1

)')1)'-'-111

ord c r

ID

Iinc

[une :111\1ighlighl

rh c

cftccrivcuess

01 ' thc part s 01 ' th e

process Ih;H were signiticlIlIly

inlp;lditlg Ihe k cv IK'I'I'orlll:lllu: itltlil'alnrs (Kctly 199-'1;Robins and Robcus 11)1)6;Dudouet ami

Detiui l

laumc

199.~:

Dupui: .. I

lJ1)7: /'vlorg\I,~Itt)UI hy

vvc

l l illll'gl'ily-;ssurallrt: processcs.

1,2.1 Arl

vanccd

\Vd I Design, Exccllc.u

advauccd

wcll

dexign

ix thc rhreud that su\lains a xuccessfu: 11'1:'11-

dcliv r

rv

pt'\ln's~,

Thc Ili'I)L'lS

of .u lv anced wcl

desigll

ix x imil.u '

lO ihat

usc d

al

a ha sic levcl:

hOI\'CI'Cr. rhrrc

;Irc' 111'11rinv ipa l ditfnclln's ;1\ rhc dl'~igll procccdx:

Ah crn.u i

v r

\I;)S

(Ir

fllllilling IhC nccds are consunu

ly

considcrcd.

Thc designer h;s I() push out (Ir lile couvcntional box .uul somerimcs beyund lile comfort zonc of borh

IIIC tlt'SlgllU :lld his

m hc r

pccrs.

Dcs ig n rnlcs

rhut muy

llave bee n

sel previouxly IIHISI he challen~,'

ClIIl\isllllly. \Ve IIIIISI alll':l)'s re

I 'Cr IlO

[h e objcct ivc s wc are trying lo achieve and not rcmain bouud by

Ir~ldili()lI;d dC~I:;ll tlll:llj()d{llo~:y.

Tu he skillcd in ;llh;llIl'ed IITII desigll. tl : designcr must lirsl bccome conversan: with thc Icchllnlll IC'

Ih;1I :II\~ .rv.ul.ibk: lIT h.ivc al our dispusal')

Thc wc l l II

i

l l he ICljuc,


3/16

:.

The WellConslruclion Process 3

1l11ISr e eslahlshctI ro enablc releusc llf Illwllces Io r thc project.

TtJ

csi im .ue the :lLIrhuri/:liOIl for cx pcnditurc

(AFE). lile xpecific rcsourccs rcquircd to c.u ry out rhc work pruurum muxt also be eSI:lhlisiled.

'1'0 conuneuce thc journcy along rhc wcli-dctivcry prtKes.\. I\C hcgill with what i - ; normal. good pracricc :11

the st.ut: In delinc the objccrivcs of rhc wcl. The objecuvcx will dcpend un rhc purpnsc ot rhe \\'cI11II


4/16

, Advanced Orilling and Well Technology

' he rcqu irement lor 100 many casing scutx rraditionally has Iorccd rhc dcsigllcr inro a xrnn l lcr-t hau-

pr.rct

icabl c tin al

wcllborc

sizc. or

into having ver)' Iargc

xur tac c

casing sil.es, Severul rechnulng ies

ha vc

rccc utl

y

curuc lo rhc torc trunt

lo

.uldrexs thcse challcnpcx: cxpandab lc caxing. 11100n;gc:d-prcsslIlc drilling.

and casing drillint,

rXp;lIId;lble casings have the poieruiul to

otlcr

an cruirely diflcrcnt IV;Y of sclting out c;lsing cOllllgllr,llions

withiu ihc wcll. cnabling Ihe rcservoir wcllbore sife rhat is

ideal

Ior produc ion lU be rc;/i/,ed, Ex p.uulublc

c;lsings C;1I1cvcn cnable OCIISun oplirniling Ihe hole SI/e withoui comprollll,lng rcxervoir wcllhore si/,e

(l',g .. where Sexicnded-reach wells requirc un idl';t1 hule xizc In the high',lIIgJc portion. nr require h,l\'illg;

uouhlc ((lIlC

cascd oll carly).

f3cing ahle lo puxh casing se; ts clown Iarth cr is onc 01' lile many pox iiiv c unrihutc-; 01' rhc 1II,lIl;gecJ-prcsslll'C

tlrilllllg tecluuquc. which is dcscribed in Chaprer

9.1 1 1 1

some C;lSCS.IIlIS techniquc

i,

comhincd

wilh

C1',ng

tlrillillg lu e 11 urc thc auainmcnt ofrhc cas ing-sear dcprh. The icchniquc 01'casing drilltng 1;;,,1'0 dcxcribcd in

Ch.rp ier

l),2.

a nd

i t h,l'

bec n us ed

in innovativc

wa) 's

lo OI'\:ITOI11C

Ioss 01 '

linal

we

llborc slle

ca use d

by

hoc

prohlcm.

