Becoming a World Power. Imperialism Following Industrial Revolution, U.S. looks to expand globally....
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Transcript of Becoming a World Power. Imperialism Following Industrial Revolution, U.S. looks to expand globally....
Becoming a World Power
Imperialism
Following Industrial Revolution, U.S. looks to expand globally.
By 1800’s, U.S. uses “Imperialism” as a reason to expand U.S. territory. Imperialism = stronger nations extend control
(politically, economic, & military) over weaker nations.
Imperialism had supporters & critics.
Imperialism
Reasons given for American Imperialism:
Economic Military Cultural
Foreign land = products needed to
settle = more industry needed
Show foreign powers strength of U.S.
Believed industrialized nations were superior
Get raw materials from new markets
Create strong U.S. navy to protect shipping lanes
Believed non-industrial nations were inferior.
Find new markets to sell American goods
Build U.S. military bases overseas
Belief in need to spread democracy &
Christianity
Imperialism
Criticism of U.S. imperialism seemed to center around: U.S. being a bully Expanding military at expense of defenseless people Making $$$ at expense of poor people Taking over poor countries, not helping them
With America stretching to Pacific, lands bordering Pacific are targeted through imperialism.
Two lands taken by U.S. during this stage were: Alaska Hawaii
Seward’s Ice Box
William Seward arranges to purchase Alaskan territory from Russia in 1867. Costs $7.2 million
U.S. annexes land in 1884, making it U.S. territory (not a U.S. state until 1959).
People criticize new purchase; refer to it as: “Seward’s Icebox” “Seward’s Folly”
Annexation of Hawaii
In the 1800’s, missionaries moved to the kingdom of Hawaii to convert locals to Christianity.
Descendants (sons/daughters) of missionaries stay in Hawaii; start sugar plantations By late 1800’s wealthy American planters dominate
Hawaiian economy.
Queen Liliuokalani tries to limit power of sugar plantations owners. Felt owners were taking advantage of Hawaiians
Annexation of Hawaii
Americans sugar planters feel threatened by queen’s move; look to remove her from power.
With help from U.S. Marines, Americans overthrow Queen Liliuokalani in 1893. After revolt, American planters ask for U.S. to annex
Hawaii Hawaii not officially annexed until 1898 (not a U.S.
state until 1959)
Homework #1 – 4/8/15
1. What is “imperialism”?2. Which criticism given is one you agree with
most about U.S. imperialism?3. Why were Hawaii and Alaska targeted by the
U.S. for expansion into the Pacific?4. Who owned Alaska before the U.S. purchased
it? How much did we pay?5. What 2 nicknames were given for Alaska’s
purchase?6. What does the U.S. do to annex Hawaii that
seemed unfair?
Yellow Journalism
Cuba (Spanish colony) begins a revolt to gain independence from Spain. U.S. stays out of conflict, but is concerned how war would
affect trade w/ Cuba.
As conflict continues, U.S. newspapers begin reporting about harsh treatment of Cubans by Spanish. Reports sparks outrage among American public.
President McKinley refuses to get involved w/ Cuban conflict; public pressure forces him to reconsider.
Yellow Journalism
Newspaper articles about Cuban conflict are later found to be inaccurate – yellow journalism is born.
Yellow journalism included: Exaggerating facts in hopes of gaining readers. Using misinformation to spread rumor/gain more
readership.
Two newspapers known best for this practice were: New York World (Joseph Pulitzer) New York Journal (William Randolph Hearst)
Yellow Journalism
Hearst famously declared “Bring me the pictures and I’ll bring you the war”.
Due to continued newspaper coverage, the American public persuades U.S. gov’t to act on Cuba.
President McKinley sends the U.S.S. Maine (battleship) to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens.
Yellow Journalism
On February 15, 1898, the Maine explodes and sinks in the harbor off Cuba. 266 sailors are killed in blast.
Newspapers run with the story, alleging that Spanish officials sabotage boat.
Investigation later concludes that explosion was an accident.
Yellow Journalism
Despite findings, American public wants revenge for lost lives of sailors.
