Report SWM

7/31/2019 Report SWM

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PRO C EED IN G S O F THEA LL IN D IA TRA IN IN G PRO G RA M O N

M UN IC IPA L SO LID W A STE M A N A G EM EN T


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Executive Summary: Prof. R. C. Sinha, Chief Executive, CENC, Deptt. Of Zoology,

Patna University, Patna.

Inaugural Lecture: Honble Justice R. Prasad, Member, Human Rights

Commission, Bihar

Synopsis of the function from Day 1 to Day 3

Lecture 1: by Shri Sanjiv Kumar,

General Manager, Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited.

Lecture 2: by

Shri Sanjiv Kumar, General Manager, Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited.

Lecture 3: by Dr. Ajay

Krishna, Asst. Professor, Deptt. of Community Medicine, Patna Medical

College, Patna.

Lecture 4: by Shri S. N. Rao,

Ex. Member Secretary, Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna.

Lecture 5: by Prof. S. I. Ahson, Pro-Vice-

Chancellor, Patna University, Patna.

Lecture 6: by

Shri S. N. RAO, Ex. Member Secretary, Bihar State Pollution Control

Board, Patna.


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Lecture 7: by Prof. Om Prakash, Asst. Professor, Deptt. of

Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna.

Lecture 8: by Dr. Santosh Kumar,

Visiting Professor, Deptt. of Civil Engineering, National Institute of

Technology, Patna.

Lecture 9:

by Dr. Navin Kumar, Bihar State Pollution Control Board,

Patna

Popular Lecture: by Prof. Rajmani Pd. Sinha, University Professor &

Head, Deptt. of Physics, P.U., Patna.

Annexure I: List of Participants

Annexure II: Copy of the Certificate of participation

Annexure III: Group Photograph of all the participants


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Executive Summary

During the calendar year 2008 2009, German Technical Co-operation (GTZ) has

offered four All India Training Program to Centre for Environment & Nature Conservation (Nodal

Training Institute), Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna on the following topics: (i)Municipal Solid Waste Management from 12 th 14 th Sept09, (ii) Bio-medical Waste

Management to be held from 10 th 12 th Oct09, (iii) Hazardous Waste Management from 21 st

23 rd Nov09 and (iv) Environmental Impact Assessment to be held from 19 th 21 st Dec09.

The first Training Program Municipal Solid Waste Management was conducted from 12 th

14 th September09 wherein delegates from Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Punjab, Jammu &Kashmir,

Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Boards, Officials from Industries, Officials from

Danapur Cantonment, NGOs, Research Students engaged in the field of Environment attended

the 3-Day training program.Municipal Solid Waste Management issues are presently at the forefront of public

attention. The continuous population increase all over the country, urbanization and economic

growth currently being experienced has resulted in the exponential rise of solid wastes. The role

of municipalities in the development of cities and towns is very crucial and important in todays

context when urbanization is moving at a very rapid pace. The municipal bodies in spite of their

best efforts are unable to perform better in terms of financial management and efficient delivery

of urban services.

A rising quality of life and high rates of resource consumption patterns have had anunintended and negative impact on the urban environment and generation of wastes far beyond

the handling capacities of urban departments and agencies, municipal bodies. Cities are now

seized with the problems of high volume of wastes, the cost involved, the disposal technologies

and methodologies and the impact of wastes on the local and global environment.

But these problems have also provided a window of opportunities for cities to final

solutions involving the communities and the private sectors involving innovative technologies

and disposal methods and involving behaviour changes and awareness raising. Awareness

raising can be done through training program. Training is one of the most important tools todevelop human resources and facilitate the transition to a more sustainable world. It should aim

at filling the gaps in knowledge and skill that could help individuals find employment and be

involved in environmental and developmental work. At the same time, training program should

promote a greater awareness of environmental and developmental issues as a two-way learning

process. Training program strengthen national capacities particularly in scientific education and

training to enable government, employees and workers to meet their environmental and

developmental objectives to facilitate the transfer and assimilation of a new environmentally


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sound, socially acceptable new technology and know-how. These issues had been amply

demonstrated in this training program on MSWM.