Scveral '1'1I aalllples

ha ve

rcvulutionizcd complerion designo wirh thc prodnrt iun

pa ckcr

now bcing

xcntecl

in

produciion

casing

nbove

a

seu led liner

10p, logelher

with

pruducuou-well kill pllilo,upltic, Iltal

do

11tHrcquire k il l llui d in ihc aunulus cloxe 10 thc rescrvoir. Th ese ex amplcx in 111mreduce thc l';sing (Ir linc r

sile

nec dcd

anoss

the

rcscrvoir

and

are we

ll

illusuntcd in

rhc

over-pressurcd gas

wclls

nf lile xourhcrn

North

Sea.

Monohore completions are now nccepted praciice in some areas where corroxion ur lile l'asillgs is unlikcly

ro I)('CIII dllrillg Ihe producrion life 01' t he we 11The principie 01'desiring lile i(]e,j lublllgsilX spCCirlcalinn

1111hce(llll~'s cvcn more important because it is now possible 10 obtuin Ihis,

COIIIJl/eIf)// //1tervals Are lile zoncx ro be produccd all to

be

open

lrom the

OIlISCl'l Is Iher.: ; likclihood

01'dillerill2 prcssurc regimos

Iroru

one zone to unother? Is lile rescrvoir prexsurr pledicl;lblc bclurc lile /llll(~~

are pcuctruretl hy dri ll ing? Will the pure pressure be derectable al the time of drilling',1

The

answer 10

th es e

questions

and the

certainty of

cach wil] lcad wcll

designt'rs tu ensille 1/;11

hey

II,IVC

conlingclll pl;lIlS in place 10

avoid

wasting lime

(a ud

money) in re

sponding lo

a posviblc U1I1CUIIlCIor

whirh

ihere is no established plan,

Fortntttiou livaluation

Requirements.

The big:gest

advance

in Ihis rexpect IS lile use

ol un dc rba lnncc d-

drilling rcchniqucs. which can offcr nor only thc bcnctit 01' reducing impuinnent blll Iso the ;tlllll\'anCt' 01

welllt'Sling whilc drillillg (see

Chapte r

1),1),

Thcre is considerable rcwurd rol'

dc signcrs

inlllinilllil.illg he

criticnl p.uh

time 1'01'rig opcrations A.s

thcs c

are he ight eued turther. innovation is creeping in 10 removc acriviries Irorn th c cruical p.uh . inclllding Iorn

1 0 1 ,

tion cvaluat iun acuviucs. Openhole logging tools have bccorne cranuncd into xhoncr unu x 10 cnablc cornbi-

u.uinn nJIIs to rcplace xeveral runx of

lo ggi ng too ls and

10

bcc ome

a nonn,

Likcw ise .

long.::r coring rllllS ~II\'

achicvablc in une uucmpt. More focus is placer on enlighteniug thc rustorner w ith Ihe C()~I Ir infunuauon

g;lincd in lhcse lI'ay' 10 cnablc cnmpromises to be seuled IIpOl1. Logging results derived Irom rucnsurcmcut-

whilc-rlrillinj: techniques are now widely accepted as dcfinitivr survcys Ior Ioruun iou cvalu.uiou jllllpUSCS 111'

oil rompanicx and rcgulatory bodics. although thcrc is controvcrsy ovcrthc ourcomc rcading s. Unlortuuatclv.

i t

is xtill neccssary ro spend lime 0 1 1a gyru survcy lO define dirccrional p.uhs of wclls

iha t

mav l.ucr huvc ot hcr

wcllx nc .u hy

01' are to

be

sidctracked in or near a reservoir.

ferfnmliOI/ Strategies

and Sand Control.