U.S. publicly calls for Cuban independence – demands Spain withdraw from island. Spain cuts off diplomatic relations w/ U.S. Both sides brace for war
Yellow Journalism
First battle of Spanish-American war takes place in Philippines (Spanish colony) half-way across globe. U.S. Navy (Dewey) launches attack on Spanish navy. Destroys Spanish fleet in 7 hours. 360 Spanish sailors dead/wounded; no American lives
lost.
Spanish-American War continues in Caribbean: U.S. Navy blockades Cuba. 200,000+ U.S. troops invade Cuba, among them Teddy
Roosevelt. Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” (1st Calvary unit) help U.S.
take control of Cuba; kick Spain off island.
Yellow Journalism
War concludes on August 12, 1898 w/ Spain signing peace treaty w/ U.S.
Under terms of treaty, Spain would: Grant Cuba independence. Give U.S. additional territory (Guam, Puerto Rico,
Philippines).
Homework #2 – 4/10/15
1. How would you describe what “yellow journalism” is?2. List a positive & negative about the use of “yellow
journalism”.3. What was the goal of the newspapers that used
“yellow journalism”?4. Explain how “yellow journalism” affected the
American public enough to drag the U.S. into the Spanish-American war.
5. What happened to the U.S.S. Maine? How did newspapers reports differ from the actual event? Why?
6. What did the U.S. gain from Spain following the Spanish-American War?
Expanding Interests
Japan had closed off it’s country to outside influences for 2 centuries (200 yrs.)
U.S. wanted access to Japan’s markets in 1850’s, so: Commodore Perry parks U.S. naval fleet outside Japan Through threat of force, Japan signs treaty opening
trade w/ U.S.
U.S. didn’t stop w/ Japan; wanted access to China as well.
Expanding Interests
U.S. & European nations create “spheres of influence” throughout Chinese region.
“Spheres of Influence” were areas of a region that foreign nations would claim: Special rights Economic privileges
To make sure everyone “shared” China’s markets, U.S. requests an “Open Door Policy”*. No country owns ALL trade w/ China (included U.S.)
Expanding Interests
Many Chinese were unhappy about the foreign presence in their country. Foreigners given special privileges Chinese traditions disrespected
A group of Chinese, called “Boxers”, rebel against foreign presence. Called Boxer Rebellion
Rebellion is put down by international force (8 nations, including U.S.). Remaining “Boxers” are executed.
Expanding Interests
As U.S. economy grows, quicker access to the Pacific is needed.
U.S. ships needed to sail around South America to reach Pacific ports; a shortcut was needed.
Best location for shortcut was in Panama (Central America).
Expanding Interests
Panama (newly independent) gives U.S. 10 mile stretch of land to build canal.
Construction lasted 8 years ($350-380 million cost) with a successful shortcut created. Shorter naval trips saves U.S. businesses & military
millions of $$$.
Expanding Interests
President Teddy Roosevelt (newly elected) believes: U.S. was the dominant power in Western
Hemisphere. U.S. should police Western Hemisphere
Roosevelt states that U.S. would “Speak softly but carry a big stick” while protecting Western Hemisphere. U.S. would use military force if our interests were
threatened.
Expanding Interests
Roosevelt reminds Europe of Monroe Doctrine (1823)*: * - Banned European nations from bothering Latin
America
Roosevelt also passes “Roosevelt Corollary” in 1905 to further Doctrine’s goal.
With Doctrine & Corollary in place, U.S. would Become “police force” for Western Hemisphere. View any European action in Latin America as a threat
to U.S. Defend Latin America as if it were U.S. soil.
Homework #3 – 4/14/15
1. What convinced Japan to open their trade markets with the U.S.?
2. Why did the U.S. create an “Open Door Policy” regarding trade with China?
3. Why were Chinese upset about the presence of foreign powers in their country?
4. Why was the Panama Canal necessary from the U.S. perspective?
5. What did President Roosevelt mean by his “speak softly…carry big stick” comment?
6. What would the U.S. do for the Western Hemisphere under the Monroe Doctrine/Roosevelt Corollary (3 tasks)?