Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PC Fundamentals

Presentation 29 Presentation 29 –– The ROM/BIOS The ROM/BIOS

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ObjectivesObjectives

At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

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Check the BIOS firmware level.Describe when a BIOS firmware upgrade

should be performed.Update the BIOS.Explain how to recover from a failed flash

BIOS attempt.

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The ROM/BIOS

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Setup vs. BIOS vs. CMOS Setup vs. BIOS vs. CMOS

Setup is a program that controls

settings in the BIOS, which are

stored on a device manufactured

with CMOS technology.

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Setup lets you control Setup lets you control

how your computer is how your computer is

configured.configured.

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When you get a new When you get a new

computer, it is a good idea to computer, it is a good idea to

write down the configuration write down the configuration

information.information.

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The BIOS settings The BIOS settings

determine the determine the

configuration of your configuration of your

system.system.

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This information is saved This information is saved

in a special memory in a special memory

called CMOS.called CMOS.

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CMOS has its own battery so that CMOS has its own battery so that

the configuration information will the configuration information will

not be lost when the computer is not be lost when the computer is

turned off or during a power turned off or during a power

failure.failure.

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BIOS SuppliersBIOS Suppliers

Award

American Megatrends (AMI)

Phoenix

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ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A69KS2C)CMOS SETUP UTILITYAWARD SOFTWARE, INC.

STANDARD CMOS SETUP

BIOS FEATURES SETUP

CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP

POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP

PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION

LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS

LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS

INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS

SUPERVISOR PASSWORD

USER PASSWORD

IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION

SAVE & EXIT SETUP

EXIT WITHOUT SAVING

ESC : QUIT : Select ItemF10 : SAVE & EXIT SETUP (Shift)F2:Change Color

Time, Date, Hard Disk Type ...

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STANDARD CMOS SETUP

Date (mm:dd:yy) : Wed, May 12 1999Time (hh:mm:ss) : 11:33: 24

HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDZ SECTOR MODE

Pri Master: Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTOPri Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----Sec Master: None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----Sec Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----

Drive A: 1.44M, 3.5 in.Drive B: NoneFloppy 3 Mode Support: Disabled

Video : EGA/VGAHalt On : All Errors

ESC:Quit : Select Item PU/PD/+/-: ModifyF1 :Help (Shift)F2 : Change Color

Base Memory : 640K Ext Memory : 31744K Other Memory: 384K

Total Memory 32768K

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AmericanMegatrends

AMIBIOS Setup(C)1996, American Megatrends Inc.

Default

Original Optimal Turbo

Utility

Color Set Language

Security

Supervisor User

Anti-Virus

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Setup

17Standard

PCI/PnP

Advanced

PeripheralPower Mgmt

Chipset

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Main Advanced Security Power Boot ExitPhoenix SETUP Utility (Version 1.00) 01

F1 Help Select Item -/+ Change Values F9 Setup DefaultsEsc Exit Select Menu Enter Select Sub Menu F10 Save and Exit

Item Specific Help

BIOS Version 4S4EBOX1.10A.0028.P11 (All)Processor Type Pentium II ProcessorProcessor Speed 350 MHzCache RAM 512 KBService Tag J6XXX

System Memory 192 MBMemory Bank 0 32 MB SDRAMMemory Bank 1 32 MB SDRAMMemory Bank 2 128 MB SDRAM

Language: [English (US)]L2 Cache ECC Support: [Auto]

System Time: [16:54:53]System Date: [04/27/1999]

Enabling L2 Cache ECC Support allows error checking to occur on data accessed from the L2 cache.

When this option is disabled, error checking is not performed.

When set to Auto, the state of the L2 ECC cache will follow the state of the ECC DRAM.

Menu

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Award BIOSAward BIOS

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AMI BIOSAMI BIOS

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Award BIOS…Award BIOS…

…inside an Intel device.

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BatteriesBatteries

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BatteriesBatteries

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When Do You Update BIOS?When Do You Update BIOS?

Solve a problem or add capabilityAdding a new piece of hardware

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Where do you find the BIOS Where do you find the BIOS update?update?

Check the server manufacturer’s websiteCheck the motherboard manufacturer’s

websiteDownload from computer manufacturer or

motherboard vendor“Flash” to upgrade

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Flash BIOSFlash BIOSIn computers built after 1996, BIOS is in a

flash ROM.A flash ROM can be erased and rewritten

right in the system without removing the ROM.

BIOS upgrades are available from the computer or motherboard manufacturer’s website.

Upgrades can be downloaded and “flashed” into the ROM.

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Elements to be downloaded:Elements to be downloaded:

BIOS Update – Updates are periodically developed to correct known problems, enhance functionality, or to include new technology.

Upgrade Utility – A special program with which you can flash the new BIOS into ROM.

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1.1. Save your CMOS RAM Save your CMOS RAM Setup Configuration.Setup Configuration.

Enter Setup.Record the BIOS Version Number.Write down (or print out) the CMOS

settings.Make certain you save the information for

all screens.

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2.2. Create a bootable floppy Create a bootable floppy disk.disk.

Go to the DOS promptInsert diskette in floppy driveType:

FORMAT A: /S

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3.3. Extract the flash utility and Extract the flash utility and copy it to the diskette.copy it to the diskette.

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4.4. Boot from the floppyBoot from the floppy

It may be necessary to reset the boot sequence in Setup so that the system will boot from the floppy.

Then boot from the floppy disk.The flash utility should automatically run.

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5.5. Save a copy of the current Save a copy of the current BIOSBIOS

Most flash utilities will give you this option.You will need the current BIOS if for some

reason the new one causes some unforeseen problem.

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6.6. Update the Flash ROMUpdate the Flash ROM

Select the command.Select the BIOS image.Note the warning.Execute the command.The operation may take several minutes.Allow the operation to finish.

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7.7. When done, remove the When done, remove the floppy disk, reboot, and go floppy disk, reboot, and go into into Setup.Setup.

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8.8. In Setup:In Setup:

Check the new BIOS Version Number to insure that the update has been successful.

Load the default values for CMOS.Re-enter unique settings from the CMOS

list you recorded earlier.Save the settings.

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9.9. Exit Setup and Reboot the Exit Setup and Reboot the system.system.

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Flash BIOS RecoveryFlash BIOS Recovery

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Option 1: Physically replace the Option 1: Physically replace the ROMROM

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Option 2. The BIOS Recovery Option 2. The BIOS Recovery ProcedureProcedure

The flash ROM has a small un-erasable section that holds an emergency BIOS recovery routine.

Recovery/Normal Jumper.

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The BIOS Recovery ProcedureThe BIOS Recovery Procedure

Move the jumper to the Recovery Mode.Insert the bootable disk you created earlier

into drive A and boot the system.The routine should run automatically and

get you back to a point where you can at least boot the system.

Move the jumper back to the Normal mode.

Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PC Fundamentals

EndEnd