Made by Diana Yerzhina, LB1-11-40

Simple(fact)

Perfect Progressive

(result of process)

Progressive(process)

Perfect(result)

Time expressions

We use it for:

Usually, often, always, every day/week/month/year/etc, in the morning/afternoon/evening, sometimes, rarely, at night, at the weekend, on Fridays, etc.

• facts and permanent states;• general truths and laws of nature;• habits and routines;• timetables and programs (in the future);• sporting commentaries, reviews and narrations;• feelings and emotions.

Affirmative sentence

Negative sentence Question Special question

V1/ V1-s don’t/doesn’t V1 Do/Does V1? Wh… do/does V1?* Who V1-s?

Present Simple Tense(do+V1)

• facts and permanent statesMark works for an advertising company.• general truths and laws of natureOil floats on water.• habits and routinesHe usually goes jogging in the mornings.• timetables and programs (in the future)The plane to Madrid takes off at 6:30 pm.• sporting commentaries, reviews and narrationsBeckham wins the ball, then he crosses and Owen scores.• feelings and emotionsI love Paris, because it is a beautiful city.

Time expressions

We use it for:

Now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, still, today, tonight, etc.

• actions taking place at or around the moment of speaking;• temporary situations;• fixed arrangements in the near future;• currently changing and developing situations;• expressing of anger or irritation at a repeated action (with adverbs such as always).

Affirmative sentence

Negative sentence Question Special question

am

is V4are

am not

isn’t V4aren’t

Am

Is V4?Are

am

Wh… is V4?are

* Who is V4?

Present Progressive Tense(be+V4)

• actions taking place at or around the moment of speakingThe kids are playing video games in the living room.• temporary situationsThey are painting the house.• fixed arrangements in the near futureI am going to a party tonight.• currently changing and developing situationsThe rivers are becoming more and more polluted.• expressing of anger or irritation at a repeated action (with adverbs such as always)She is always biting her nails when someone talks to her.

Time expressions

We use it for:

For, since, just, already, yet, lately, recently, so far, ever, etc.

• actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time is not mentioned, because the action is more important;• actions which started in the past and are still continuing in the present;• actions which have recently finished and their results are visible in the present;• talking about an experience.

Affirmative sentence

Negative sentence Question Special question

have/has V3 haven’t/hasn’t V3 Have/Has V3? Wh…have/has V3?* Who has V3?

Present Perfect Tense(have+V3)

• actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time is not mentioned, because the action is more important.Tom has broken his arm.• actions which started in the past and are still continuing in the presentKim has been a chef since 1985.• actions which have recently finished and their results are visible in the presentI have painted the kitchen. Doesn’t it look nice?• talking about an experienceThey have travelled through Europe.

Time expressions

We use it for:

For, since, all morning/ afternoon/ week/ day, etc.

• an action which started in the past and continues up to the present;•an action which has recently finished and its result is evident now;• expressing irritation.

Affirmative sentence

Negative sentence

Question

have/ has been V4 haven’t/hasn’t been V4 Have/Has been V4?

Present Perfect Progressive Tense(have+been+V4)

• an action which started in the past and continues up to the presentShe has been typing letters for three hours.• an action which has recently finished and its result is evident nowThey are tired. They have been working for nine hours.• expressing irritationWhere were you? I have been waiting for you for two hours!

Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley «Enterprise. Grammar 2. Student’s book».

Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley «Upstream. Pre-intermediate B1. Student’s book».