During the 3-Day training program there was a general consensus that there was a need

of complete rethinking of Waste to Wealth Concept.

There was a clear need for current approach of waste disposal that focused onmunicipalities to move towards waste processing and waste recycling that involved private-

public partnerships aiming for eventual waste minimization. Some of the defining criteria for

future waste minimization program should include more community participation, understand

economic benefits / recovery of waste focusing on life cycles rather than the end of the pipe

treatment.

A number of lectures were delivered by different experts on different aspects of

Municipal Solid Waste Management which have been compiled in this Proceeding.

During the discussion / interactive session it was felt that Municipal Solid Wastes(Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 needed amendment especially regarding action against

defaulting Government Officials who failed to comply the said Rules. MSWM Rules 2000

needed more teeth to prosecute the defaulting Govt. Officials for not complying the said Rules.

Presently, there was a tedious process for suing the Govt. Officials and as such, not much have

been achieved till date despite the fact that Rule came into force in the year 2000. Many states

in India have not yet constructed the well designed disposal land-fill site resulting in the dumping

of MSW in low-lying area having an adverse affect on the environment.

The other thing which emerged from the training program that there should be a regulartraining program of this type so that the people are made aware of their rights & responsibilities.


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BRIEF OF INAUGURAL FUNCTION OF ALL INDIA TRAINING PROGRAM ON

All India Training Program on

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM)had been organized by the Centre forEnvironment & Nature Conservation (CENC)with the support of German Technical Co-operation (GTZ) from 10 th to 12 th September, 2009 which was attended bydelegates from across the country.

The Training Program wasinaugurated by Honble Justice R. Prasad,Member, Human Rights Commission, Bihar.While inaugurating the event, HonbleJustice Prasad appreciated topic of the

training program as very appropriate and need of the time which needed to be tackledimmediately. He elaborated the provisions of the Constitution and its variousamendments relating to the protection of environment as well as obligations and dutiesof the citizens in this regard. He elaborated at length the provisions of the MSWM Rules,2000.

During his address, he also said that the Honble Supreme Courts direction forimparting compulsory environment education from school to university level so that thechildren were made aware from the very childhood.


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Justice Prasad said further that Judiciary had been taking steps to give directionsto the appropriate authorities for maintaining a good environment and the Governmentneeded to play a more pro-active role.

He opined that only making rules by Government were not enough. The MSWMRules needed to be implemented to realize the benefits for society. He lauded theefforts of the Centre for conducting such training program with the support of GTZ andwished the training program a grand success.

Prof. M. Mohiuddin, Former Vice-Chancellor, Patna University presided overthe function. He thanked Justice Prasad forgiving a detailed account of the role of Judiciary in the field of environment andfrom time to time giving directions to theappropriate authorities to comply the

provisions of MSWM Rules. He also spokeof the ancient city of Patliputra once thecapital of India and Bihar from where Puristthoughts emanated and spread to largeparts of the world. He lamented that nowPatna is now one of dirtiest city of Indiawhere there was no storage of wastes at source as well as there was no segregationinto bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable wastes. He further said that the PatnaMunicipal Corporation was responsible for the Municipal Solid Waste Management asper MSWM Rules but their performance was disappointing. He hoped that such trainingprogram would definitely make the people aware and situation would improve. Heappreciated the efforts of the Centre for conducting such training program.

Prof. Kashi Nath, Principal ScienceCollege, also addressed the gathering andsaid that he was delighted to have suchtraining program being conducted inScience College Campus where delegates

from across the country were attending. Hethanked GTZ for supporting the trainingprogram and lauded the efforts of CENC,P.U. for conducting such training program.


