Private Pilot Ground School Lesson 4 · 2020-02-20 · TFRs. Alert Areas. Airport Advisory ......
Transcript of Private Pilot Ground School Lesson 4 · 2020-02-20 · TFRs. Alert Areas. Airport Advisory ......
Private Pilot Ground School
The Flight EnvironmentLessons 10 - 13
© Rainier Flight Service, LLC 2012
Scanning – In VFR conditions scan in 10 degree increments for at least one second. At night use peripheral vision to detect light movement.
Airways – When climbing or descending VFR on an airway execute gentle banks, especially in the vicinity of VORs
Atmospheric Haze – Objects will appear further than actual
Night Flight – Avoid bright lights for 30 minutes prior to flight
Collision Avoidance / Scanning
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Blind Spots
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Aircraft Lighting
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Clearing Turns
GL10 – Safety of Flight
1. Aircraft in distress2. Balloon3. Glider4. Airship5. Airplane or Rotorcraft
Who has the right-of-way? Converging Head On Overtaking Approaching an Airport
Right of Way Rules
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Anywhere – Must be able to land without undue hazard to people or property if engine quits
Congested Areas – At least 1,000’ above highest obstacle with a 2,000’ radius of aircraft
Other than Congested Area – 500’ AGL
Sparsely Populated or Open Water – 500’ radius of person, vessel, vehicle, or structure on surface
Minimum Safe Altitudes
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Controlled Flight Into terrain
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Taxiing in Wind
GL10 – Safety of Flight
Click Me!
Controlled and Uncontrolled Airports
GL11 - Airports
Runway numbers correspond to magnetic direction Rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, with the last zero dropped out
Airports with two or more parallel runways indicate the differences with an L, R, or C
Runway Layout
GL11 - Airports
Traffic Pattern
GL11 - Airports
Wind Direction / Segmented Circle
GL11 - Airports
Noise Abatement Procedures
GL11 - Airports
Airport Visual Aids
GL11 - Airports
Runway/Taxiway Markings
GL11 - Airports
Ramp Area Markings
GL11 - Airports
Airport Signs
GL11 - Airports
Airport Lighting
GL11 - Airports
White/Green – Civil Land Airport
White/Yellow – Water Airport
White/White/Green – Military Airport
Green/Yellow/White - Heliport
Airport Beacons
GL11 - Airports
Runway Edge Lights
GL11 - Airports
In-Runway Lighting
GL11 - Airports
PAPI Two Bar VASI
Pulsating VASI Tri-Color VASI
Visual Glideslope Indicators
GL11 - Airports
Approach Lighting Systems
GL11 - Airports
Lighting can be activated with microphone usually on CTAF frequency 7 clicks – high intensity 5 clicks – medium intensity 3 clicks – low intensity
15 minute timer Check AFD for specifics
Pilot Controlled Lighting
GL11 - Airports
Obstruction Lighting
GL11 - Airports
Airport Safety Considerations
Know your airport signs and markings Never taxi faster than a brisk walk Pay attention outside when taxiing. If you need to
multi-task – STOP Ask for help when in doubt
Runway Incursion - Any occurrence at an airport involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.
GL11 - Airports
Land and Hold Short (LAHSO)
GL11 - Airports
Wake Turbulence
GL11 - Airports
Latitude / Longitude
Latitude
Longitude
Equator
Prime Meridian
GL12 – Aeronautical Charts
Projections
GL12 – Aeronautical Charts
Sectional 1:500,000 Scale Revised every 6 months
Terminal Area 1:250,000 Scale Metropolitan Areas
World Aeronautical 1:1,000,000 Scale Revised once a year
Types of Aeronautical Charts
GL12 – Aeronautical Charts
Terrain and Elevation
GL12 – Aeronautical Charts
Chart Symbology
GL12 – Aeronautical Charts
The Airspace System
GL13 - Airspace
Entry RequirementsNone
EquipmentNone
Minimum Pilot CertificateNone
Class G Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Entry RequirementsNone for VFR
EquipmentNone
Minimum Pilot CertificateNone
Class E Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Entry RequirementsTwo-Way Communications
EquipmentTwo-Way Radio
Minimum Pilot CertificateNone
Class D Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Entry RequirementsTwo-Way Communications
EquipmentTwo-Way Radio
Mode C Transponder
Minimum Pilot CertificateNone
Class C Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Entry RequirementsATC Clearance
EquipmentTwo-Way Radio
Mode C Transponder
Minimum Pilot CertificatePrivate Pilot
Student w/ Endorsement
Class B Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Entry RequirementsATC Clearance
EquipmentIFR Equipped
Minimum Pilot CertificateInstrument Rating
Class A Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Prohibited Areas
Restricted Areas
Warning Areas
MOAs
TFRs
Alert Areas
Airport Advisory Area
VFR Military Training
IFR Military Training
Special Use Airspace
GL13 - Airspace
Other Airspace Areas
GL13 - Airspace
Additional Airspace Regulations
GL13 - Airspace
Allows you to operate within Class B, C, D or E airspace when weather is less than 1,000’ or 3 SM.
May fly with 1 SM and Clear of Clouds upon request from control tower.
Must be instrument-rated pilot in instrument-equipped airplane at night.
Student Pilots cannot get Special VFR.
Special VFR
GL13 - Airspace