List of Important Topicsfor Medical PG

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PRE CLINICAL SUBJECTS

CLINICAL SUBJECTS

Dr. Gobind Rai GargPharmacology PSM

Dr. Vivek JainAnatomy

Dr. Rajesh KaushalPathology

Dr. Sparsh Gupta

Dr. Vivek NalgirkarPhysiology

Dr. J MagendranForensic Medicine

Dr. Sonu PanwarMicrobiology

Dr. Smily PruthiBiochemistry

Dr. Deepak MarwahMedicine

Dr. Pritesh SinghSurgery

Dr. Apurv MehraOrthopedics

Dr. Prassan VijGynaecology & Obatetrics

Dr. Meenakshi Bothra Dr. Sashwat Ray Dr. Sarvejeet SinghPediatric Ophthamology ENT

Dr. Khaleel Ahmed Dr. Swati SinghDr. Manish SoniDermatology Psychiatry Radiology Anaesthesia

Dr. Praveen Tripathi

AnatomyMUST DOs:• Cranial Nerves And Nuclei, esp. Optic nerve pathway‐ Most important for NIMHANS• Brachial Plexus: Branches and Palsies• Root Values And Dermatomes Of UL & LL• Arteries and branches: Subclavian artery, Axillary artery, Internal iliac• Nerve Supply Of ‐ Perineum, Ear, Eye• Relations of Lesser Sac, Parotid gland• Peritoneal anatomy

Embryology:• Derivatives Of Di�erent Germ Layers, particularly Neural Crest• Branchial Arch, CleG Derivatives• Spermato/Oogenesis, Mitosis, Meiosis

Osteology:• Types Of Joints With Examples• Ossification Centers, particularly ones present at birth• Knee Joint‐ Ligaments; learn with orthopedics (injuries)

Neuroanatomy:• Cavernous Sinus‐ Bounadries/Structures Passing Through It, Tributaries• Blood Supply• Brainstem Sections• Ventricle Boundaries

Perineum:• Urethra (Study with Urethral trauma)• Rectum‐Anal Canal anatomy• Spermatic Cord contents• Reproductive System derivatives (with embryology)

Histology:• List Of Epithelium Lining Of Various Regions

Thorax:• Heart Arterial anatomy• Diaphragm with embryology• Bronchovascular Segments of lung• Lung hilum

BiochemistryMost important: Cycles• Cranial Nerves And Nuclei, esp. Optic nerve pathway‐ Most important for NIMHANS• Brachial Plexus: Branches and Palsies• Root Values And Dermatomes Of UL & LL• Arteries and branches: Subclavian artery, Axillary artery, Internal iliac• Nerve Supply Of ‐ Perineum, Ear, Eye• Relations of Lesser Sac, Parotid gland• Peritoneal anatomy

Metabolism:• Glycolysis• Gluconeogenesis• Krebs cycle• Glycogen Synthesis• Glycogenolysis• Fatty acid synthesis and Oxidation• Cholesterol Metabolism• Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism

Genetics: To be done with Pathology and genetic disorders of Pediatrics• Karyotyping• PCR and types, esp. RT‐PCR• FISH• Microarray, CGH• Epigenetics• Flow cytometry

Vitamins and essential fatty acids: Function, Deficiency

Porphyria with Heme Synthesis: Very important for AIIMS

Protein Structure, Collagen Structure

DNA replication, transcription, translation

Enzymes: Classification With Kinetics, Isozymes

PhysiologyNerve Muscle Physiology (Most Important): Muscle Spindle, Golgi tendon organs, Nerve Fibre Classification, Skeletal Muscle Contraction cycle, Na K Pump , Action Potential

CNS: Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum With Its Connections, Brain Brodmann areas and their Functions, Kluver‐ bucy Syndrome, Role Of Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Spinal cord: Ascending, Descending Fibers With Functions