Thc Iirxt design choice

would be

111pertor.ue ()I' ro havc ;11;

opcnholc complcrion 01' surts. Perfor.uion iechnolop

y

has moved nhc.ul. ami rhc choice 1'01'xclrcuou no:

Sp;IIIS wid r,lIIge,

Once the we ll (lt:signer h;s infnrrnation about pore p'essures and rcservoir charactcriz.uion. incllldillg the

cxicut ami thickncxs 01' inrcrbcds aud

ihe

narure of

ihc

rescrvoir rock anel ils pel'llleahilily llleCh;lIlisIlIS. a) rct',

Illcnl (;11I

lx:

reached on h(l\\' perfllralinn inlervals will

he

c/oscll---whal Ing lhe)' lllay nced lO

he

basecl UpOl1.

lhe: illlensity of perforation IsllolS per foot),


5/16

The Well-Construclion Process 5

Opcnh ule completions ca n hav e screens or slortcd pipc sct aeross rhern. or simply can ha ve raw snn d-

[are exposcd. The use ol ex pnndable sand scrccns ami s.uulpack have chnnged thc oprions Ior

corn ple

tion

cxtt'lIsivc/y.

1.3 .2 D efine the N ecds of the

\Vell. J)iITerellli;lIing

rh e nccdx

01;1

well

al


6/16

6 Advanced Orilling and Well Technology

() Thc n.u urc

01'

eac h of the

geological Iormarionx

am i thci r

drill 'lhilil)'. wcll-bore

stubi lity

pcrt or-

ma ncc al

vario us

holc anglcs 1('1.2. Tire pore

pressulc and fracture pres sure plot w irh dcpth are the kcy lO derermining which en;lbling tcchnulogy could

;Hld value by rctercnce lO 'rabie 1.3.

-_

.

_-_ . . ._ __ __ _ . .._

TABlE 1.1- DATA COllATI0N AND ANAlYSIS TOPICS IN THIS BOOK

Data Callalion and

Analysis Tapie

Chapler fa r Relerence

Chap.5.1

Chap.6.1

Chap 6.2

Geamechanics and Wellbore Slability

Images While Drilling

Geasleering

Wellbare slabilily

Pare pressure

Chap.5.2

Normalizalion and Inversion Melhads

--_- TABLE 1.2-ESSENTIAl WEll-PlANNIG TO~ICS IN lHIS-_BOK ~ = j

Well-Pl3nnong Tapie Cnapter for Referenec

Casing seat placemenls Chap 2 Advanced Casino and Tubll1g De s iqn

Casing confiqurations 1

Tubing seleclion

Completion delails

Chap.3.4 Laads. Friction and Buckling

Well palhs-lrajeclory design Chap. 3.1 Advanced Orill51ring Oesign

Welleonlrol modeling

Chap.4.2 WellCanlrol Modeling

._._ _ .._ ____


7/16

..........

_... ......_

The WelJConstruclion Process 7

TABLE 1 3-ENABLlNG-TECHNOLOGIES TOPICS IN THIS BOOK

Enablinq- Technologies Topie Chapler rar Reference

Using underbalanced-dnrlinq fluid Chap. 9.1 Uncerbalanced-Drunnq Opcralions

hydroslalics

Using at-balanced-drillinp fluid Chap.9.3 Managed-Pressure Drilling

hydrostatics

Using toarn as drilling fluid Chap.4.3 Foam Onlling

Cilsing while jnlling Cllap.9.2 Casing While Orilling

1.3.3 Assur:lllcc lo Arhieve th e Dexign. Once thc wcl l des ign is outlincd. i t will be irn poru uu lo cnsure Ih;1I

the complete tlri Iling progr.un can SlIppOrl ihc req ui rcmcnt s 10 tulfi l rhe objectivex 0'- rhe wcll. Axsuruucc 111;11

thc wcll can huvc cnnrinucd inlcgrily will bccornc prouressiv ely more nf a conc ern In s:llisry th c l'cgu ;llOry

aut hori Iics.

\-lanagclllcnl will ncc d 10 be pr eseuted with several way s lo dcsign the well, with lile eOSI for cnch sel OUI

und ;1 lisl

ni

the slreng lh s. wenkuesscs. opportunii ies, and lh reals presented by cuch. Axxu ran ce Iha l the

dcsigncd wcll can be put in Ih e , 'rtlum l \ViII need to be ju stif icd. The more non-standard lid th c more dcv ia-

liom lrorn Iradilinll,t1 icchnolog y ihar are proposcd. the grea ter the dcpth 01 ' sr udy 10 pr ove ihc projcct v iable.

ld enu lica tion 01 th c opportunitic s thut the des ign offers is highly val uable al this sragc. The re servoir cllgi

ncers xhouk] be cncourugc d lo share th cir v ision of how rh e well w ill continu e lo drain ih e icld dllring ih lite.

including production r.ues. tluid rypcs, ;1I1dwheth er water i n f l u x or x an d p ro du ctio n will Iike ly occur ;Irtn.l

spccific numbcr 01' y cnr s.

