Presented by Bruce D. Rosenblum CEO Inera Incorporated · Copyright 2011 Inera Incorporated. All...

Copyright 2011 Inera Incorporated. All Rights Reserved

Challenges in eBook Production

Presented by

Bruce D. Rosenblum

CEO

Inera Incorporated

STM International, 1 December 2011


So You Want an e-Book Workflow…

Introduction

DTD selection

XML and Composition

File organization and naming

Metadata

Fronts and backs

Body content challenges


Journals Look… Well… Plain


Books Look… Well… "Designy"


Book XML: Why Now?

Market demand

Multi-platform delivery

Production costs

Delivery time


Book XML Rationale

Journal XML workflow focus

Online delivery

Metadata delivery

Book XML workflow

Production efficiency

ePub creation


Journal/Book Issues Comparison

Journals

Standard designs

3B2, XPP batch

pagination

Automation,

automation,

automation

Books

Designers rule

InDesign centric

Let's do this all by

hand

XML production requirements inherently contradict traditional

book production. We are starting to address this issue…


DTD Selection

Unlike journals, no single standard DTD for books

Some choices

TEI

DocBook

NLM/JATS

DITA

Roll your own proprietary DTD

How do I choose?


DTD Selection

Based on

Your content

Front list vs. back list vs. historical content

Discipline(s), e.g. Humanities vs. Life sciences

Your XML use-cases

Tools you may want to use


TEI DTD

Origins: Academic community (Brown University)

Widely used in humanities

Great for historical materials

E.g. preserving line break/pagination information

Poetry

Least-known by suppliers

Weakest commercial tool support


DocBook DTD

Origins: Technical publication (O’Reilly)

Great for technical and trade books

Lots of commercial tool support

FrameMaker, ArborText

Well-known by suppliers

OASIS standard


NLM/JATS DTD

Origins: Scholarly journal archiving & publication

Widely used by journal publishers

Great for

Science publications, multi-author works

Publishers doing books and journals

Content with structured references

Well-known by suppliers

NISO standard (journal tag suite)

Book model not as mature; BITS revision 2012

But 3.0 is useable


DTD Commonalities

Any of these DTDs work well for simple

monographs

All of these DTDs are designed for customization,

if necessary


XML Creation

Author – Really?

After PDF

Common, but less robust

Final XML is not proofed

Before copy-editing – requires XML editors

After copy-editing, before composition

Best compromise

Content edited in Word

Proofed PDF created from XML


Typesetting

Books are an InDesign world

But InDesign is a limited XML platform

Difficult to import/export richly tagged XML

Automate InDesign XML-driven page layout

Custom scripts

Customizable off-the-shelf commercial software

Allows automatic layout and manual tweaking


XML, Composition, & Corrections

Easy (relatively speaking): XML InDesign

Hard

Corrections in InDesign

InDesign richly tagged XML

Options

Correct in InDesign; export IDML; XSLT final XML

Correct in XML and re-flow content to InDesign

Works best when InDesign page layout is automated


File Organization

Is an XML book

One large file?

One chapter per file?

It depends…

Can individual chapters stand alone?

Will you sell individual chapters?

Will you re-package individual chapters?

The linking problem

Inter-chapter references "See chapter 9"

Back-of-the-book reference list


File Naming

Bad

No system; Random editor's choice

Author names Accented letters, disambiguation

Good

Book ID Internal ID, e.g. BK12345.xml

ISBN, e.g. 978-1-4094-1940-2.xml

Chapters E.g. 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001.xml, 978-1-4094-1940-2_intro.xml

No special characters or spaces

Artwork File Names

Design a system that is

Logical and consistent

Unambiguous

Robust

Minimizes manual work in file preparation Bad: "Insert BK12345-Fig2.5.jpg"

Good: "Figure 2.5: Figure title"

Transform auto-generates: <graphic xlink:href="BK12345_C002_FG005"/>

Avoids possible mis-typing of figure name

File extensions: XML is better without

E.g. TIFF for PDF, GIF for online delivery

Script adds appropriate extension when rendering


Example Image Names

Follow and extend book conventions

Figure: 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001_FG003

But what about other types

Plate: 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001_PL003

Map: 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001_MP003

Exhibit: 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001_EX003

Equation: 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001_EQ003

Consider all artwork types across publications

Special Artwork Naming

Unnumbered images

Figure: 978-1-4094-1940-2_C001_UN003

Special cases

When the "name" is better

Lots of unnumbered images

Field guide

<graphic xlink:href=

"Eusynthemis-tillyardi-male"/>


Equations

Format options

MathML

TeX

Images

Consider composition and delivery requirements

InDesign works best with images

eBook readers can't render MathML or TeX

Future proof

MathML + images


Metadata

Identifiers ISBN

Print, PDF, ePub… How many? Consult www.bisg.org

Book ID (internal publisher ID)

DOI Chapters, figures, tables, too?

Book "type" (publisher classification)

Publisher and imprint information

Copyright, publication date, edition

Authors, editors, translators Book-level

Chapter-level

More… Each publisher has unique requirements

http://www.bisg.org/


Fronts

Title and half-title page

Copyright page

Tables of contents

Regular and Expanded

List of figures, tables, etc.

