Pressure to Expand Chapter 10

Becoming a World Power: U.S.

Causes & Effects of Imperialism

Imperialism- Stronger nation’s interest in dominating weaker nations-

Economically, Politically, Culturally, & Militarily

European Imperialism

“THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE BRITISH

EMPIRE”

Euro-American Imperialism

American Imperialism

If there ever was in the history of humanity an enemy who was truly universal, an enemy whose acts and moves trouble the entire world, threaten the entire world, attack the entire world in any way or another, that real and really universal enemy is precisely Yankee imperialism. ~Fidel Castro

Factors for Expansion

ECONOMY Industry created increased need for natural resources- rubber & petroleumThese resources came from undeveloped countries Needed new markets to sell manufactured goods

ECONOMYToo many goods

Too much food- Surplus

Led to Domination over poor agricultural countries

Created agreements over land with Latin Countries & then exploited the Natives as cheap labor

Factors for Expansion

NATIONALISM- Devotion to one’s nation

Competition with other European Nations for Empire created an interest in expansion Superiority- U.S. Felt that their ideals and goals were superior to other nations

Social DarwinismPoliticians such as Theodore Roosevelt thought that Imperialism would strengthen the spirit of the U.S.

Social Darwinists believed that Imperialism was part of survival of the fittest

IT WAS DESTINY OF U.S.

Technology produced Military that was more powerful than weaker nations

Militaristic Countries needed bases for refueling and supplies

Military Factors

Alfred Mahan

Admiral of the U.S. Navy – encouraged the U.S. military to build a global presence to compete with other powerful nations.

Many battle ships were built as a result of Mahan, including the USS Maine

Encouraged the establishment of more naval bases in the Caribbean and the construction of the Panama Canal.

Religious Values

Piety/Duty: There was a impulse to carry Western ideals to Christian lands around the globe.

William Seward, Secretary of State

Purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 cents per acre)

Many thought it was silly to buy frozen worthless land, but proved to be full of timber, minerals, and oil.

AnnexationTo join new territories or nations to existing nations.

U.S. annexation of Hawaii

Many U.S. business located in Hawaii producing sugar cane, but had to pay a tariff to sell in the U.S.

Business leaders wanted to annex Hawaii to avoid tariff.

Pearl Harbor was built in Hawaii in 1887

Queen Liliuokalanni was overthrown, Sanford Dole headed new government (business owner) President Cleveland did not want to annex Hawaii as a state unless the people voted to approve statehood. Dole was ordered to restore power to the Queen, but refused.

Hawaii wasn’t formally a state until 1959, but never voted for the approval.

MONROE DOCTRINE: December 2, 1823

Warned European Powers NOT to interfere with Western Hemisphere’s Affairs

Warned that the U.S. would not tolerate Colonization

Would say the U.S. refuses participation in disturbing Latin American nations

Broadened to Include U.S. Imperialism in late 1800s

Foreign Policies

Chapter 10, Section 3Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-

American war.U.S. gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and paid $20 million for the Philippines. Spain freed Cuba.

Puerto RicoWhy Puerto Rico?

Presence in the Caribbean

To protect a future Canal that the U.S. wanted to join the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Who ruled Puerto Rico after the war?Military

Then U.S. passed the Foraker Act that set up a civil government.

U.S. appointed Governor and Puerto Rican citizens elected house members.

They were granted U.S. citizenship in 1917.

CubaU.S. helped Cuban farms, schools, medicine, and eliminated yellow fever after the war.

Platt Amendment:

1. Cuba could not enter any treaties with other countries that may try to control its territory.

2. U.S. had the right to intervene in Cuba

3. Cuba could not go into debt.

4. U.S. could buy or lease land for naval station.

Protectorate: U.S. partially controlled Cuba’s political affairs.

PhilippinesFilipinos were not happy with the Treaty of Paris. First they were under Spanish rule, and now American rule.

They revolted, led by Emilio Aguinaldo ; 3 year war – Philippine-American War- resulted in 4,000 American deaths and 20,000 Filipino deaths. (War cost $400 million and U.S. paid $20 million to purchase the islands.)

U.S. set up a similar government for the Philippines as what existed for Cuba, and eventually earned independence in 1946.

China’s InfluencePhilippines were gateway to Asia for the U.S.

U.S. feared that China would be split into colonies and U.S. would be shut out.

John Hay, (Secretary of State who referred to the Spanish-American War as the “Splendid Little War”) issued the Open Door Notes.

Letters to other imperialists nations stating that they should share trading rights in China with the U.S.

Boxer RebellionChina was free, but had lots of Europeans in large cities.

Secret societies pledged to remove foreign “devils” from China.

They were trained in martial arts

They rebelled and fought European troops

Thousands died fighting.

U.S. worried again about European control in China and losing equal trade.

Open Door PolicyBeliefs about American Foreign Policy

1. U.S. Economy growth depended on exports

2. U.S. had a right to intervene in Foreign countries to keep those markets open.

3. U.S. feared closing a market or country to American products or ideas threatened U.S. survival.

Imperialists vs. Anti-ImperialistsMcKinley was an imperialist; U.S. had gained an empire during his presidency (Spanish-American War; U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines.)

Cleveland, Carnegie, and Jane Addams were against U.S. ruling over people without their consent.