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Earlier Prof. R. C. Sinha, Chief

Executive, CENC, P.U. welcomed the guestsand dignitaries on the dais and thedelegates attending the training program.

While delivering the welcomeaddress, Prof. Sinha gave a brief account of various activities and contributions of theCentre.

He gave a comprehensive account of the courses to be covered during 3-Daytraining program and emphasized the needof proper Municipal Solid WasteManagement. There was an urgent need of

proper disposal site at Patna for proper management of MSW. He was sorry to notethat despite several reminders to the Commissioner, Patna Municipal Corporation todepute some officers to attend the training program, they did not attend and were

conspicuous by their absence.

The Inaugural session concludedwith the vote of thanks proposed by Prof. S.K. Srivastava, Head of the Deptt. of Zoology, Patna University. He thankedGerman Technical Co-operation (GTZ) forsupporting the training program and hopedthat such type of training program wouldbe supported in future as well. He alsothanked the delegates and the mediapresent in the hall.


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DAY 1[ 12 t h September, 2009][ Technical Session I ]

I n Chair : Prof. S. N. Sinh a, For m er V.C., Bih ar Univer sit y & Prof. R.C. Sin ha, Chief Execu t ive, CENC

[ Lectur e I ]Sri Sanj iv Kumar , Ramk y I ndust ries, Delhi

Topic: MSW & Spati al Planning

He spoke on the gravity of thesituation with respect to Solid WasteManagement and problems faced by urbanlocal bodies. He said that there wereconflicts all around the SWM which werebetween the public and urban local bodiesor between the city and the surroundingvillages (ULB vs Panchayat) for land andtransport of garbage. There was also aconflict in the understanding of public-

private partnership (PPP), commercialviability and the market as well as conflictin the relevant regulatory instruments.

The strategy which could be considered was the land-use plan with provision forwaste management (Solid and liquid waste of municipal, bio-medical and industrialorigin) on a long term basis with projection of growth of population and migration. Theuse of land not suitable for other purposes should be selected as disposal site. Apartfrom saving land there should be a resource recovery and recycling. He also spoke onthe MSWM Rules, 2000 which should be adopted by all States and remediation andrehabilitation of old dump sits.


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[ Technical Session I I ]

I n Chair : Sri S. N. Rao, For mer MS, BSPCB, Pat na & Dr. B. Krishna, Form er Scient ist ,BSI , Kolkata

[ Lecture I ] Sri Sanj iv Kumar , Ramk y I ndust ries, Delhi

Topic: EI A: approach & m eth odology for d isposal opti ons

He started with the different types of

wastes and the common hazardous wastemanagement practices including the bio-medical waste management practices andimpacts of indiscriminate disposal on healthand environment.

Thereafter, he emphasized on the needand importance of EIA. He dealt in detailabout the criteria of site selection and themethodology of site selection. Hepresented a check list for impact analysisand the various components to be coveredunder EIA so as to arrive at a realisticconclusion. EIA is to ensure the following:- Long term environment soundness - Safeguard sensitive resources like ground water and soil,- Health aspects,- Social acceptance.

In his concluding remarks, the speaker discussed the aspects of spatial planning incities and presented 3-major projects being carried out by Ramky Industries.

Chairpersons thanked the speaker for giving nice and elaborate presentation onconducting EIA on sanitary landfills.


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[ Lecture I I ]Dr. A. Krishna, Assist ant Prof essor, Com m uni t y Medicin e, PMCH, Patna .

Topic I mpact of MSW on Environm ent and Healt h

Dr. A Krishna gave a very lucidpresentation on the impact of unscientificmethod of disposal of MSW whichadversely affected the quality of groundwater and environment as subsequentlyhealth of the people. He also spoke ondifferent disposal methods of solid wastes:(a) Dumping not a scientific method

reported by WHO in 1967.(b) Controlled Tippingvery satisfactory

method.(c) Incineration.(d) Composting

(e) Manure pits (Usually practiced in rural areas) (f) Burial.

