CHAPTER 12 BECOMING A WORLD POWER 1890-1913

(PAGES 360-385)

• The Pressure to Expand• New Markets for goods• Responsibility to carry Democratic

values/Protestant Christian Values• Imperialism• Europe dominating weaker countries to forge empires• “The sun never sets on the British Empire”• Rise of Germany• Competition

Traditions of Expansion

Manifest Destiny The Monroe Doctrine The most favored nation in China Japan Annexed Midway Islands 1867

Expansion vs. Isolation

Corporations go global Banana Republics

Increase the Navy Protect Trade 1900 one of the most powerful navies in the world

Pioneer Spirit

Social Darwinism

Inevitable and Noble to conquer weaker countries

Minister Josiah Strong and Senator Albert J. Beveridge

Public generally favored new markets

Foreign Entanglements, War, Annexations

Latin America, Islands in the Pacific, China Chile had to pay $75, 000 in reparations for

killing sailors Rebellion in Brazil-1891

Navy sent to protect shipping America vs. Britain in Venezuela

The Spanish American War

Cuba rebels 1868 and again in 1895 Spain sends General Valeriano Weyler and

150, 000 troops U.S. would not back the rebels

Guerilla troops attack U.S. interests Business owners increase pressure for war

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

Yellow Journalism-sensational stories about brutalities Kuwait in the 1990’s

Jingoism Explosion on the U.S.S. Maine Philippines Rebels Last Chance for peace Cables to the Navy

U.S.S. Maine

Spanish American War

http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war#roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war

“Splendid Little War”

May 1 1898 Admiral Dewey launches a surprise attack on Spanish ships in Manila bay Destroys entire fleet

Spain’s navy bottled up in Santiago Harbor Teddy Roosevelt and the “Rough Riders”

San Juan Hill Buffalo Soldiers

Buffalo Soldiers

July 3rd Naval Battle

Spanish fleet is sunk 2,500 Americans dead

400 from fighting 2, 100 from food poisoning, yellow fever,

malaria, lack of medical care

Peace Treaty December 1898

Cuba independent U.S. pays $20 million for Philippines,

Puerto Rico, and Guam Unincorporated and unamerican

Feb. 1869 War With Philippines

Lasted 3 years 4, 200 dead 2, 800 wounded Brutal fighting Philippines not independent till 1946

Cuba

3 year military government Cure for yellow fever found by Maj.

Walter Reed Platt Amendment (1934) Puerto Rico never gained independence

Citizenship in 1917

Annexation of Hawaii

Queen Liliuokalani- opposed U.S. Sanford B. Dole and marines depose

Set up a Republic and ask for annexation President McKinley grants in 1898

Samoa Germany, Britain, and U.S. all wanted

U.S. gets Pago Pago

China

Power of monarchy declines Spheres of influence shared by Russia,

Germany, Britain, France, Japan, and U.S. Open Door policy 1900 Boxer Rebellion

300 foreigners and Chinese Christians killed Put down by Europeans

1900 Election

McKinley defeats William Bryan (isolationist) McKinley assassinated Teddy “Wild man” Roosevelt becomes President

Forceful Diplomacy President Roosevelt Born into a wealthy family Overcame Asthma Graduated a Historian Married Alice Hathaway Lee Studied Law

Three deaths in one Day

Wife and Child during Childbirth and Mother from Typhoid fever

Lived on a Ranch in Dakota Territory Hunted, rode, studied history Wrote “Winning the West”

Remarried Edith Carow Enters politics Hawk

Secretary of the Navy

Resigns to organize the 1st volunteer Cavalry Regiment in Spanish American War

Governor of New York Vice President-President

The Bully Pulpit

Panama Canal

Isthmus of Panama French could not make canal

Tried to sell it U.S.- Columbia blocked the sale 1903 U.S. incited a rebellion against Columbia

Panama became a protectorate of the U.S. 1914 Canal completed before schedule and under

budget

Foreign Policy in the Early 1900’s

“Speak softly and carry a big stick” Roosevelt Corollary

Neighboring countries become stable and prosperous

Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)

Roosevelt the Peacemaker

Russo-Japanese War Supported Japan 1905 Mediated a peace treaty

Open door policy in China Land and Control of Korea Russians vacate Manchuria

Received the Nobel Peace Prize

William Howard Taft

Succeeded Roosevselt Substituted bullets for dollars

Not always successful Railroads in China Lost influence after rebellion in China in 1911

People’s Response to Imperialism

Isolationists/Anti-imperialists Disgust over the Philippines Morals, Politics of Freedom

U.S. colonies should have rights of U.S. citizens Planting Seeds of Democracy

People were not ready for democracy yet

Policy of Racism

African Americans- more persecution of “inferior” races

Southern Democrats- No more races in the U.S.

Too Costly

Increased taxes for the military Too many problems at home Goods produced in colonies were no

taxed or regulated

Appeals of Imperialism

Need for competition Need a frontier Boys scouts and Girl Scouts

Juliette Low Media popularized imperialists

“The Rough Riders” “Conquest of the Tropics”

Paradox of Power

Support unpopular governments Responding to requests for help