Sleep physiology: EEG: Normal Sleep, Disease Patterns, Sleep Stages

ANS: Receptors

Cardiovascular: Graphs and numericals*, Poiselle's Equation Numerical, Volume Of Distribution Numerical Pressure‐volume Curve, Cardiac Cycle, Reflexes‐ Bainbridge, Baroreceptor, Herring Breur, Bezold Jarish, Cushing, Vasomotor Centre, ExercisePhysiology, Stewart‐Hamilton Law, Bernauli's Law

Respiratory Physiology: : J Reflex, Regulation Of Respiration‐ Apneustic/Pre Botz Complex, Central/Peripheral Chemoreceptors, V/Q Ratio, Oxygen Dissociation Curve

General physiology: Plasma Membrane , Lipid RaG

GIT: Hormones and MOA

Renal: GFR Calcualtion, Clearance, Counter‐Current Mechanism, Renin Angiotensin System

Endocrine: Pancreatic Hormones, Pituitary, Hormones, Calcium homeostasis, Epinephrine, Insulin

MicrobiologyBacteriology:• Strep/Staph Classification• Staph Toxins• Legionella: Case scenario• Typhoid toxins• E.coli, Salmonella , Cholera, Pseudomonas : Lab tests, toxins• Clostridium: Toxins• Tuberculosis: Lab Ix most important• Rickettsia, Syphilis, Leprosy• Leptospira,Brucella: Case based Qs

Parasitology:• Malaria: Image‐based Qs, stages• Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Nematodes/Trematodes‐Transmission And Host• Toxoplasmosis• Cysticercosis‐Esp. NCC stages

Virology:• Classification of viruses• Influenza: ShiG vs DriG• Hepatitis: Types, Hep B serology tests most important• HIV: Opportunistic, AIDS‐deterministic infections, Mx• Herpes Group : Types and infections

Mycology:• Classification Of Fungi• Dermatophytes• Endemic Mycoses• Cryptococcus• Madura Mycosis: Case based, Radiology

Immunity (To be done with Pathology):• Immunoglobins• Immunodeficiency Disorders

PATHOLOGY Part‐1Neoplasia:• Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes‐Very important• Cell Cycle Regulation• Steps of neoplasia‐Robbins• Paraneoplastic syndromes• Tumor marker

Immunity:• Hypersensitivity reactions with examples• MHC• Amyloidosis• CD Markers• Vasculitis Autoantibodies

Inflammation:• Factors, Cytokines, Chemokines• Leukocyte adhesion disorders• Wound Healing• Platelet & Coagulation Factors with Cascade, Platelet Function Defects

Genetics:• Inheritance Patterns• Downs, Turners, Noonan, Klinefelter syndromes‐Manifestations• Anticipation• Trinucleotide repeat disorders, esp. Huntington, Fragile X• Genomic Imprinting• Isochromosomes

PATHOLOGY Part‐2Hematology (To be done with medicine):• RBC – Classification and di�erences, mutations, Megaloblastic Anemia, PNH,Thalassemia, Hemolytic Anaemia• WBC – Hodgkins' vs Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma, LCH, ALL, AML, CML,Myeloproliferative disorders ‐Prognostic factors, IHC markers, Mx

Tumor & Immunohistochemical Markers List:• Ca Lung , Mesothelioma, RCC, Ca Thyroid, Ca Breast, Brain Tumors

Cellular response to stress:• Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Apoptosis, Reversible/Irreversible Cell Injury Markers, Granulomas

Lab Basics:• Stains, Fixatives, Resolution & Priniciples Of Various Microscopes

Renal path:• Glomerulonephritis H/P most important

PharmacologyGeneral pharmacology:• Clinical Trials• Graph of Enzyme Inducers and Inhibitors• Potency vs E�cacy• Bioavailability• Numericals on Vd, t1/2

Systemic Pharmacology: Focused approach to each category based on MOA, side e�ects

ANS:• Beta Blockers: most important• Cholinergics, anticholinergics• Drugs Used In Glaucoma

