Prepared by:

Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education

Faculty of Educational Studies

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Serdang

Students should be able to:

1. Identify computer development by year

2. Understand five (5) computer

generations

First Generation Computer

≡ First electronic digital computer

≡ Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC)

≡ Neumann introduced stored program concepts

≡ Memory can store data and program

≡ Mauchly and Eckert invented a big size electronic

computer

≡ The computer is called ENIAC

≡ Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain invented transistor

≡ Transistor was more reliable than vacuum tube

≡ Remington Rand produced the first commercial

electronic digital computer

≡ The computer is called UNIVAC I

≡ IBM produced computer system – IBM model 650

≡ IBM dominated mainframe computer

≡ John Backus introduced computer program FORTRAN

≡ IBM 305 introduced magnetic disk for storage

≡ Jack Kilby (Texas Instruments) invented integrated

circuit

≡ Second generation computer – using transistors

Second Generation Computer

≡ Grace Hopper introduced programming language

COBOL

≡ Number of computer reached 18,000 units

≡ Third generation computer – using chips

Third Generation Computer

≡ John Kemeny introduced programming language BASIC

≡ Digital Equipment Corporation introduced mini computers

≡ Alan Shugart (IBM) introduced 8” floppy disk

≡ Edsger Dijsktra introduced structured programming

concept

≡ IBM tidak lagi menjual gabungan hardware+software –

membolehkan firma perisian muncul dalam industri

≡ ARPANET ditubuhkan

≡ Komputer Generasi IV menggunakan cip LSI (Large-

scale integration)

≡ Cip LSI mengandungi sehingga 15,000 ciruits

Fourth Generation Computer

≡ Ted Hoff (Intel) membangunkan microprocessor –

Intel 4004

≡ Local Area Network (LAN) pertama telah

dibangunkan di Xerox PARC oleh Robert Metcalf

≡ Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak menghasilkan

komputer Apple

≡ Microsoft menghasilkan MS–DOS

≡ Alan Shugart memperkenalkan cakera liat (hard

drive)

≡ IBM PC mula dihasilkan

≡ IBM PC berkembang dengan begitu pesat

≡ Bilangan komputer dijual sebanyak 3,275,000 unit

≡ Hayes memperkenalkan modem 300 bps

≡ Lotus Development Corporation ditubuhkan

≡ Mengeluarkan Lotus 1-2-3

≡ IBM memperkenalkan PC AT menggunakan

mikroprosesor Intel 80286

≡ HP memperkenalkan pencetak LaserJet

≡ Apple mengeluarkan komputer Macintoch

≡ Macintoch menggunakan antaramuka grafik

≡ PC mengunakan mikroprosesor Intel 80386

≡ Microsoft mengatasi Lotus sebagai pengeluar

perisian

≡ Intel 486 merupakan mikroprosesor transistor pertama

≡ Mengandungi 1.2 juta transistor dan melaksanakan 15

juta arahan sesaat

≡ Microsoft mengeluarkan Windows 3.1

≡ Komputer berasaskan mikroprosesor Pentium dikeluarkan

≡ Pentium mengandungi 3.1 juga transistor dan mampu

melaksanakan 112 juta arahan sesaat

≡ Marc Andreessen menghasilkan pelayar Mosaic

≡ Penubuhan Netscape Communications Corporation

≡ Pelancaran pelayar Netscape 1.0

≡ Linus Torvalds menghasilkan sistem peng operasian

Linux

≡ Sun Microsystems melancarkan Java, bahasa

program berasaskan objek

≡ U.S. Robotics memperkenalkan PalmPilot

≡ Webtv menggabungkan tv dan internet

≡ Microsoft melancarkan Windows NT 4.0

≡ Deep Blue (Supercomputer IBM) mengalahkan

jaguh chess, Gary Kasparov

≡ 50 juta mengguna internet dan WWW

≡ Microsoft melancarkan Internet Explorer 4.0

≡ Intel mengeluarkan Pentium II – 7.5 juta transistor

≡ 10 juta terlibat dalam telecommuting

≡ Perkembangan e-dagang

≡ Microsoft melancarkan Windows 98

≡ Intel menggeluarkan Pentium III

≡ Microsoft memperkenalkan Office 2000

≡ Trafik internet berkembang 2X ganda setiap 100 hari

≡ Microsoft mengeluarkan Windows 2000 dan

Windows ME

≡ Intel memperkenalkan Pentium 4

≡ Microsoft mengeluarkan Windows XP dan Office XP

≡ Intel menghasilkan Pentium 4 menggunakan

prosesor .13 micron; boleh mencapai kelajuan 20

GHz

≡ Perkembangan kamera video digital

≡ Tablet PC diperkenalkan semula

≡ Komputer dan peranti wireless berkembang

≡ Microsoft memperkenalkan Office 2003

► First generation

► Second generation

► Third generation

► Fourth generation

► Fifth generation

Computer Generation

− The earliest computers, developed in the

1940s and 1950s

− Made from valves and wire circuits

First Generation

ENIAC Computer

Atanasof-Berry Computer

− From the late 1950s to the early 1960s

− Based on transistors and printed circuits

Second Generation

− From the early 1960s to 1970

− Using integrated circuits and often sold as

families of computers, such as the IBM 360

series

Third Generation

ERMA - Electronic

Recording Method of

Accounting computer

processing system. ERMA

began as a project for the

Bank of America in an effort

to computerize the banking

industry.

Fourth Generation

− From the 1970s and still in use

− Using microprocessor

− Based on emerging microelectronic

technologies with high computing speeds

and parallel processing

− The development of very large-scale integration

(VLSI) technology, enables many more circuits

onto an integrated circuit (chip); produce far

more powerful computers

− currently under development

Fifth Generation