Ccrtu in p;rlS of Ihis book provide guiclance 011 ho w

this

can be udd resscd within


8/16

8 Advanced Drilling and Well Technology

TABLE 1.5-SPECIA~IST ENVIRONMENTAL_ CONDITION TOPICS IN.THIS BooK-

l

Specialist Environmental

Condition Tapie Chapter for Reference

---O-eepwater wel;s---- Chap. 7 Oeepwater Onlllng

J

Hiqh-pressure/hiqh-ternperature Chap.B High-PressureIHigh- Temperalure

wells Well Oesign and Onlling

..........

_----_._--

I.J.4 Rcsources lo Meet These Rcquircmcnts. Resourcc-, 10

cnahle

the dcsi~ncd \\cIIIO be put in place ar

ncx t dctcrm iucd

hy

the aclvanccd

well-design engineer. In particular, il

is detcnu incd what

i\ uvailublc

.uid

what is :Ipprtlplllle with respect lO

Dri Iling rigs or worko ver unirs

Servicc cquipmcut

Acccxs rourc s lo supply the drilling ri~ anrl thcir limii.uions

Local asxistan cc,

support,

un d any co nstraints

Ex pcrt perxonncl to deliver th e requ ired objectiv es

Ncw technologics llave cmcrged wi thin the provisin of n11111)'erviccx rcquircd Ior l'llilSlrllcling and servic-

ing

wcl s.

L:x:lIllples are

ser

out in Chapter

9.4, Coiled Tubing

Drilling alld Chaptcr

9 ..1.

Novel Drilling

Techniqucs

Tire complete wcll des ign and the rcsources

10

be uscd are normully do cum ented 111~Idrilling programo

Appeudices ol this

prograrn provide

rhe ou tlin e

0 1

how spec iul componcnrs

olrhc progfillll

such as rhe mud

m thc clircc tional program will be execured. For operarions on ihe United Kingdolll COlltilll:nlill Shelf

e u

KCS) ,

the drilling. progralll is referred to as the Hcalth and

Satety

Executive (HSE) Submissiou.

1\

in many couu-

trics, i t

muxt be

submined

to

Ilre regulatory aurhoruy Ior approval

or

acccprnnce prior 10

pcnn ixxion

beillg

grillllccI 1'01'rhe oi 1 co rnpa ny lo construct rhe well.

The

dc

tai lcd proccdures for

ull rhe

plann ed

activirics

ihcn are

compilcd

1111 tlcl~ldetl drilling prngram.

Thc wcll cnginccr perf rmns sig uificuu t planning with all 01' the rcquired partirs ~Ind ;rlSIJ urg~lnilxs loruml

risk asseSSlllcllts th ar addrcss the adclitional risks crcaterl

by

th e intcractivity nf rh c v.uious couuibuunx

(which are ovcr and above thc risk assessmcnis rhnt euch serv ice providcr pcrtonn -, in-houxc un thc re-

t ivu ics ror which cach is wholly respousiblej . It is importnnt not to miss thc lisJ..:s

prcx cnicd by

hringing

tugclher cliffcreur tc.uns ofservice providers: No

111'0

wcll

des igns

are idcruical:

ihu s. m y riud

ofrisks are

prexcutcd Io r which miuimiznrion, mirigation, and rcsponxes need

10

be IIHlughl th rough tormally bcforc

activiry o n-site.

A ty pical m .magcmcn t sy srcm Io r c orn pa nies

opcrating on

thc UKCS fonn alizcx

1\'11;11

in l'lel Icnd.s In

work

we

ll

nnywhcre. Exccrpr s

01 '

tlow charts Irom

thix mnnugcmcru xysrcm

are proviclcd

in

Figs.

1.1

th rough 1.4

ID show ho,v thc design proeess is rigorously integrated: rhe chanx iucludc dctiuirc stcl's aud chcck s by lile

wcll cx.unincr Inr wcll in tcgrii y , and risk asscssm cnt acrivitics are in jcc tcd as the design dcvclups righ: rom

rhc basis ol dc;;ign through ihe wel -driiling progr;1ll und Oll through ihe dcvclopmcnt ni' dcrnilcd proccdurcs.