He discussed the importance of public health and indicated that the contaminationduring handling of MSW during disposal stage led to various types of diseases likediarrhoea and dysentery, cholera, parasitic diseases etc. He cautioned people of properand thorough cleaning of hands and fingers before taking food. He also displayed thepictures of ghats along the river Ganges in Patna and how the city looked clean duringChhath festival.Chairpersons thanked the speaker for giving an excellent presentation.

DAY 2[ Technical Session I I I ]

I n Chair : Prof . S. N. Sinh a, For mer V.C., Bihar Univer sit y & Prof. R.C. Sinh a, Chief Execut ive, CENC


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[ Lectur e I ]Sri S.N. Rao, Former Member Secretary, BSPCB, Patna.

Topic MSW collection, St orage, Segregati on and t reatm ent .

Shri S.N. Rao said that about 42 milliontons of MSW was generated per annum inIndia by Urban Local Bodies and about 10%increase every year in municipal solid wastegeneration. In Bihar, there were 5 NagarNigams, 80 Nagar Panchayats and 32 NagarParishads. Proper municipal solid wastemanagement in these local bodies wasminimal or non-existent. He further said thatwastes could be broadly divided intobiodegradable (organic) and non-biodegradable (Inorganic). He emphasizedon the need of segregation at source so that

their collection and disposal could be easier. The equipment required for collection andtransportation included small dustbins at household level, mid-level dust bins forcollection from individual household to collection Centres properly designed containersfor easy handling and unloading of wastes into transport vehicles properly designedvehicles for easy unloading and handling at processing Centres. He further spoke ontreatment and preventive options i.e. Reduce Reuse Recover Recycle. He stronglyadvocated the option for composting.

[ Lecture I I ]Prof . S.I . Ahson, Pro- Vice-Chancell or, Pat na Univ ersit y.

Topic Disposal of e-waste Prof. Ahson presented a focused lecture

on Xerographic toner: A cradleto- grave phenomenon in the xerographic process.Toner has a significant impact on theenvironment and on different cultures andcommunities around the world. Toner isessentially very small particle of plastic andpigment that is able to maintain aparticular polar electric/ magnetic charge.The toner particle weighs 1 nanogram and

the size is about 100 microns. He furthersaid that the toner production relied on oil.Oil exploration and drilling take a very

heavy toll on the environment because drilling operation often created oil spills whichdamage the ecosystems surrounding the operation as well as the downstream. Hefurther spoke on the transformation of oil into a finished toner product (1) Carbon black and (2) Plastic polymer . Carbon black is used as a black pigment as printing ink -which is created from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. During the ventingprocess sulfates are released and organic particles which causes respiratory problemand also cancer of the lung and urinary bladder. The e-wastes are disposed off into thewaste stream: (1) land fill and (2) recycling


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[ Technical Session I V]

I n Chair : Dr. B. Kri shna, Form er Scient ist , BSI , Kolkat a & Er. H.C.P. Sinh a, Form er Director , PDI L, Sindr i

[ Lectur e I ]Dr. Om Prakash, Asstt . Professor, Deptt .of Mech, Engineerin g, NI T, Pat na.

Topic Energy Recovery.

Dr. Om Prakash said that thebiogas was an important renewableenergy resource for rural area in Indiawhich was produced by anaerobicdigestion of biological wastes and waseco-friendly, clean, cheap and versatilefuel. The biogas comprised of 55-65%methane, 35-45% carbon dioxide, 0.5 1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces of water vapor. The calorific value of biogas

was 20 MJ/m3

(4713 Kcal/m3

). He spokeat length about the factors affectingoptimum biogas production and differenttypes of biogas digesters. He concludedby stating that in the present energy and environment situation biogas was an excellentalternative to conventional fuels which could be commercially utilized for variousapplications.


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[ Lecture I I ]

Sri S.N. Rao, Former Member Secretary, BSPCB, Patna.Topic MSW ( Management & Handling) Rules 2000.