Prelims

Preface

Introduction

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Title and Half Title Page

<book-title>The Instrumental Music

of Schmeltzer, Biber, Muffat

and their Contemporaries</book-title>

<contrib contrib-

type="author"><name><surname>Brewer</surname>

<given-names>Charles E.</given-

names></name></contrib>

<aff>Associate Professor of Musicology, The Florida

State University, USA</aff>

British Library

Cataloguing in Publication Data

 Brewer, Charles E.

(Charles Everett) 

 The

instrumental music of Schmeltzer, Biber, Muffat and

their contemporaries. 

 1.

Instrumental music – 17th century – History and

criticism. 

I. Title 

784'.09032-dc22


Tables of Contents

To XML or Not?

Included in XML

Data redundancy and corrections

Simple, but risk of error

Excluded from XML

Build automatically from chapters

Expanded TOC information in each chapter

Requires some script expertise, but more robust


Prelims

Introduction, Preface, etc.

"Mini-chapters"

Usually very simple

But…

Unnumbered artwork

End signature

One file or many?


Backs

Bibliography and References

Notes

Glossary

Index


Bibliography and References

Linking to CrossRef

Not required, but desirable

Linking from chapters

Consider

chapter-level reference lists

Back-of-the-book bibliography


Notes

Best to place in each chapter

Avoids linking problems

Script can collect all for back-of-book


Glossary

XML setup

Back-chapter

Inline definition

Allows marginalia presentation

Script can collect

for back-of-book

Glossary XML Example

<xref ref-type=“glossary” rid=“gl002”>Cognitions</xref> represent

any "knowledge…"

<book-part id=“glossary” book-part-type=“glossary”>

<back><glossary>

<def-list>

<def-item id=“gl002”>

<term>Cognitions</term>

<def>A person's knowledge, opinions, or beliefs.</def>

</def-item>

</def-list>

</glossary></back></book-part>


Indexes

The hand-curated index, not auto-generated index

Vestige of print or useful scholarly tool?

Print index

Used to find useful information

Used to evaluate book contents

Electronic index

Used in a "search" world?

Perhaps to evaluate book contents

The index isn't dead yet, is it?


The Index Workflow Problem

Integrated creation in Word

Authors not index specialists

Hard to integrate into editorial

Can't create until book fully paginated

Index specialists are not XML experts

How to markup richly linked index?

It's not easy

Perhaps unlinked text index is OK?


Body Content Challenges

Complex boxes

Table formatting

Discontinuous Lists

"See page…"


Box 1: Box Title

This is some text in a

sidebar box. Boxes

may also contain

figures, lists, equations,

or even sub-boxes

inside

Complex Boxes

Text in Boxes <boxed-text id=“exh1" content-type="exhibit“>

<label>Exhibit 1</label><title>Factors</title>

<list id="L1" list-type="bullet">

<list-item>conditions</list-item>

<list id="L2" list-type="bullet">

<list-item>high</list-item>

<list-item>significant</list-item>

</list>

</list>

</boxed-text>

Table Formatting

Shaded cells

CSS attributes in HTML model table

<styled-content style="1" style-type="shade">Cell

content</styled-content>

Special cell borders

E.g. double-underline in financial tables

CSS attributes in HTML model table

CALS requires custom setup

Discontinuous Lists

<list id="L1" list-type="order">

<label>1</label>list-item>Item

1</list-item>


2</list-item>


3</list-item>

</list>

Some interesting text in the middle

of a list, but not part of a list item

<list id="L2" list-type="order"

continued-from="L1">

<list-item>


4</list-item>…

Images courtesy CFA Institute

1. Item 1

2. Item 2

3. Item 3

Some interesting text in the middle

of a list, but not part of a list item

4. Item 4

5. Item 5


"See page" Problem

In print: "See page 253"

What does this mean in an eBook?

Link to

A paragraph

A section head

An arbitrary point

No good solution

Except, perhaps, author education?


Afterthought: Book Errata

We all make mistakes…

Provide

Errata URL in front of book (DOI is better)

Form to report errors

Update errata page as errors are found

Discussion:

http://www.linkedin.com/groupAnswers?viewQuestionAndAnswer

s=&discussionID=81521719&gid=65026&trk=eml-anet_dig-b_nd-

pst_ttle-cn&ut=0u5NFofoH3hl01

Example:

http://www.berkshirepublishing.com/brw/product.asp?projID=65

http://www.linkedin.com/groupAnswers?viewQuestionAndAnswers=&discussionID=81521719&gid=65026&trk=eml-anet_dig-b_nd-pst_ttle-cn&ut=0u5NFofoH3hl01










http://www.berkshirepublishing.com/brw/product.asp?projID=65


Conclusions

eBooks are here, now

Production more complex than journals

XML requirements

Workflow requirements

InDesign Limitations

But all can be overcome

While adding XML as a product driver

And gaining production efficiencies and cost savings


Questions?

Bruce Rosenblum

Inera Incorporated

+1 (617) 932 - 1932

[email protected]

www.inera.com

Presented by Bruce D. Rosenblum CEO Inera Incorporated · Copyright 2011 Inera Incorporated. All...

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Transcript of Presented by Bruce D. Rosenblum CEO Inera Incorporated · Copyright 2011 Inera Incorporated. All...