Wcll design an rl complcrion cksign are ud dresscd in the

sarne

rigor ous manncr.

The man agcment sy srcm gocs 011lo point OUI in pa rticular the SIC));;in which \\'cll-lnll'gr-iIY conccrns wouid

he idcn ti licd as the wcll is construrtcd (or as th c c omp le rion i, pu t in rhc ground). ,1;;rCJlortin, ,111(.1undovcr

or the

product

wel lo thc cuxrorner is

achicverl.

ami as revicw

occurx.

1.4 Implementatiol1

1.4.1 Dcliv('ry of the Advauccd Well Dl'sign. Enahling OIl-SiIC dclivcry ol thc lk\lgn 1L:lluires xevcru KL\

s)'\tellls

lo

be in place. The si/.e or rh e projcct to which Ilris wcll ronlribulcs C,III v~lry grt:;i1ly. Whcrc lile \wll


9/16

Responsible Team

[ 1 J Cornpany asset

[J Company operations

o

Well examiner

AFE

supporting

documentation

Completion

basis

0 1

design

Risk assessment

Subsea-systems

basis of design

Risk assessment

The Well-Construction Process 9

L_-'-- _

Signature Authority

Asset manager

liI

Enqincer

Operations manager

i l

Weli examiner

Peer

Process Requirements

. __ _ ~

Manoatory II required

Outline well-operations

program and health and salety 1.

executive notilication

Drilling

basis of design

Detailed well

- ; ; - ; ; - l

flO,PlejJirlaltio_n s_p_ro_g_r_a 'lm~ --_-----l Well examinati~

Well-test

basis of design

,

L

Well exarnination

rogram changes

End 01 well report

Fig. 1.1-0verall well-planning process-document and signature requirements (courtesy 01 Chris Dykes

International).

is a luue cx

plor.u

inn

well.

sysll'1l1S

wi l be

strenmlincd

and likely cuxtomived. Where the wcll is

(li le

ol

m.iny .

i t oficn rcquirex support by ,1 corporntc set of sy SICIllS that also support. Ior cxample. the production opera-

tiullS 01- a pl .ufnnn .

Thcrc

,11(:.

however. S)stCIllS

nf

nnportunce 111,lt are

noied

here as ideall

y

rcquircd

10

SOIllC scalc.

whurcvcr

Ih e P IOJCCI. Thc systelm uecc lcd 10 support rhe su ccc ssf u l consuuciion of the de sigued well compuse. ,IS a

minimum. SySlC111S

ih.u

pcriorrn rhc folloll 'llg tasks:


10/16

10 Advanced Orilling and Well Technology

Responsible Team

O Asset

O

Operations

O

EH&S

O Well examiner

O Well partner

. S ~ f ~ J 9 Y ' t M r ;~ ~ i 1

.'.slteSlJwey,,\.:

t

cnjracto(/:,~

Prepare and submit

PON

15

Prepare and submit

oit spill

contingency plan

ALJditsi(esJ'rvey ..

. c6ntractr'

Prepare AFE supporting

docurnenlation for long lead time

well materials, goods and services

Approve FE r6rlo~g lead time

well

rnaterlals; gi:iods and services

. . ..

Order long lead time

well malerials, goods and services

Fig, 1.2-Well-planning process-preplanning phase (courtesy

01

Chris Dykes International).

Clc.u ly define and documcut res ponsibili ries an d accoumubiluics

P ubl ish po lic ies am i procederes. pa rt icu lar ly to ensure

sarCI)'

al sile

Monitor tor actual operations:

as-huilt

vs. planncd to derert and m.mnge change

Alcn rol' vnri.uio ns in

local

d. ua that rnay

cornpromise thc

dcsign

Euab le eflcctive communicuriou

Ensurc follow-through on authoriuuive direciions

Clcurly Define and Documont Responsibitities and Accountubiities.

\ mee ting 10

d ril/ lile 11 ,11

11 P{/Ir'f

C;11I be cttcc tiv e in ac hi cving the se definitions. Usual ly . rcxpnnsibilities a 11(1 ncc ou nt .rhiliues \ViII be dOCII-

mcuicd i11 the managcmcn: systcm.

j


11/16

The Well-Construetion Process 11

Responsible Tearn

J Assel

[J

Opera1ions

[J

EH&S

1,''':''''::,,+, .: '0 -' ..... ,.,.

i

I

1,

,e.o :-'/;'. : ...., .