The speaker, Sri S. N. Rao with his vastexperience in the field of Environmentspoke on the constraints of pollutioncontrol boards in the implementation of MSWM rules. He suggested that for thecompliance of MSWM Rules followingshould be done;

(i) All communities public, students and all citizens to be involved in the management along with the regulatory bodies.

(ii) Filing court cases against defaulters was no solution to pollution abatement because no further action was possible

when the matter became subjudice.(iii) Consultation and persuasion process should be preferred over control & command

process.He further said that with economic growth rising for 6% to 8%, the responsibility of

the state Pollution Control Boards was increasing and this problem was furthercompounded due to Right to Information Act (RTI) in vogue now.

With the above background, he explained MSW (M & H) Rules 2000 in chronologicalmanner through audio-visual presentation. Further, he cited the example of SuryapetMunicipality in the State of Andhra Pradesh where the MSW Rules were being complied.His presentation evolved many questions from the delegates. The Chairpersons thankedthe special for giving a nice presentation.

DAY 3[ Technical Session V]

I n Chair : Prof . R.C. Sin ha, Chi ef Executi ve, CENC & Dr . B. Krishn a, Form er Scient ist ,

BSI , Kolkata


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[ Lectur e I ]

Prof . S. Kumar, Visit ing Prof essor, NI T, Patn a.Topic: Waste Categori zat ion and Quant ifi cation

Prof. Kumar emphasized on two points(i) Waste Categorization &(2)Quantification. He defined waste asresource material kept in a wrong place.Therefore, one needed to establish itsplace of utilization by using the propermeans. He further said that there wasmore generation of wastes by richer andaffluent community and less by poorcommunity.

Regarding the Quantification of Wastes he emphasized on need of the

standard method formulated by CPCB,Delhi being the nodal agency for framing rules and regulations. Presently there was alot of variation in the data pertaining to waste quantification / generation per capita perday for every city / or town. The variations in the data of generation became animpediment in correct formulation of waste disposal. Thus, there was an urgent need of standardized method of quantification. His lecture was very impressive and interesting.

The session came to close with big applaud from the delegates and he was thankedby the Chairpersons for his excellent lecture.

[ Lecture I I ]

Dr. Naveen Kumar, Bihar Stat e Pollut ion Cont rol Board, Pat na.Topic: Muni cipal Solid Waste Management : Role of NGOs, Rag pickers &

publi c sect ors.

Dr. N. Kumar initially spoke on theWorlds changing scenario of MSWM andspelt out in detail the garbage menace andalso about the effects of MSW on theadverse effect on the environment. Thefurther spoke on MSWM Rule 2000 and the

responsibility of the Municipal Authority,SPCBs the State Government and theCentral Government. He dealt in detailabout the participation of the public,private sectors and the community and alsorole of informal sector. He emphasized onthe need of concept Waste to Wealth.


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The summary of t he recomm endat ion by each gr oup is as follows:

GROUP I

Landfill site should be for at least 25 years. Landfill site should be:(1) Away from water source (2) Away from habitation (3) Away from sensitive zones i.e., religious site, i.e. temple, mosque, church or lake.The land fill site should be a dry land and the distance should be such that the

transport cost was low. Last but not the least, the landfill site should be close to Zero-sensitivity Index.They also spoke on the constraints in carrying out EIA because of the following:

(i) Inadequate baseline data(ii) Insufficient expertise in most aspects of the system(iii) Effective public participation.(iv) Poor EMP compliance and ineffective enforcement.

GROUP I I

The leader of group II spoke on the genesis of MSWM Rules 2000 and itsapplicability and responsibility of different sectors in the implementation of the aboverule. Although there were provisions for penalty for contravention of the provisions of the MSWM Rule and also offences by Government Departments, these provisions shouldbe made simpler so that the officers who fail to comply could be punished immediately.It has been the experience of the Pollution Control Board officers that most of the timethe Govt. Officials failed to perform their functions but even then no action was beingtaken against the defaulting officer.