Anti‐Microbials:• General: Penicillin, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides• Antipseudomonal agents• Anti‐malarials• Ant‐tubercular drugs, Anti‐leprosy drugs• ART• Antifungals

Anticancer Agents: Classification, Specific toxicities, Monoclonal antibodies

CVS: Anti‐Anginal, Anti‐Arrhythmic, Antihypertensives, Statins

Hematology: LMWH, Warfarin, Anti‐Platelets

Neuro: Anti‐Parkinsonian drugs , Anti‐Psychotics, Anti‐depressans, Lithium, Opiods, Anti‐Epileptics

Endocrine: Oral hypoglycemics, Steroids

GIT: PPIs most important

Respiratory: Asthma drugs

Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors ListDrugs CI In Pregnancy ListDrugs CI In Renal Failure List

ForensicIPCs:• most important; Multiple revisions needed

Rape + Sexual O�enses

Toxicology:• Cover with Psychi and medicine aspects• Intoxication symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, Smells, Common Names, Antidotes, Active Compound• Most important ‐ Alcohol, Cannabis, Cocaine, LSD, Arsenic, Organophosphates, Cyanide, Lead, Datura, Barbiturate, Mercury

Post Mortem Changes, Rigor Mortis

Injuries: Most important‐Ballistics

Identification: Age and sex determination: Ossification centres, Dental, finger-prints

Legal aspects of medicine: Negligence, basics of court proceedings

Bloodstain + Semen Tests

Autopsy Techniques

OphthalmologyRetina:• Diabetic retinopathy stages, images, Mx• Retinal detachment• ROP staging• Retinitis pigmentosa

Conjuctiva and cornea:• Trachoma‐Image, C/F, Elimination strategies• Conjunctivitis‐ Di�erence b/w etiologies• Corneal Ulcer – Fungal, Viral, Acanthamoeba

Neuro‐ophthalmology:• Optic pathway and its lesions• Eye Deviation In Cranial Nerve Palsies• Horner Syndrome• Optic neuritis• Papilledema

Procedures and surgeries:• Enucleation/Exenteration, Evisceration : Indications• Keratoplasty• Dark room procedures• Tonometry• Direct/Indirect Ophthalmoscopy• Macular Function Tests• Visual Field Defects• EOG

Glaucoma:• Types• Management Of Glaucoma (To be done with Pharmacology)

Tumors:• Retinoblastoma, Melanoma: Stages of RB, Mx

Myopia, Hypermetropia

Cataract: Causes, Mx

ENT Part 1Ear:• Hearing Tests, Audiometry: Localisation of hearing loss• Anatomy of Middle Ear• Meniere's disease• Otosclerosis• Malignant Otitis Externa• CSOM: Types and Complications• Acoustic Neuroma• Glomus tumour

Nose and Pharynx:• JNA: most important• Anatomy with blood supply• Epistaxis• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

ENT Part 2Tonsillectomy: Methods And Indications• FESS• Polyps‐Ethmoidal, antrochoanal• CSF Rhinorrhea

Throat:• Vocal Cord Palsy• Laryngeal Carcinoma‐ Staging with stage‐wise Mx• RRP• Tracheostomy: Procedure, indications• Lasers In ENT• Radiology of ENT: Identify Towne's view, Law's view, Water's view, Caldwell's view

PSMProgramsMost important: Must revise all recent updates and newly launched programs

Important: Mental Health Act, RNTCP, NPCB, ICDS, NVBDCP, JSSK

Biostatistics: Numerical‐based questions**, Bias, sampling, confounding, confi-dence interval, SE, Parametric/non‐parametric test

Epidemiology: Odds ratio, Study design, Hardy‐weinberg law, secular trends and epidemics, screening, Health indices

Biomedical waste Mx: Classification and treatment of classified waste

Immunization: UIP, VVM Herd Immunity

Demographics: Indices‐NMR, MMR, U5MR, Current values

Nutrition: RDA, Iodine deificiency, Vit A deficiency prophylaxis programs

Communicable Diseases: (To be covered with Micro and national programs): Vector‐borne, TB, Leprosy, Measles, Trachoma, Tetanus, Polio