1

[] Supply chain

L

DECC consent to locate

G Well examiner

Notify fisheries lederation]

t

I

I

r

Initiate weekly planning

Contracts

I

I

meeting

I

I Consents and notifications

. . .

Oil spill eontingency plan

J

~.

Rig selection process

Conduet offset data review

SMS: bridging and SC docs

. ..


12/16

12 Advanced Drilling and Well Technology

Submit--da~ydrilling reports

Submit 5/7 -day operations

look ahead

Issue weekly operational and

emergency response

dut rotation

Submit well-activity reports

casing running

cementation fishing

Submil lessons to company

database

Complete EEMS

chemical-useage reports

Asset

Responsible Team

O Operations O EH&S

Drilling O

contractor

Well examiner

Conduct well

operations

Submit weekly

HSE activity report

Prepare activity

work

instruclions

Prepare and submit

PON

1

reports

Prepare and subrnit

PON

1

reports

Prepare and submit

RIDDOR reports

Prepare and submit

RIDDOR reports

Prepare well

change request

WCR

Fig. 1.4-Well-planning process-program (courtesy

01

Chris Dykes tnternational).

Cement job Iais

Siuck casing muxt be xet high

Act ual gcology ur porr pressurc is not as predic te d

Alert for Variations iu Local lrata That May Compromisc tlt e Desigu. Var i.uionx that oc cur

on

xitc

II111st

1l0

he pcrm iu cd

to

comprom iso

designo

For cx ample, gcolo :') ' picks

coming in ton higil

m

not at

al l

\ViII

;Jlcct tlu: l-;l.si llg setting depth.


13/16

The Well-Construction Process t3

E/laMe CO/llIII/lllicafioll P ]IIlS . including ex ec ution rcspo nxihilities . nec d ro be re luy cd trom IO\I-'n lu kcy

perso

lll1c l

al site. From lile well-sire the reslIl ls 01 monitoring are Icd bn ck 10 IOWI1 by rhe con rrn ctorx daily .

weekly , 01' monthly.

Ensure Follow-Through

011

Authoritative Uirections. The oil cO lllpan)' repr escnu.rivc ;1\ rhc wctlsitc is

[h e fo cus and coc oor dinator Io r

oversccing

communications au d Io r cnsur ing

ihar the

oil com pan y di rec t

ives

are impl clllenled.

1.5 Reporting and Feedback

1. 5 .1 \N IH II Is Reported? M inimum rcpor ring rcquircm ents are very suict.

They are

use d fo r ihe rolln \V in g

pl lrpo ses:

To mee t obJ igalory res puu sibi li tie am i sari sfy reg ul atory

nuthoriiics

Toinfonu orh er s in the si re tcr nnund nil

compauy ,

which is uhimately uanslate d into be ing

Ior

satery

or comrncrciul

)lllrJloses

Il is rn and atory that all deta ilx dC llIonslral ing \V l'1I imcgriry am i cornpliancc to [h e appr ove d pr og ram are

reponed.

How D o e s Reporting Occur? Rcporring can occur in a number 0 1 format s and trequen cies Irom daily

drilling repo rts to w cek ly xumrnarie s , am i. att er

ihe

wef l is lini shcd. th e Ia ctx will be rcc ordcd in

un

cnd uf

well reporto R epo rts are by the oil cornpany drilling superv isor ur repr es cntutiv c to the oi l company office

res ponsible

Ior the licensc.

They ;:.Isn may uriginalc from rhe serv ice corn pany and drilling contractor.

1.6 How Best To Use Advanced Technologies in the Overall Advanced Well Design

Using

ad vancc d techn oJog ies in th e ovcrull advancc d wcll dcsign rcquircs:

l. COIH.:Cpl

op tions to be generutcd

2. A robus t busin ess case rol' the preferred choice

3. A sound depl oy rncnt Irumework

4. Excellcnce in project management

Thi s bo ok prov ides th e wcll-des ign engineer with infor rnarion 011rh c IICW rcc bn olo gics ihat are available for

well construct ion aud giv cs examples of how ihose rc chnolog ics can be us ed in advanc ed well des igno Engi-

ncers w ill find thcse exam pl es useful in lak ing their ca pa bilities bey ond rhe basics,

As (h e cngin ee r follows specific examplcs , il is also use lu l

10

con sider what oihcr innov ative appl ica tions

the re miglu

be

Io r thal particular rec hn olug y . In the evolv ing energy ind uxrry , creariv iry ami rcx pon sib le de -

ploy meut 01' IlCW technolog ie s w ill prov ide the cornperirive cd ge.

