Mumbai Development Plan (2014-2034)

Solid Waste Management Stakeholder Workshop to provide inputs to the Preparatory Studies

document provided by MCGM

21st January, 2014

Conference Room, F(S) Ward Office

Stree Mukti Sanghatana AAKAR Observer Research Foundation Mumbai

• Report available on following link has been referenced for this presentation

http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM

%20Department%20List/Chief%20Engineer%20%28Development%20Plan%29/Preparatory%20Studies%20Report/PREPARATORY%20STUDIES_PART_2_B.pdf

Pages 165-168 (as per numbering in the report)

Pages 15-18 (as per the PDF page reader)

2

Critique of Preparatory Studies document

Many figures provided are not referenced and will need clarification.

We feel that Preparatory Studies is an important document which will form the basis for further planning and all the data, assumptions and assertions made in the document need to be discussed and countered for their correctness or otherwise.

3

Nowhere in the whole document is the mention about reduction of waste at source. This has become the dominant philosophy for solid waste management, which guides all decisions regarding policy, land use, budget and operations in many parts of the world now.

4

Peoples vision document was submitted by “Hamara Shehar Vikas Niyojan – Mumbai DP Program” in September 2013. Those recommendations have not been included in the preparatory studies document

5

Existing crisis

• No admission of the crisis's at Deonar and Kanjur

• From a land use point of view the municipal corporation must admit and inform citizens of how challenging finding land for landfill sites has been.

• Using the same as a basis it should layout and justify a plan for a decentralised and waste reduction at source policy

6

7

Photo: Vanashakti

8

Photo: Vanashakti

Livelihood linkages of solid waste not discussed adequately

9

• Table 34 on page 165

Mentions Number of community collection

points as 3,751

Does this include the kind of sites shown in following slides?

10

11

Photo: Rishi Aggarwal

12 Photo: Rishi Aggarwal

13

Photo: Rishi Aggarwal

Review of the data and statements made in Challenges on page 166

14

630 gm

average waste generated per person per day

Averages are misleading. Is this per family or per person? A classification of data needs to be done on following accounts 1. Bulk generators like

restaurants, hotels, vegetable markets etc. and individual households and residential buildings

2. Slum and non-slum

15

619 MT Total recovered waste

including recyclables

Was a study conducted? No reference given for this number?

16

369 MT

per day of the solid waste generated is treated by converting it into organic manure, vermi-composting, vermi-culture

No reference to data source? No mention of any of the operational bio-gas plants Would an increase in decentralised treatment of organic waste be desirable?

17

Point no 5 page 166

“Lack of segregation of waste cause operation difficulties and eventually environmental damage at treatment issues. Land constraints are and very high land prices pose a challenge towards identification of land for locating sorting centres”

How much land is required for sorting centres? Has the MCGM done a study on the same before arriving at a conclusion?

18

“The rest of the entire solid waste collected including construction and demolition waste are dumped in the landfill sites without any treatment”

Is this an admission by the MCGM of failure and irresponsibility in implementing the MSW 2000 Rules? Use of word landfill sites incorrect. These facilities are unscientific garbage dumps

19

In 2005 a comprehensive survey was carried out by the SWM cell of the All India Institute of Local Self- Government (AIILSG), Mumbai, and a local NGO, the CLEAN-Sweep Forum, under the assistance of the US-Asia Environment Program (US-AEP) of USAID, to examine the ALM system and suggest necessary steps to revitalize this effective movement of peoples’ participation and help in developing its institutionalisation in the municipal set-up.

The genesis of this research study was the extensive

deliberations spread over a year, which CSF had with municipal officials such as the AMC in charge of SWM, which resulted in MCGM calling for a Project Report on the subject.

http://mumbaiswm.wordpress.com/2009/07/31/clean-

sweep-report-on-preformance-of-alms/

20

21

Sr.

No.

Details M Ward Rest of City Total

1 No.of ALMs surveyed 22 23 45

No. of residents (at 5 per

family)

25,830 63,015 88,845

2 Total Waste generated in

the ALM (minus inert)

1,759 kgs 4,405 kgs 6,164 kgs.

2.1 Waste not going to

dumping grounds

1,210 kgs. 2,228 kgs. 3438 kgs.

2.2 Percentage of total waste

not going to dump

69% 51% 56%

2.3 ‘Dry’ waste not going to

dump

211 kg 795 kg 1,006 kg (16%)

Table 5.1: Consolidated Quantitative Data of ALMs Surveyed in Mumbai

22

2.4 ‘Wet’ waste not going to dump 999 kg 1433 kg 2432 kg

(40%)

2.5 Mixed waste still going to dump 549 kg 2177 kg 2726 kg

(44%)

3 Waste generated p. family

(dry+wet+mixed)

0.340 kg 0.350 kg 0.345 kg ave*

4 Waste saved from dump per family

per day

0.234 kg 0.177 kg 0.190 kg ave

4.1 Total amount saved by ALMs for MCGM

@ Rs. 1.60 kg. per day/ per month

Rs.1936

per day

Rs. 58080

Rs. 3565

per day

Rs.