GROUP I I I

The leader of Group III spoke on the role of mass awareness on MSWM.The earth provides enough for every mans need, but not enough for every mans greed Mahatma Gandhi. It was high time to understand this saying and realize theimportance of solid wastes management. For an effective solid wastes managementprogramme 3Ms Man, Mass and Medi a plays a pivotal role.

She proposed a model for bringing about mass awareness awakening of ignorant minds, the sleeping souls and the reluctant hearts. Display of posters, banners, hoardings from pillar to post signifying the importance of SWM,

hazards due to the accumulation of solid wastes, etc. Nukad Nataks by the students of schools and colleges. Revision of the school and college curriculum and the incorporation of field work/ practical

training Programme to students, youth the grass root of the society. Organizing workshops, seminars, lectures. Promoting Documentary films, advertisements through electronic and print media. Demonstrating effective management practices (appropriate waste collection, segregation,

disposal, treatment and resource recovery processes) at public places by learned and trained men of NGOs, pollution control board or other organizations.

This mass awareness the widespread wakening of minds can effectively cutdown the generation of solid wastes can effectively manage solid wastes throughappropriate collection, segregation, disposal and treatment procedures, even turn


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wastes into wealth through efficient recycle, recharge and reuse practices, can alsocreate job opportunities such as incineration 10,000 tons of wastes creates 1 job, landfilling creates 6 jobs, recycling creates 36 jobs. Besides these an effective SWM throughmass awareness would surely make the planet EARTH a conducive place to live in forthe present and also for the generations to come.

VALEDI CTORY FUNCTI ON(Date: 14 t h September, 2009)

The Valedictory function of the 3-Day All India Training Program on MunicipalSolid Waste Management was held on 14 th of September, 2009 at 3:00 pm in the

Auditorium of Geology Department, Patna University, Patna.

Prof. (Dr.) S.I. Ahson, Pro Vice-Chancellor, Patna University was the Chief Guest of the Valedictory Function. In hisaddress, he emphasized on the need of such training program because awareness

was essential for the solid wastemanagement. Most of the people were notaware of MSWM Rule, 2000 and as such itwas expected that trainees when theyreturned to their respective places wouldmake the people aware of the MunicipalSolid Waste Management so as to keep theenvironment clean. He expressed his happiness over the participation of the youngstudents of the University and hoped that they would make the Campus clean andgreen. He added that such type of activities in the University campus would definitelybring good name and fame of Patna University.


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Prof.(Dr.) R. K. Mahto, Former Vice-Chancellor, Magadh University praised theCentre for Environment & NatureConservation for organizing such type of AllIndia Training Program. He however,lamented on the present state of affairs inBihar regarding the MSWM. He suggestedthat Patna Municipal Corporation shouldeffectively implement the MSWM Rule,2000.

Earlier, Prof. R. C. Sinha, ChiefExecutive, CENC, Patna Universitywelcomed the Chief Guest Prof.(Dr.)S.I. Ahson, Pro Vice-Chancellor, P.U.and the President, Prof.(Dr.) R. K.Mahto, Former Vice-Chancellor, M.U.He spoke about the mission of suchtraining program being organized byCENC. He further added that there wasupgrading of human resourcescapabilities to enable them to meet theenvironmental & developmentalactivities by such training program. Hethanked GTZ for supporting the training program.

Prof.(Dr.) Kashi Nath, PrincipalScience College proposed the Vote ofThanks and he especially thankedGerman Technical Co-operation (GTZ)for supporting the training program. Healso thanked the participants for comingfrom all parts of India and hoped thatthe 3-Day training program must havebeen fruitful and enjoyable. Heconcluded by praising the efforts ofCENC, P.U. for organizing such trainingprogram in Science College Campus

and wished for more such training program

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