Thi s book se rvex on ly

lo

introduce th c rcchnotogi es am i some cx amplcx of rh cir upp hc.uion. lur thc r

rcx eur ch 10 gain full Iamilia ri ty w irh rh e particular rcch nology of inrcrcst is hi ghly rec on uneuded .

A cauiion is ncedcd he re ab out inco rporatin g new rcc hnolou y into wcll designo The cxtent to whi ch new

technolngy dep loy rne nt ca n benetit Irorn go od project munagem cur cann ot he oversr.ued. The ups u e is that

ncw tcc hnology implcnicntation ca n impro ve sy slc lns performance bccause so much aueutiou has In he paid

lo dctnil. The dowus ide is th at ir such auention and

,1

rigorou s approa ch

lo

ri sk numag cruc u: are uot madc. thc

app lica tion 01 th e new lcc ilnology may be doomcd . Thc pr cparntion of propos als need s, ih crcfo rc. ro iucor -

porate an analysis of th e stren grhs. wea kncsse s. opporrunities and thr euts (SWOTs) Io r ca en option so that

lhese are tho roughl y co nsid crcd prior ro a managcmcnt cha llen ge.

C a s

Study.

W hcn addr e,~ing case studies. the dev elopment 01' dcs igu optious broad ly Iollow s th c srcps

sc t oUI in thi s cha pt er. Referen ce SIH lU lt he mude by the dcs igner lo the rclevunt technolug y in Ihis book .uu l

in pub lished paper suc h as thnx e tound in the

SP E

li tcr.uur e. For ca ch wcll -dc xign np t iuu uulicu ted , rhe

aCliv ir ics o well co ns truction. inclu ding ihe completion. should be xet ou t by the des ig ne : cach cng inccri

likcly to

CIllI

rhis cx crc ixe wiih sligluly ditfe rcnt uu tcumcs.

---- ..


14/16

14 Advanced Drilling and Well Technalagy

Obicctivc. To illustrare the valuc

1 1 1 :1 1 ;\

hn rizon tal well would havc compa red lo a trad iri oual verti cal wcll.

I'nr an oil rompa n)' th .u is unfum ilia r witl: (, r.1.ip prchcusivc about ) horizuntnl wel lx.

IdclI/i ril/g Hotuulruv

ontlitions

Rcx cr vo ir

Plnn. Th e salid

tre nd

is in [he

uo rth/sot uh

dircction within thc

rcscrvoir. Wluu is li le optimum

dirccrion

1'01':1 ho rizontal wel in this rcscrvoir? Fig.

5

is a sketch of a pl an

;11

rescrvoir

level .

with North oric nr cd

tlp ihe pag c, showing

hr ui ded

sands.

\sSCSSIII('f /1.

l. A horizonml

we l]

with

ca st/w cst oricntanon is

needed

lO

Irns


15/16

TIlO Welt-Conslruction Process 15

such aualy se s

lO

sc reeu th c av ailabl e dc sign options

~1 I1C 1

preve rhe ca se

tor

rhe appl icnu on

01'

ncw vs, uadi-

tional Icchnology.

P ro ject

Management,

Excell ence in pr oj cct-m an agcmcnt

rcchniques is

re qui red lO lacilinuc an d bcuelir

troru thc use 01 ' th e new tcc hnologics,

P ropo sals Ior th e application ofn ew

iechnology are

id cally supportcd by i

nformatiou

to

present

the st.u c of

thc artorninimize risk, and maximizc valuc. Typical srudics rhat

can

he undertak eu 10 prov idc this in tornuui on

includ c:

TABLE 1_6-COMPARISON OF VERTICAL ANO

HORIZONTAL WELLS

._

....

_ _ .. . _ . ._ ..