Medicine Part‐1CVS:• ECG most important‐ At least one question expected; Particulary important STEMI vs NSTEMI, Changes in Electrolyte Imbalances, Arrythmias‐ PSVT, AFIB, Atrial flutter, VFIB, ‐• RHD‐ MS, MR, AS, AR With Murmurs, Mx• Pericardial Diseases• MI: Particularly Management• Infective Endocarditis: Duke's criterai• Classification of shock : Approach based Q

RESPIRATORY:• Approach to PFT, DLco, Volume curves• Pneumoconiosis: Particulary asbestosis, HSP• Pulmonary embolism: Appraoch, Radiology• Sarcoidosis‐Diagnostic features• ARDS‐Criteria, Ventilation basics

NEPHROLOGY:• AKI: Criteria, biomarkers• CKD: Manifestations, Stages• Glomerulonephritis ‐H/P most important• Renal Tubular Acidosis‐Di�erences

GASTRO:• Approach to Malabsorption• Inflammatory bowel disease: CD vs UC vs GI TB; extraintestinal manifestations• Viral/Alcoholic/Autoimmune Hepatitis: Critera, di�erences• Acute Pancreatitis: Revised Atlanta classification, criteria, Mx

Medicine Part‐2RHEUMAT:• Vasculitis: CHAPEL HILL Classification most important• SLE, Systemic Sclerosis, RA, Gout• Behcets Disease• Wilson's, Hemochromatosis

ENDOCRINE:• Pituitary Adenoma,Sheehan syndrome, Lymphocytic hypophysitis• Galactorrhea‐amenorrhea Syndrome• Disorders of Calcium Metabolism• MEN syndromes• Diabetes: Mx, MODY (to be done with pharmacology)

NEUROLOGY:• LOCALISATION of pathology most important• Specific EEG changes• Stroke: Approach, Mx, Window• Epilepsy: Causes, Mx (to be done with pharmacology)• Dementia and movement disorders: Mx (to be done with pharmacology)• Multiple sclerosis, ADEM• Myasthenia gravis

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE: Numericals, Mx• Metabolic Acidosis• Metabolic Alkalosis• Respiratory Acidosis• Respiratory Alkalosis• Hypercalcemia• Hyperkalemia

Surgery Part‐1Surgical oncology: Must not miss TNM staging, Management, Prognostic fac-tors for important cancers: Breast, Thyroid, Gall Bladder, Esophagus, Stomach,Colorectal, Testes, Renal cell carcinoma, Lung cancer, Prostate

Endocrine surgery: Solitary thyroid nodule approach, Thyroid malignancies,PTH adenoma, Pheochromocytoma

Trauma: Approach type questions, Triage, Primary and Secondary survey, Blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma approach, Head trauma‐EDH vs SDH, Neck trauma zones, Genitourinary, esp. urethral trauma approach, eFAST

GI surgery: Esophageal motility disorders, Diverticula, peptic strictures, Gall Stone, Peptic Ulcer, IBD‐Crohn's disease vs Ulcerative colitis, GI TB, Colonic polyps, Appendicitis, Cholecystitis, Surgically obstructive jaundice approach,Intestinal Obstruction

Pediatric surgery: GCongenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis, Malrotation, Intussusception, Hirschsprung Disease, CleG Lip and Palate, Congenital GU anomalies

Vascular surgery: Peripheral arterial disease, Varicose veins, DVT, AorticAneurysm and Dissection

Hernia

Burns: Degrees, Management, Parkland formula

Surgery Part‐2Breast: Screening, BIRADS, Triple assessment, ANDI

Transplant: Liver, Kidney: Types, Complications

Bariatric Surgery: Types

Skin cancers: Melanoma, BCC

Mediastinal masses

Postoperative Patient care

Plastic Surgery: GraGs

Surgical Instruments to know (For Professional Exams VIVA and Im-age‐based Qs)

