Preventing Marine Pollution

8/6/2019 Preventing Marine Pollution

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/preventing-marine-pollution 1/24

11

Preventing marine pollutionThe environmental threat

Land-based sources by-products of industry

run-off from agricultural pesticides and

herbicides

effluents discharged from urban areas



22

Preventing marine pollutionThe environmental threat

shipping and maritime activities

oil

tanker accidents

Torrey Canyon (1967),

Amoco Cadiz (1978) Exx on Valdez (1989)

terminal operations

normal tanker operations



33

Preventing marine pollution

Preventing operational pollution

This can result, for example, from the dischargeof oil-water mixtures resulting from tank cleaningdirectly into the sea.

This has been done by introducing anti-pollutionmeasures into the design, equipment andoperation of ships.



44


Reducing accidents

This is principally achieved by introducing and

enforcing strict standards and navigational

procedures on a world-wide basis.

While principally designed to make shippingsafer these measures have a secondary

advantage in that they also help cut pollution

resulting from accidents.



55


Reducing the consequences of accidents

Measures have been introduced which are

designed to lessen the amount of pollution

resulting from an accident (for example, by

limiting the size of tanks and thereby limiting

the amount of oil entering the sea in the event

of a tanker going aground or being involved in

a collision).



66


Providing compensation

The costs of pollution can be enormous.

A series of measures has been adopted toenable victims of pollution incidents to be

provided with compensation for their

losses.



77


Helping implementation

IMO has provided technical and other

assistance to Governments in developingcontingency plans for countering pollution.



88

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex I

Prevention of pollution by oil Entry into force: 2 October 1983

Annex II Control of pollution by noxious

liquid substances

Entry into force: 6 April 1987



99

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex III

Prevention of pollution by harmfulsubstances in packaged form

Entry into force: 1 July 1992

Annex IV Prevention of pollution by sewage from

ships

Entry into force: 27 September 2003



1010

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex V

Prevention of pollution by garbagefrom ships

Entry into force: 31 Dec. 1988

Annex VI

Prevention of Air Pollution fromShips

Entry into force: 19 May 2005



1111

M ARPOL 73/78 Annex I

Operational discharges of oil from tankersare allowed only when all of the followingconditions are met:

the total quantity of oil which a

tanker may discharge in any ballastvoyage whilst under way must notexceed 1/15,000 of the total cargocarrying capacity of the vessel;



1212

M ARPOL 73/78 Annex I

Operational discharges of oil fromtankers are allowed only when all of the following conditions are met:

the rate at which oil may bedischarged must not exceed 60litres per mile travelled by theship; and



1313

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex I

Operational discharges of oil from tankersare allowed only when all of the followingconditions are met:

no discharge of any oil whatsoever

must be made from the cargo spacesof a tanker within 50 miles of thenearest land.



1414

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex I

An oil record book is required, inwhich is recorded the movementof cargo oil and its residues fromloading to discharging on a tank-to-tank basis.



1515



1616

M ARPOL 73/78 Annex II Some 250 substances were evaluated

and included in the list appended tothe Convention.

The discharge of their residues is

allowed only to reception facilitiesuntil certain concentrations andconditions (which vary with thecategory of substances) are complied

with.



1717

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex II

In any case, no discharge of residues containing noxioussubstances is permitted within12 miles of the nearest land.

More stringent restrictionsapplied to the Baltic and BlackSea areas.



1818

M ARPOL 73/78

Annex III

Contains general requirementsfor the issuing of detailedstandards on packing, marking,labelling, documentation,stowage, quantity limitations,exceptions and notifications forpreventing pollution by harmful

substances.



1919

M ARPOL 73/78 Annex V

Time taken for objects to dissolve at sea

Paper bus ticket 2-4 weeksCotton cloth 1-5 monthsRope 3-14 monthsWoollen cloth 1 year

Painted wood 13 yearsTin can 100 yearsAluminium can 200-500 yearsPlastic bottle 450 years



2020



2121

M ARPOL 73/78 Annex VI Set limits on sulphur oxide and

nitrogen oxide emissions fromship exhausts and prohibitdeliberate emissions of ozone

depleting substances.



2222

Seafarers role in waste management The shipboard personnel are involved in the process

of waste generation and management from a number of different perspectives:

1. As operator and maintenance personnel of differentmachineries onboard that will definitely producewaste products.

2. As initiators of the waste management chain bytransferring of waste materials for treatment anddisposal.

3. As initiator of illegal discharges of oil and other solid

waste materials at sea.



2323

Shipboard Waste Management System Seafarers must understand what Shipboard

Waste Management System can achieve interms of the quantities of waste dealt with and

the benefits and disbenefits to human healthand the environment associated

They must understand how their actions canreduce the amount of waste requiringtreatment or disposal

All waste management options have their advantages and disadvantages and gaugingthe seafarers views of each will play animportant part in developing and implementing

effective waste management plans.



2424

END OF PRESENT ATION

THANK YOU

Preventing Marine Pollution

Documents

Transcript of Preventing Marine Pollution