ldenrification of rhc new tcchnology bencfirs where they

apply In

explor.uiou

wcls

Tcch nolog y gap nnn ly sis al th e

conceptual

stages ol a proj cct tu dcm onstr .ue which tech nologies llave

lile porenrinl to add value

The

position of cach ncw rechnology to be uscd in projecl-scl out in

thc

tcchnology dcploymeut plan

lo support

the field dev elopm cnt

plan or

rhc

fi eld rcdcvclop mcu t

plan

Technicnl asscssmcnt 01the

in teg ration

of uew/ncw and ncw/uaditioual iechnolog

ic s

10

ac hi cvc

the

be si-v aluc well over a well 's en tire li fc cy cle

The cost and potcnrial value geueraied

by

thc new rechnology: tnr ex.uuplc.how ihe correct applic.uion

of the new rechnology

can

\' lmprove projeci cconouucs

o l.iber.uc reser ves of eithcr bypasscd oil or prcviouxly

ununainnblc

res erves

Sl,lIlIS of the maturity of

ca ch

rcchnology, Ilaming cxumplcs in which dcployincut has occurrcd in

sim ilar circum stanccs

The dcgree of

reliabil iry

1 thc cquipmcnt componcnts

Thc

level of contidcncc wirh

whi ch

the technulog

y

can he dcploycd in

thc

purticul.u

selling or which

i t is intcnded-c-onshorc/offshorc. local country. or b, 1S1I1

The

nmount of plalllling

rh nt

ix

necded

lo

succ ess fully dcploy

ihc ICC]IlOlogy

Thc ro ot ca use s tluu han- um lcrpinned cx isuug succ c:

Slmies

The back ground aud rhc

lIlldcrlyillg

ca use of rclcvaui

luilurcs

of

Ihis

tc chuo lop y

Conuiburing

Inct ors

lik ely ro id succexs m 10

uuderminc

Ihc dcpl()ynll'nt

---

Tradilionat Vertical Well Horizontat Well

Is simple and relatively

inexpensive

Well design is easily

accepted as a proven

melhod wilh a low cost,

bul is it a good value?

May not intcrscct any of

Ihe pay sano channel

Longer zone in lhe pay

sands

Greater confidence in

peneuatinq Ihe reservoir

Concern over perceived

nsks 01achieving Ihe

well

Higher imlial well cost

and interventions

Accesses more reserves

Reservoir depletion is

less understood (e.q.,

well may have a shorter

life ,f cones water anc

less of a

cnoxe

etfeel

around lt1e wellhore)

Increased production

rate

s

likely lo

acceler ate prooucnon


16/16

16 Advancec Drilling and Well Technology

A c< ll~ log of th e man-h ours rcqui re d lo effc ctively achieve rhc voluruc of planning rcquired 10 br ing thix

tcc hnology dcp loy mcnt to re.ui iy without cost

overruns

Thc wcl l cng incer w ill nncl that it is usc ful

lO

ge l a Ieel l'or rh e above maucrs so that they are we ll cquippc d

lO

respond to cu srom er re ques is tor use 01' ncw cr technologies in a realistic manuer . Thi s bno k is iu tended

IS

a good sla rt ing poiut

ror

bo rh ihos c

cousidering

su ch implcmcnt atio n an d also

10

support thosc who huve

dep loy cd cennin ne wer technolog ics and ca n ben efi t from

prompts.

kno wledge nnd methodo logies rhat apply

1 .0 othcr te chn ologies as yC I IIIt1ri.d. 1 I i, hoped thut rhe informarion prov ided

ca n

hclp w ith prcparing thc

businesxes cases 10

bring

cuch 10

[ruition. Kecping

updated with rcsults aud

I'in dings

Irom othcr

indu stry

col-

lcagucs and oth er

SPE

co llengucs \V iII co mplement what y ou lind in this

book .

Acknowledgments

Figs. 1.1

th rough lA .

which xhnw the diag r;l Ill S of

li le

wcll

engin eering

mauagement system,

are couu esy nf

Cluix Dy kes interuauonal.

al

Id

: t

spcc ia] acknowledgm ent gocs 10 Chris D y kes for his kind perm ixs ior: to

rcprint rhcse.

References

Dud ouet, M . and D eGui llau mo. 1. 199 .1 . Ma in Contrac tor 's V iewpoint of th e Lekhw air T urnkcy P roj cct : Case

Hisrory . P aper

SP E 29417

pres eni ed al thc

SPEI/ADC

Dri lIing Con tere nce, Amsterdam, 2S February-?

M urch.

Dupuis. D .

19 97.

Tru e Line 0 1 Buxincxs: D ri llin g P roject Managemeni. Paper SPE 37633 presented at the

SPE/lADC

Drilliug

Conference. Amxicrdam , 4-6 March,

Kelly, J.H. 1994. Tcamwork:

Thc

Methodology

for

Succ csxtully D rilling

the Judy/Joanne Devclopment.

P aper SP E 28862

pres enrcd

at th e Europe an P etroleum Confe rcncc , Lond on, 25 -27 October.

M itchell, R.1'v1.(ed). 200

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