Forceps: Hemostatic (Kelly's), Kocher's, Allis, Babcock, Towel Clip, Maryland For-ceps, Toothed & Non‐Toothed Forceps, Needle Holder, Veres Needle

Retractors: Deaver's, Morris, Langenback, Cat Paw, Jolly's Thyroid Retractor,Satinsky Vascular Clamp

Others: Scalpel & Blades (Sizes used commonly), Mayo Scissors, Metzenbaum Scissors, Rampleys Swab Holding Forceps, Desjardin's Choledocholithotomy Forceps, Bakes Dilator, Doyen's Intestinal Clamp, Payer's Intestinal Crushing Clamp, Bone Cutter, Bone Nibbler, Rib Cutter, Periosteum Elevator, Bone Chisel, Gigli Saw, Vim Silverman Liver Biopsy Trocar & Needle

PediatricsCommunity Pediatrics: To be done with PSM• New programs, MCH programs• IMR, NMR, U5MR: Current Values, MC Cause

Developmental Milestones: MUST REVISE MULTIPLE TIMES

Neonatalogy:• Neonatal Reflexes• NRP Guidelines• RDS: All causes, di�erenes• HIE• IODM• NEC‐Bell's Staging• Breast feeding• Jaundice: Causes, Physiological vs pathological,Mx

Neurocuataneous Syndromes:• NF1, NF2• Tuberous sclerosis• VHL• Sturge weber syndrome

Congenital Heart Disease:• Murmurs• Diagnostic approach to CHD‐Oligemia vs plethora

Vaccination: UIP schedule, Details of each vaccine ( To be done with PSM)

Systemic Peds:• Nephrotic Syndrome, IgA Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis• Meningitis• PEM, Rickets, Scurvy• Dehydration: Mx• Epilepsy• Inborn errors of metabolism• Croup, Epiglottitis, LRTI

Orthopedics Part ‐ 1IMAGING:• Periosteal Reaction*• Investigations for stress Fracture• Osteomyelitis and Bone Tumors

INFECTIONS:• Osteomyelitis• Pyogenic arthritis• Actinomycosis

TUBERCULOSIS:• Pott’s spine*• T.B. Knee & Hip

BONE TUMORS:• Diagnosis especially benign tumors*• Management malignant tumors*• Bone Cyst

SPORTS INJURY:• Cruciate ligaments and Meniscal injuries

AMPUTATION:• Symes• Choparts• Lisfranc

TRAUMATOLOGY:

1. COMPLICATION:• Compartment Syndrome• Crush Injury• Fat Embolism• Sudecks dystrophy• Myositis Ossificans

Orthopedics Part ‐ 22. UPPER LIMB:• Dislocations* ‐ Shoulder & Elbow• Fractures* ‐ Clavicle, Humerus, Supracondylar humerus, Lateral condyle humerus, Colles and Carpo metacarpal injuries

3. CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES

4. LOWER LIMB:• Dislocations* ‐ Hip & Knee• Fractures* of hip, femur shaG, Patella, Tibia and Calcaneum• Ankle Sprain

5. Treatment: Nails, Screws & Wires

AVASCULAR NECROSIS* AND OSTEOCHONDRITIS NEURO-MUSCULAR DISORDERS:• Polio• Disc prolapsed• Bursitis and other inflammatory disorders• Dupuytrens contracture

METABOLIC DISORDERS:• Rickets and Osteomalacia*• Osteopetrosis* and Pagets*• Osteoporosis * and Hyperparathyrodism• Achondroplasia*• Osteogenesis imperfect

ARTHRITIS:• Osteoarthritis*• R.A* and Ankylosin spondylitis*• Gout* and Pseudogout• Charcots Joints

NERVE INJURIES:• Erb’s palsy• Ulnar*, Median and Radial Nerve• Entrapment sydrome – Carpal tunnel and Meralgia Paraesthetica

