Presentations Sde Small-Islands

8/3/2019 Presentations Sde Small-Islands

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN

SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPINGSTATES(SIDS)

Mohamed Ali

Environment Research CentreMinistry of Home Affairs and Environment, Maldives


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Sustainable Development:

safeguarding the reefs for; protection,fisheries, tourism and agriculture in theMaldives

Development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own

wisdom to continue exploiting the availableresources (environment) without upsetting thefunctioning and balance of the natural support

systems


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Specialness of the SIDS

Lack of natural resourcesand skilled endogenoushuman resources.

Remoteness

Smallness

Geographical dispersion

Fragility of ecosystems

Heavy dependence on imports


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The setting:


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The consequences:

cost of distribution and services delivery multiplies

loose competitive advantage

forced to import almost all requirements;

no food or energy security,

products for export/ consumption obtaineddirectly from the environment


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Physical environmentalchanges

- global warming,- climate change

-O3 depletion

-sea level rise

Economic environmental

changes- globalisation

- economic restructuring

- WTO

- economicstatus

Global environmental changes


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Fisheries

Aesthetics

TourismPhysical protection

& survival

Tradition &

cultureENVIRONMENT

(REEFS)

Physical environment


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Coral Reefs:

The foundation, the strength, and the future of

the Maldives


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Fisheries

REEFS

Fisheries Reef fish

Bait fish Tuna fisheries

Consumption

Export


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Aesthetics

Aesthetics

REEFS


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Year

%GDP

Tourism Fishing

Percentage Contribution to GDP by Tourism and Fishing from 1984 to 2000Tourism

REEFS

Tourism


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Physical protection

& survival

REEFS

Physical Protection

Erosion Erosion


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Tradition & Culture

Tradition & Culture

REEFS


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height and shape


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Water Resource


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island dynamics

Long term

Short term

Medium term


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Local stresses

Dredging/Coralmining

Sand mining from

beach Harbour

construction

Reclamation

Seawalls/groynes

Island-basedpollution


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1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

2100

Dec-88 May-90 Sep-91 Jan-93 Jun-94 Oct-95 Mar-97 Jul-98 Dec-99 Apr-01

Sealevel(mm)

Hulhule

global warming

climate change

frequent El Ninos

coral bleaching

O3 depletion

sea level rise

Hulhule

27

27.2

27.4

27.6

27.8

28

28.2

28.4

28.6

28.8

29

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

oC

Global stresses


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Coral Bleaching

afterduring..before


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Reef Damage


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impact the economic andsocial performances

threatening natural resources(reefs, biodiversity, tuna)

affect water resources

vulnerability to disasters

reduce resilience of theislands

Results


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eroding the market preferences and export

benefits.

Economic environment:

trade blocs and regional associations areclosing the doors for their few export products

Sanitary and phytosanitary demands or ecolabellingrequirements are hindering exports by SIDS.

Economic status (LDC/SIDS?)Yardstick issue

Tend to lose preferential borrowing rights andaccess to special funds.


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Compounding vulnerability:

Environmental vulnerabilityhastening economic vulnerability,

combination of both are amplifyingand escalating social vulnerability.


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Sustainable Development in SIDS:

Case sensitive

Narrow threshold

Insecurity

Vulnerable (internal and external shocks) Complex

Pragmatic approach

Unity and cooperation

Presentations Sde Small-Islands

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