1,06,950

Rs. 5501 per

day

Rs. 1,65,030

5 Compost generation per month 3000 kg 4300 kg 7300 kg

6 Employment Generation Full/part time

workers

7 / 26 65 / 20 72 / 46

In the absence of high quality, reliable and detailed data, it is not possible to calculate land requirement for decentralised waste management

23

We challenge the point there is paucity of lands

Making the Development Plan should logically be done keeping in mind that influencing the SWM policy would have significant impact on increasing or decreasing the land requirements in the 2014-2034 timeframe THE RIGHT SWM POLICY WILL HELP REDUCE THE

DEMAND FOR LAND

24

Suggestions

Preparatory studies document needs to provide ward wise statistics for following:

1. Hotel/Restaurant waste

2. Vegetable market waste

3. House hold waste

4. Low/high income house holds

5. Garden waste

6. Religious waste

7. Biomedical waste

8. Slaughter house

25

Suggestions

• Provide space for decentralised waste management in each of the 151 planning sectors identified.

• 415 sqkm is Planning Area for DP2014-34. Each sector = 2.74 sqkm = 677 acres

• It will be desirable to devote at least one acre for decentralised waste management facilities in each sector.

26

Suggestions

• Bio-mining at Gorai dumping ground to create space for developing bio gas plants, windrows, dry waste sorting centres and other waste management facilities

• Significant population in R Wards and a large part of the waste can avoid travelling till Kanjur and Deonar.

27

Glass Metal Green Plastic landfill

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND

ECONOMICS

• 1 MT biodegradable waste is going to be 1 to 2 MT food

for tomorrow.

• Decentralized plants can substantially reduce

transportation costs and associated hazards.

• 1 MT biodegradable waste resource processing through

Nisargruna generates

• employment for 1 person

• 15-30 Kg fuel (Methane gas)

• 50-90 Kg manure

1 MT biodegradable waste resource will generate

30 Kg Methane

This is equivalent to 630 Kg CO2 for carbon

emission purpose

Every tonne of biodegradable waste produced

reduces 1 MT of CO2 considering methane

generated and fuel saved for transportation.

This is equivalent to 1 CER (Certified emission reduction)

Average installation cost for

1. 1-5 MT/day plants would be Rs. 17-20

Lakhs per tonne ($28000 to 32000)

2. 10 to 25 MT/day plants would be Rs. 15

Lakhs/MT

Average O&M cost per annum for

1. 1-5 MT/day plants would be Rs. 1.2 Lakhs

per tonne

2. 10 to 25 MT/day plants would be Rs. 0.8

Lakhs/MT

Capacity

MT

Space

M2

Quantity processed

in 30 years (MT)

1 60 9900

2 100 19800

5 400 49500

10 1000 99000

25 2000 247500

50 4000 495000

Space economy in Nisargruna plants

Average life of a Nisargruna plant will be 30 years

• Paying back Nature’s loan

• Improving the environment

• Maintaining the resource recycling in equilibrium

• Improving the health aspects of city and country • Reducing carbon emissions through

• Vehicular transportation check

• Using biogas to replace fossil fuels

• Stopping the emission of methane at dumps

• Using manure replacing urea

NISARGRUNA PLANT: RAW MATERIALS

Type of material No. of plants Locations

Kitchen discards > 100 Most of the existing plants

Vegetable market > 30 Some plants receive mix materials

Abattoir discards 4 Deonar, Solapur, Kalyan

Bone protein factory discards

3 Chandrapur

Cattle dung 10 Nasik, Chiplun, Pali, Anjangaon, Vasai, Tara

Compost pits

•Suitable for organic waste •Output – compost Provide suitable solutions -Brick constuction (Available in various capacities)

Brick Construction

SIZES 100 families 3 pits of size 5’x3’x2’

Output - Compost

Maintenance

Biogas Plants

Output- Biogas and Manure

100 Kg Biogas Plant at TISS

TCS, THANE

• 1MT/day Food resource from TCS canteen

• Area 40 m2

• Biogas for Kitchen

• June 2009

New waste resource processing room Generator

Solar heater

Gas dome

Balloon room

Sustainable Solid Waste Management Solutions for Mumbai

Saurabh Shah

15 Jan 2014

Situation in Mumbai

Population of Mumbai 1,50,00,000

Number of Wards 151

Average Population of each ward 1 Lac

Per Capita Waste Generation per day 0.5 kg

Percentage Organic Waste 50%

Total Organic Waste per day per Ward 12,500 kg

Total Inorganic Waste per day per Ward 12,500 kg

Solution for Mumbai

• Each ward to have its own de-centralized waste management center (DWMC)

• Each DWMC to be housed in a facility of about 2000 square meters • DWMC to have 3 sections

– Waste Receiving and Segregation Section (200 sq m) – Organic Waste Treatment Section (1000 sq m) – Dry Waste Recycling Section (800 sq m)

• The DWMC can be co-located with Public Toilets urinals as a multi utility complex

• DWMC to employ rag pickers to be trained for Capacity Building by local NGO’s

• In case of unavailability of a single piece of land, the DWMC can be further split into 3-4 DWMC’s each of 500 sq m

Solution for Mumbai

• Excel’s de-centralized Organic Waste Converter (OWC) technology can be utilized to convert the organic waste into rich compost

• Garden waste can be converted into fuel pellets or briquettes using a briquetting technology

• Dry Waste Recycling can be carried out by NGO’s working closely with ragpickers, kabadiwalas and recylcers

Thank you

44