Orthopedics Part ‐ 3PEDIATRICS ORTHOPEDICS:• DDH*, Perthes* and Slipped capital femoral epiphysis• CTEV*• Genu Varum

Obstetrics & GynaeGynecology:

Oncology (most important): Staging With Treatment‐Endometrium, cervix, ovary

Menstrual Physiology: Normal phases, Abnormalities, especially Primary Amenorrhea

PCOS: criteria, pathophysiology, Mx

Contraception

Infertility: approach‐based Qs

STI: Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomonas, Candidiasis

Mullerian Anomalies: Classification (recent update), MRKH, AIS, Obstetrics

Physiological Changes In Pregnancy: One liners, quantitative values

Systemic Conditions In Pregnancy: GDM, PIH,Rh isoimmunization, Anemia most important

Interventions: Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villous Sampling

GTN, Ectopic Pregnancy, Abortions

Operative: C Sec/ Ventouse/ Forceps

Stages Of Labour, Partogram, NST: Recent trend

PPH: Management algorithm with drug dosages must

Pelvis Types, Fetal Skull Diameters

DermatologyVesico‐Bullous Disorders: Most important: Compare Level of split, Tzanck, immunofluorescence, Histopath findings of di�erent diseases

Infections: Leprosy (Read with PSM program on leprosy eradication), Cutaneous TB, Dermatophytes, Scabies, STIs (read with OBG and PSM program)

Neurocutaneous Disorders (read with Med, Peds, Radio)

Papulosquamous Diseases: Psoriasis most important with treatment options

Atopic Dermatitis

Disorders Of Pigmentation: Mx of vitiligo most important

Acne: Management

Annular Lesions: Image‐based Qs ‐Erythema Marginatum/ Migrans/ Multiforme

Malignancies: Melanoma, BCC, XP

PsychiatryPsychopharmacology (most important): Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Anti‐anxiety, Mood stabilisers esp. Lithium

Psychotherapy: Esp CBT, ECT

Toxicology: Withdrawal and intoxication symptoms; Alcohol most important (To be done along with FMT toxicology and Critical care in medicine)

Child Psychiatry: ADHD, Autism, ID

Personality disorders

Schizophrenia and mood disorders: Definitions DSM‐V; Case scenari-os‐Diagnosis

Sleep Disorders, Narcolepsy: To do along with Sleep Physiology

Conversion Disorders: Definitions DSM‐V

Delirium vs dementia

Defence Mechanisms

Diagnostic Criteria‐Time Cut o�s (very important to be revised)

RadiologyIOC, Initial Investigations: For Various Conditions

Basics of imaging modalities: Radiograph, CT, MRI and USG: Concepts and techniques, radiation involved

Radiation physics: Radiation e�ects, Units, Radiation protection, Xray interac-tion with matter, Xray tube

Chest radiology : Approach to chest xray, cross‐sectional anatomy CT, Emer-gencies

GI radiology: Cross‐sectional anatomy, Emergencies

Genitourinary radiology: Renal tumors, gynecological emergencies

Neuroradiology: Approach to brain tumors, Spotters‐Skull Xray series, Head trauma, Spinal tumors; myelography, Stroke, Spine trauma

MSK radiology: Bone tumors, Metabolic bone diseases, Arthritis

Iodinated Contrast, Barium, USG contrast, MRI contrast

Nuclear medicine and radiotherapy: Concepts, PET, important radionu-clides

Signs‐Image based questions (Must see)

AnaesthesiaAnesthetic Agents: Pharmacology propeties, S/E, Special Instructions• I/V Agents: Ketamine, Propofol, Thiopentone• Inhalational Agents: Halothane, isoflurane, Sevoflurane, desflurane• Ms Relaxants: S.Ch, Artracurium

Instrumentation: Machines and Cylinders, Pin Index, Airway Instruments, sizing

BLS, ACLS guidelines (Most Important): Approach based Qs

Time of dropping drugs before sx

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